Warhieftig Sumarius the judicial hendel
Warhrachtig Sumarius der gerichts hendel , often just Sumarius , is the abbreviation for one of the earliest printed publications from the Mark Brandenburg . It was printed in 1511 by Johann Hanau in Frankfurt (Oder) in an early New High German and a Middle Low German version.
The full title of the High German version is:
- Ditzs is the warrior Sumarius, the judicial hendel and trial that has been held on many occasions indicia, testimony and confession of a Paul From called the noble Sacrament, who stole a monstrous ec outside of the kyrchen at Knobloch. And also the committed hendell of the Jews, the irethetical end of the most holy and most honorable Sacrament and vil innocent Christian children foolishly laid. and have been justified in the toe jar of Berleinn.
In contrast, here is the spelling of the title of the Low German version:
- Dit is the warhoppig Sumarius the court hendel and the trial of the holden is upp manigfaldig Indicia, uthsag, and acknowledgment of a Pawl From der dat high quality Sacrament sampt a monstrous ec uth the kercken to Knoblock stolen. And ock the committed hendel of the Jews de ore thetlicke hande an dat aller hylligst high quality sacrament and vel innocent Cristlicke children dristiglick laid. and have been justified in the Teynde Jar to Berlin.
Apart from the linguistic differences, both editions include, apart from the title page 42, identical printed pages on which 23 woodcuts of little artistic value, two of which are doubles, have been inserted. The canon lawyer and professor at the Viadrina Gregor Günther is presumed to be the author or at least the initiator of the Sumarius, nothing is known about the shape cutter . A High German Sumarius has been the property of the Association for the History of Berlin since 1873 , a Low German version is in the main library of the Stadtmuseum Berlin Foundation . Further copies can no longer be proven in German-speaking countries.
The pamphlet describes an event in 1510: a church robbery committed by a Christian led to the accusation and conviction of Jews from Brandenburg for alleged desecration of the host and ritual murders . In July 1510, forty Jews were executed next to the church thief in Berlin, and all Jewish families were subsequently expelled from the market. Just a few weeks after the trial, several unillustrated pamphlets with identical anti-Jewish reports appeared. The author of Sumarius has essentially adopted this and added the description of - otherwise unproven - Marian apparitions of one of the Jewish accused. Then there were the woodcuts to illustrate what was happening.
The Brandenburg chronicler Angelus has comprehensively processed the content of Sumarius in his annals , but in later chronicles the event is only mentioned briefly and without reference to this source. Only the lawyer and historian Friedrich Holtze compared and evaluated the content of the Sumarius text in 1884 with the writings from 1510 and those of the Angelus from 1593 and 1598, as well as other sources. In this comprehensive legal historical analysis, however, the necessary statement is missing that the Sumarius was refuted as early as 1539 at the Frankfurt Fürstentag when Philipp Melanchthon proved the false accusations and thus the innocence of the Jews. This can only be found with Aron Ackermann in 1906.
A comparison of the historical and preserved Sumarius specimens was undertaken and published on the occasion of a commemorative exhibition on the desecration of the host in 1510.
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Grimm: The woodcut illustration in the early prints from the university town of Frankfurt an der Oder , Gutenberg Society, Mainz 1958; P. 25 ff.
- ↑ Download as a pdf file: sumarius.pdf
- ↑ z. B.:. A wonderful story of how the Merckian Jews bought the noble Sacrament and underwent torture , digitized
- ^ Andreas Engel, called Angelus: Annales Marchiae brandenburgicae , Johann Hartmann, Frankfurt (Oder) 1598
- ^ Friedrich Holtze: The criminal proceedings against the Brandenburg Jews in 1510 ; Writings of the Association for the History of Berlin, Issue 21, Berlin 1884; Digitized
- ^ Aron Ackermann: History of the Jews in Brandenburg ad Havel , Berlin 1906; dar. P. 31 ff .: The process of desecration of the host and its consequences ; Digitized
- ↑ Andrea Theissen (Ed.): The fate of the Mark Brandenburg. The process of desecration of the Host of 1510. Documentation of the exhibition of the City History Museum in the armory of the Spandau Citadel (Berlin 2010)