Wassili Wassiljewitsch Dokuchajew
Vasily Dokuchaev ( Russian Василий Васильевич Докучаев ; born February 17 . Jul / 1. March 1846 greg. , † October 26 jul. / 8. November 1903 greg. ) Was a Russian geologist , mineralogist and geographer . In Russia he is considered the father of modern soil science .
Life
After his studies at the kaiserl. At the University of St. Petersburg , he worked in the field of soil science, geology, mineralogy and geography at the end of the 19th century. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was one of his students.
From 1872 to 1878 Dokuchayev was active as a conservator at the Geological Cabinet of the University of St. Petersburg. Then, from 1874 to 1882, he worked as secretary of the geological-mineralogical department of the St. Petersburg Natural Research Society.
Between 1880 and 1896 he held lectures on mineralogy and crystallography at his university, and since 1883 as a professor. In 1882, Docuchayev was elected senior geologist to the Geological Committee and at the same time secretary of the Russian sub-commission for the standardization of geological terminology at the 2nd International Geological Congress. In 1888 he defended his dissertation on the subject of "Russian Black Earth" at the University of St. Petersburg, thereby earning a doctorate in geology. His work has been awarded a prize by the Petersburg Academy of Sciences and has received special recognition from the Imperial Free Economic Society (Вольное экономическое общество).
With his work on the climate sequence of the Eurasian lowlands, carried out around 1870, Dokuchaev recognized the climate as a soil-forming factor. The arduous journey took him by horse from north to south Russia. He presented his findings in a fundamental publication in 1893.
In 1888, on his initiative, a group of interested people came together within the Imperial Free Economic Society, who devoted themselves to the research of soil science. This working group was spun off in 1913 and renamed the Soil Science Committee . In 1918, Franz Loewinson-Lessing incorporated the soil science group into the committee for research into natural productive forces. At the suggestion of Loewinson-Lessing and Wladimir Ivanovich Wernadski , the Soviet Academy of Sciences took over this research facility in 1927. Since then, the institute into which he integrated the study of microorganisms has borne the name of Dokuchayev.
His life's work, which he dedicated to the investigation of numerous other soil-forming factors, made him a pioneer of modern soil science. The Moscow Agricultural Academy ( Timiryazev Academy ) has a museum that exhibits the soil profiles he has collected .
Others
The Central Soil Museum Dokuchayev was opened in Saint Petersburg in 1904 and is still an international research institution to this day.
An impact crater on Mars is named after Dokuchayev.
The Soil Science Society of the USSR awarded a VV-Dokuchayev medal . Since 1947, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR has awarded the Docuchayev Gold Medal for outstanding achievements in the field of soil science. Since 1993 this medal has been awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences.
literature
- NN: VV Dokuchaev; The russian steppes: study of the soil in Russia - its past and present. 1893. (translated into English by John Martin Crawford)
- NN: VV Dokuchaev; 50th anniversary of his death. In: Mikrobiol Zh. 1953. 15 (3): 76-8. (Russian short biography)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mike Davis: Climate Pioneers . Lettre Int. 113, p. 30 , accessed February 2, 2020
- ↑ a b В.В. Докучаев. Преподавательская и научная деятельность. on www.soil-museum.ru ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian)
- ↑ History of VVDokuchaev Soil Science Institute (accessed December 13, 2009)
- ↑ The Dokuchaev hypothesis as a basis for predictive digital soil mapping
- ↑ W.-W.-Dokuchayev gold medal. Russian Золотая медаль имени В.В. Докучаева . Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed May 17, 2018 (Russian, with list of award winners).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Dokuchayev, Wassili Wassiljewitsch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian geologist, mineralogist and geographer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 1, 1846 |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 8, 1903 |