Soft-nosed rays
Soft-nosed rays | ||||||||||||
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Bathyraja abyssicola , image from the Davidson Seamount from a depth of 2373 m. |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Arhynchobatidae | ||||||||||||
Fowler , 1934 |
The soft-nosed rays ( Arhynchobatidae) are a family of rays (Batoidea). It occurs in all oceans, from the Arctic Ocean to the Southern Ocean and from coastal regions to the deep sea, but is rare in tropical areas. Some species also go into brackish water .
features
Soft-nosed rays reach lengths of just over 20 cm ( Psammobatis extenta ) to 3.5 meters ( Bathyraja hesperafricana ) and have a more or less rhombic body. Its mouth is straight to curved and has numerous teeth. There are five paired gill slits on the underside of the head. The tail is slender and has lateral folds. Soft-nosed rays usually have two rather small dorsal fins, which are located far back just before the tail end, and a reduced caudal fin. Electrical organs are poorly developed; they developed from the tail muscles. In most species, the skin is partially covered with thorns. Often they are in rows along or parallel to the center line of the back.
Soft-nosed rays lay eggs (oviparous). The eggs are horny capsules with four long holding threads. Fossils suggest that the oviparity of the reverse family evolved from viviparous ancestors.
Genera and species
- Arhynchobatini tribe
- Genus Arhynchobatis Waite, 1909
- Arhynchobatis asperrimus Waite, 1909
- Genus Irolita Whitley, 1931
- Irolita waitii (McCulloch, 1911)
- Irolita westraliensis Last & Gledhill, 2008
- Genus Psammobatis Günther, 1870
- Psammobatis bergi Marini, 1932
- Psammobatis extenta (Garman, 1913)
- Psammobatis lentiginosa McEachran, 1983
- Psammobatis normani McEachran, 1983
- Psammobatis parvacauda McEachran, 1983
- Psammobatis rudis Günther, 1870
- Psammobatis rutrum Jordan, 1890
- Psammobatis scobina (Philippi, 1857)
- Genus Sympterygia Müller & Henle, 1837
- Sympterygia acuta Garman, 1877
- Sympterygia bonapartii Müller & Henle, 1841
- Sympterygia brevicaudata (Cope, 1877)
- Sympterygia lima (Poeppig, 1835)
- Genus Arhynchobatis Waite, 1909
- Bathyrajini tribe
- Genus Bathyraja Ishiyama, 1958
- Bathyraja abyssicola (Gilbert, 1896)
- Bathyraja aguja (Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)
- Bathyraja albomaculata (Norman, 1937)
- Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert, 1896)
- Bathyraja andriashevi Dolganov, 1985
- Bathyraja bergi Dolganov, 1985
- Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910)
- Bathyraja cousseauae Diaz de Astarloa & Mabragana, 2004
- Bathyraja diplotaena (Ishiyama, 1952)
- Bathyraja eatonii (Günther, 1876)
- Bathyraja federovi Dolganov, 1985
- Bathyraja griseocauda (Norman, 1937)
- Bathyraja hesperafricana Stehmann, 1995
- Bathyraja interrupta (Gill & Townsend, 1897)
- Bathyraja irrasa Hureau & Ozouf-Costaz, 1980
- Bathyraja ishiharai Stehmann, 2005
- Bathyraja isotrachys (Günther, 1877)
- Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman, 1908)
- Bathyraja leucomelanos Iglésias & Lévy-Hartmann, 2012
- Bathyraja lindbergi Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977
- Bathyraja longicauda (de Buen, 1959)
- Bathyraja maccaini Springer, 1971
- Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937)
- Bathyraja maculata Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977
- Bathyraja magellanica (Philippi, 1902)
- Bathyraja mariposa Stevenson, Orr, Hoff & McEachran, 2004
- Bathyraja matsubarai (Ishiyama, 1952)
- Bathyraja meridionalis Stehmann, 1987
- Bathyraja microtrachys (Osburn & Nichols, 1916)
- Bathyraja minispinosa Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977
- Bathyraja multispinis (Norman, 1937)
- Bathyraja murrayi (Günther, 1880)
- Bathyraja notoroensis Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977
- Bathyraja pacifica Last et al., 2016
- Heller deep sea rays ( Bathyraja pallida ) (Forster, 1967)
