Treaty of Kütahya
The Treaty of Kütahya is the name given to the peace treaty between Muhammad Ali Pasha and Sultan Mahmud II. It ended the Egyptian-Ottoman War in May 1833.
prehistory
Egypt, which had been part of the Ottoman Empire since Sultan Selim I in 1517 , de facto gained its independence under Muhammad Ali Pasha . Muhammad Ali Pasha offered the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II to subjugate the troubled province of Syria . In return, he wanted to be installed as governor in Syria. After the sultan refused, Egyptian troops under Muhammad Ali Pascha 's son Ibrahim Pascha occupied Palestine and Syria in 1831 . On May 27, 1832 they stormed Acre and on June 18 Damascus . The Egyptian troops advanced to Anatolia after victories over the Ottomans at Homs (July 7th) and Konya (December 1832) . On April 8, 1833, the Treaty of Kutahya was signed and Muhammad Ali's rule over Syria was recognized for the time being.
agreement
The treaty was brokered by the major European powers. A Russian expeditionary force was sent to the Bosporus to put pressure on the Egyptian ruler. In view of the defeat in the war, Mahmud II made extensive promises, since the treaty gave the renegade Governor Muhammad Ali control of the provinces of Hejaz and Crete and officially recognized his rule. His son Ibrahim Pasha received rule over the Syrian provinces. Officially, Muhammad Ali still remained in vassal status to the Ottoman Sultan.
Individual evidence
- ^ Khaled Fahmy: All the Pasha's Men - Mehmed Ali, his army and the making of modern Egypt. 2nd Edition. American Univ. in Cairo Press, Kairo / New York 2004, ISBN 977-424-696-9 , pp. 67-70.
- ^ Efraim Karsh: Islamic Imperialism - A History. London 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-12263-3 , pp. 99-101.