William of Wykeham

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William of Wykeham

William von Wykeham (* 1324 in Wickham , Hampshire , † September 27, 1404 in Winchester ) was an English politician and Bishop of Winchester .

Life

Wykeham was the son of John Long, a poor farmer from Wickham, Hampshire . As the protegee of two nobles, Sir Ralph Sutton, the Constable of Winchester Castle and the Lord of the Manor of Wickham, Sir John Scures, he was educated in Winchester School. In 1349 he was appointed chaplain to the rector of Irstead , Norfolk . In 1347 he became an official under King Edward III. who hired him in 1350 to direct the remodeling and remodeling of Windsor Castle . Wykeham gained through this work and other construction projects on royal buildings the trust of Edward, who gave him the title Clerk of the king's worksawarded. Wykeham was more of a politician than a clergyman and a notorious benefactor . In the course of time he had 7 prebends and had become, among other things, the Archdeacon of Lincoln. He rose to great political influence, was Justice of Eyre South of the Trent from 1361 to 1367, was Lord Seal Keeper in 1363 and Lord Chancellor in 1367

He also continued his career in the church sector: in 1366 he was elected Bishop of Winchester . In 1371 he had to give up the chancellorship, but he regained it in 1389 under King Richard II for another two years. His greatest achievement was the founding of New College in Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester (1382) in 1379 : both self-governing institutes were exemplary for the English education system of the 15th century. He died on September 20, 1404 in South Waltham and was buried in Winchester Cathedral . His motto was: "Manners makyth man" (Circumstances make a man).

literature

  • Veronika Decker: William of Wykeham as a college founder and builder. Architecture and glass painting at the time of Richard II. Kiel, Solivagus-Verlag 2017, ISBN 978-3-943025-27-9 .
  • George Herbert Moberly: Life of William of Wykeham, sometime Bishop of Winchester, and Lord High Chancellor of England . Warren & son, Winchester, 2nd ed. 1893.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mackenzie EC Walcott: William of Wykeham, His Colleges
  2. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 91
  3. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 84
  4. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 258
  5. ^ List of the Bishops of Winchester
  6. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 85
predecessor Office successor
William Edington Bishop of Winchester
1366-1404 		Henry Beaufort
Simon Langham Lord Chancellor of England
1367–1371 		Sir Robert Thorp
Thomas Arundel Lord Chancellor of England
1389-1391 		Thomas Arundel
personal data
SURNAME Wykeham, William of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English politician and Bishop of Winchester
DATE OF BIRTH 1324
PLACE OF BIRTH Wickham , Hampshire
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1404
Place of death Winchester