Santonium
| system | series | step | ≈ age ( mya ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| higher | higher | higher | younger |
| chalk | Upper Chalk | Maastrichtium | 66 ⬍ 72 |
| Campanium | 72 ⬍ 83.6 |
||
| Santonium | 83.6 ⬍ 86.3 |
||
| Coniacium | 86.3 ⬍ 89.7 |
||
| Turonium | 89.7 ⬍ 93.9 |
||
| Cenomanium | 93.9 ⬍ 100.5 |
||
| Lower Cretaceous | Albium | 100.5 ⬍ 112.9 |
|
| Aptium | 112.9 ⬍ 126.3 |
||
| Barremium | 126.3 ⬍ 130.7 |
||
| Skin rivium | 130.7 ⬍ 133.9 |
||
| Valanginium | 133.9 ⬍ 139.3 |
||
| Berriasium | 139.3 ⬍ 145 |
||
| deeper | deeper | deeper | older |
The Santonium (also Santon ) is a chronostratigraphic level of the Upper Cretaceous . In absolute numbers ( geochronologically ) it covers the period from about 86.3 to about 83.6 million years. It follows the Coniacium and is replaced by the Campanium .
Naming and history
The series of rocks that typify this stage are located in the historic Saintonge landscape near the French city of Saintes . The Latin name "Santonum" for this landscape gave the stage its name. Henri Coquand proposed the name and level in 1857.
Definition and GSSP
The beginning of the stage is defined by the first appearance of the Inoceramen species Platyceramus undulatoplicatus . The stage ends with the extinction of the sea lily species Marsupites testudinarius . The profile “Cantera de Margas” near Olazagutia (Northern Spain) was determined as the GSSP (global type locality and type profile) for the Santonium .
Breakdown
The santonium can be divided into the lower, middle and upper levels.
In the Tethys area , the santonium has only one ammonite biozone:
A finer subdivision can be achieved with inoceramen , foraminifera and nannoplankton .
literature
- Felix Gradstein, Jim Ogg, Jim & Alan Smith: A geologic timescale. Cambridge University Press 2004, ISBN 0-521-78673-8
- Hans Murawski & Wilhelm Meyer: Geological dictionary . 10., rework. u. exp. Ed., 278 pages, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-432-84100-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ MA Lamolda, CRC Pau, D. Peryt, JM Pons: The Global Boundary Stratotype and Section Point (GSSP) for the base of the Santonian Stage, "Cantera de Marga" Olazagutia, northern Spain. Episodes, 37 (1): 2–13, 2014 PDF
Web links
- German Stratigraphic Commission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): Stratigraphische Tisch von Deutschland 2002 . Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 sheet, Stratigraphie.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ]).
- Commission for the paleontological and stratigraphic research of Austria of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Ed.): The Stratigraphic Table of Austria (sedimentary layer sequences). Vienna 2004 (PDF; 376 kB)
- International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2015 (PDF)