Accident analysis
The accident analysis (or accident reconstruction ) as part of engineering is the systematic investigation of a single accident or several accident events.
General
The purpose of an accident analysis is to clarify the causes of an accident or to clarify questions of liability .
A distinction between accident analysis and accident reconstruction that is generally accepted and used in practice does not currently take place in German-speaking countries. In the literature, the term accident analysis is suggested for the (statistical) investigation of several accidents and the term accident reconstruction for the investigation of a single accident.
An accident analysis is carried out to determine the cause or several causes of an accident in order to prevent further accidents of a similar nature. It is part of an accident investigation or an incident investigation. These analyzes can be performed by a number of experts, including forensic scientists , forensic engineers, or health and safety advisors. The retrospective nature of accident analysis means that it is primarily a directed explanation task carried out using the analyst's theories or methods.
Occupational health and safety professionals prefer the term "incident" to "accident". This is why the term "incident analysis" has become established. In the area of air transport, incidents are often spoken of.
Areas
In the case of traffic accidents, the accident analysis includes the back- calculation of driving and collision speeds from lanes, the investigation of accident sequences, avoidability considerations, fraud investigation, measurement technology (light, noise, accelerations) and biomechanics ( e.g. whiplash injuries ). The expert , who is mainly commissioned by civil and criminal courts, insurance companies or lawyers, summarizes the results of his reconstruction or analysis in his report .
A systematic accident analysis of a large number of accidents can be used to improve road safety and for accident research . In accident research by insurers (UDV), for example, a large number of accident data are stored anonymously in a separate accident database (UDB) for accident analyzes. Evaluations of this UDB allow conclusions to be drawn as to which measures increase traffic safety, e.g. B. Safety potential of driver assistance systems.
Another area for the preparation of accident analyzes is the processing of occupational accidents . Accident analyzes are also carried out in the event of rail or air accidents.
procedure
The following step-by-step processing is proposed for the analysis of occupational accidents:
- Accident investigation
- Gather facts
- Determine the causes
- Work out solutions
- Action plan
- Effectiveness control
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walter Eichendorf, Jörg Hedtmann (Ed.): Practical Guide Traffic Medicine: Prevention, Security, Assessment . Universum Verlag GmbH, 2012, ISBN 978-3-89869-356-1 .
- ↑ https://www.haufe.de/arbeitsschutz/arbeitsschutz-office/unfallanalyse_idesk_PI957_HI5193296.html