Wassili Robertowitsch Wiljams

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W. Williams, 1931

Vasily Robertovich Vilyams ( Russian Василий Робертович Вильямс ; born September 27 . Jul / 9. October  1863 greg. In Moscow ; † 11. November 1939 in Moscow) was a Russian- Soviet soil scientists . He developed the Trawopolnaja system, a field grass crop rotation system known throughout the Eastern Bloc .

Life

Viljams graduated from the Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy (now the Russian State Agricultural University in Moscow) in 1887 . He was a Master of Agricultural Sciences (1894), Professor (1894), Academician of the Soviet Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1935). Wassili Wiljams was an outstanding scientist , soil researcher and agrobiologist. He worked as an assistant, head of the test field of the chair for soil science and general agriculture (1885-1891); later he became assistant professor of soil science, general agriculture and agricultural machinery (1891-1894), since 1894 he was professor and department head, from 1922 to 1925 he was rector of the Russian State Agrarian University.

Vasily Wiljams founded a biological direction in the study of soils. He developed the theory of the biological cycle of matter, of the nature of the soil formation process, of the organic matter in the soil, of the individual soil formation process. For the first time he formulated the concept of plant formation in relation to soil science, a natural combination of higher plants and microorganisms. He is the developer of the lysimetric method, a series of large parts of the theory of the soil formation process and soil fertility .

Together with Trofim Lyssenko , Wiljams is made jointly responsible for ideological agricultural research during Stalinism in the Soviet Union.

More than 350 scientific papers, including 72 books and brochures, including 7 monographs, have been published. A number of works have been published abroad.

Viljams received numerous prizes, including the Lenin Prize in 1931, the Order of Lenin , and twice the Order of the Red Banner of Labor .

Trawopolnaya system

The Trawopolnaja system included the creation of forest protection strips , two crop rotations (arable and forage crop rotation) with frequent cultivation of clover grass mixtures , soil cultivation measures and the development of irrigation options.

Works

  • Three talks with collective farmers from the Moscow region. - Berlin: Culture and Progress, 1951.
  • About the trawopolnaya system of agriculture. / Translated into German by W. Höppner. - Berlin: Culture and Progress, 1951.

literature

  • WP Smirnow: WR Wiljams: His life and work . Deutscher Bauernverl., Berlin 1951, p. 133 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The Trawopolnaja System
  2. ↑ a b Wassili Wiljams - biography. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Alexander Alexandrowitsch Nikonow and Eberhard Schulze: Three centuries of agricultural science in Russia: From 1700 to the present
  4. ↑ About Vasily Wiljams. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (Russian).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Wiljams, Wassili Robertowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Вильямс, Василий Робертович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian and Soviet soil scientist
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1939
Place of death Moscow