Worm's bones

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Wormsche bones (marked in yellow)

Wormian bones , also known as Worm-bone ( Engl. WORMIAN bones called), are switching bones of the skull. These are small accessory bones within a skull suture. The surplus bones represent an anatomical variation and are not a malformation . Worm's bones are not clinically relevant on their own, but in some cases they may be associated with various syndromes . Examples are the very rare Hallermann-Streiff syndrome , the also very rare Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and glass bone disease ( osteogenesis imperfecta ).

Prevalence

Approximately 17% of the total population has Wormsche bones, the prevalence being strongly dependent on age. Men are more likely to have Worm bones than women. The proportion is different for individual ethnic groups . In the United States, Worm's bones are more common in the African American population than in the white population. China has the highest incidence in the world at around 80%.

description

The Wormschen bones usually occur at the lambda suture on, but are also at the bregma ( Os bregmaticum ) or at the rear end of sphenoparietale suture to find. If it is present in rare cases, then the bregmatic bone is found in the area of ​​the large fontanel . It is also called the frontoparietal bone . Typically, the Worm's bones appear more or less symmetrically on the skull. They can vary in size. Their number is usually limited to two or three. However, 172 such bones have already been found in individual skulls of adults with hydrocephalus . Worm's bones occur on sutures of the brain skull, but not on sutures of the facial skull.

Some authors only refer to accessory bones as Worm's bones that occur strictly in cranial sutures, i.e. only at the joints between two bones (e.g. interparietal bone ), but not at joints between three or more bones, such as the lambda suture. The term “fontanel bone ” is also used: in the large fontanel there may be an os bregmaticum , in the small fontanel there may be an os apicis . The Inca leg is included in the suture bones, but not in the fontanel bones.

Namesake

Worm's bones are named after the Danish anatomist Olaus Wormius (1588–1654), who discovered the multiple switching bones ( os epactale ) in the cranial sutures and described them in detail. He was mistakenly believed to be the first person to describe this type of irregular isolated suture bones (Latin: Ossa suturalia ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Roger E. Stevenson and Judith G. Hall: Human malformations and related anomalies. Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-195-16568-3 S.  Limited preview in Google Book Search
  2. ↑ CV Pryles and AJ Khan: Wormian bones. A marker of CNS abnormality? In: Am J Dis Child 133, 1979, pp. 380-382. PMID 433853
  3. ^ CT Gay et al.: Extensive wormian bones in a patient with the Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. In: J Child Neurol 5, 1990, pp. 50-51. PMID 2299139
  4. ^ BR Van den Houten et al.: The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. A review of the literature and report of 3 cases. In: Int J Oral Surg 14, 1985, pp. 113-125. PMID 3920154
  5. ↑ T. Iwaya: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. In: Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 95, 1979, pp. 293-302. PMID 547971
  6. ↑ B. Cremin et al.: Wormian bones in osteogenesis imperfecta and other disorders. In: Skeletal Radiol 8, 1982, pp. 35-38. PMID 7079781
  7. ↑ J. Fanghänel and A. Waldeyer : Anatomie des Menschen. Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 978-3-11-016561-6 , p. 196 limited preview in the Google book search

literature

Reference books
  • Charles A. Parker: Wormian Bones. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009, ISBN 1-116-23009-7 limited preview in Google Book Search
  • Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt and Ernst Heinrich Weber: Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, Volume 2. Verlag der Schulbuchhandlung, 1830, limited preview in the Google book search (full text)
Technical article
  • PA Sanchez-Lara et al .: The morphogenesis of wormian bones: a study of craniosynostosis and purposeful cranial deformation. In: Am J Med Genet A 143A, 2007, pp. 3243-3251. PMID 18000970
  • P. Jeanty et al: Prenatal diagnosis of wormian bones. In: J Ultrasound Med 19, 2000, pp. 863-869. PMID 11127012
  • M. Rubini: Size correlation in Wormian bones. In: Anthropol Anz 56, 1998, pp. 145–149. PMID 9653506

Web links

Commons : Wormsche bones  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files