- Bathyraja panthera Orr, Stevenson, Hoff, Spies & McEachran, 2011
- Bathyraja papilionifera Stehmann, 1985
- Bathyraja parmifera (Bean, 1881)
- Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Miyake, 1984
- Richardson's deep rays ( Bathyraja richardsoni ) (Garrick, 1961)
- Bathyraja scaphiops (Norman, 1937)
- Bathyraja schroederi (Krefft, 1968)
- Bathyraja shuntovi Dolganov, 1985
- Bathyraja simoterus (Ishiyama, 1967)
- Bathyraja smithii (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Dorn tail deep sea rays ( Bathyraja spinicauda ) (Jensen, 1914)
- Bathyraja spinosissima (Beebe & Tee-van, 1941)
- Bathyraja taranetzi (Dolganov, 1983)
- Bathyraja trachouros (Ishiyama, 1958)
- Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892)
- Bathyraja tunae Stehmann, 2005
- Bathyraja tzinovskii Dolganov, 1985
- Bathyraja violacea (Suvorov, 1935)
- Genus Rhinoraja Ishiyama, 1952
- Rhinoraja kujiensis (Tanaka, 1916)
- Rhinoraja longicauda Ishiyama, 1952
- Rhinoraja odai Ishiyama, 1958
- Genus Bathyraja Ishiyama, 1958
- Tribe Riorajini
- Genus Atlantoraja Menni, 1972
- Atlantoraja castelnaui (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907)
- Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903)
- Atlantoraja platana (Günther, 1880)
- Genus Rioraja Whitley, 1939
- Rioraja agassizii (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Genus Atlantoraja Menni, 1972
- Pavorajini tribe
- Genus Brochiraja Last & McEachran, 2006
- Brochiraja aenigma Last & McEachran, 2006
- Brochiraja albilabiata Last & McEachran, 2006
- Brochiraja asperula (Garrick & Paul, 1974)
- Brochiraja heuresa Last & Séret, 2012
- Brochiraja leviveneta Last & McEachran, 2006
- Brochiraja microspinifera Last & McEachran, 2006
- Brochiraja spinifera (Garrick & Paul, 1974)
- Brochiraja vittacauda Last & Séret, 2012
- Genus Insentiraja Yearsley & Last, 1992
- Insentiraja laxipella (Yearsley & Last, 1992)
- Insentiraja subtilispinosa (Stehmann, 1989)
- Genus Notoraja Ishiyama, 1958
- Notoraja alisae Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja azurea McEachran & Last, 2008
- Notoraja fijiensis Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja inusitata Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja hirticauda Last & McEachran, 2006
- Notoraja inusitata Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja lira McEachran & Last, 2008
- Notoraja longiventralis Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja longiventralis Séret & Last, 2012
- Notoraja martinezi Concha et al., 2016
- Notoraja ochroderma McEachran & Last, 1994
- Notoraja sapphira Séret & Last, 2009
- Notoraja sereti White, Last & Mana, 2017
- Notoraja sticta McEachran & Last, 2008
- Notoraja tobitukai (Hiyama, 1940)
- Genus Pavoraja Whitley, 1939
- Pavoraja alleni McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982
- Pavoraja arenaria Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008
- Pavoraja mosaica Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008
- Pavoraja nitida (Günther, 1880)
- Pavoraja pseudonitida Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008
- Pavoraja umbrosa Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008
- Genus Pseudoraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954
- Pseudoraja fischeri Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954
- Genus Brochiraja Last & McEachran, 2006
swell
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the world , Fourth Edition, Wiley & Sons, Hoboken 2006, ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9
- Last, PR, Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016): Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). Pages 11 to 34 in Last, PR & Yearsley, GK (Ed.) (2016): Rays of the World: Supplementary information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Psammobatis extenta on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Bathyraja hesperafricana on Fishbase.org (English)
Web links
- Soft-nosed rays on Fishbase.org (English)