Xəlil bəy Xasməmmədov

Xəlil bəy Hacıbaba oğlu Xasməmmədov , Germanized Chälil bäy Chasmämmädov (* 1875 in Elisawetpol , today Gəncə, Government of Elisavetpol, Russian Empire ; † 1947 in Istanbul , Turkey ) was an Azerbaijani politician, diplomat and statesman.

Career

Xasməmmədov was born into a family of lawyers in what was then Elisawetpol. There he graduated from the men's high school. In 1895 he completed a law degree at Lomonosov University in Moscow . During this time, Xasməmmədov began to become politically active, with the famous Crimean Tatar intellectual Ismail Gazprinsky having a great influence on his political views. After graduating from college, he worked as a lawyer in district courts in Yekaterinador (now Krasnodar ) and Gəncə.

Political career

After the Russian Revolution in 1905 and the violent clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in Baku , Nakhichevan and Shushi , Xasməmmədov and his brother Alakbar helped found the secret radical-nationalist association “Difai” (Defense). Its founders also included Nəsib bəy Yusifbəyli and Əhm Ad bəy Ağayev, the later statesmen of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (DRA). The declared aim was to defend against the attacks by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation .

Xasməmmədov was a member of the first and second Russian Duma . In a speech in November 1911, he criticized the discriminatory practice against Azerbaijanis and other Caucasus Muslims, who were deliberately kept away from military service in the Imperial Russian Army and charged with a special tax. As a member of the Müsavat party , he later campaigned for Azerbaijan's extensive political autonomy within the Russian Empire.

At the first general meeting of Müsavat in late October 1917, Xasməmmədov was elected to the board and represented the Azerbaijani delegation in the Transcaucasian Sejm until the DRA was founded on May 28, 1918. He was one of the signatories of the DRA's declaration of independence in Tbilisi .

Plaque on the facade of the building in Gəncə where Xasməmmədov was born

During the short period of existence (1918–1920) of the DRA, Xasməmmədov held ministerial posts in four of the five cabinets of the Azerbaijani government. Among other things, he was the country's first Minister of Justice (May 28 - June 17, 1918), Minister of the Interior from December 26, 1918 to June 16, 1919, and again Minister of Justice in the last 5th Cabinet between December 24, 1919 and April 1, 1920 Shortly after his release, Xasməmmədov was appointed Ambassador of Azerbaijan to Turkey.

After the dissolution of the DRA and the establishment of Soviet power , he fled to Tbilisi together with Fətəli Xan Xoyski , where he was attacked and seriously injured by Aram Erkanjan and Misak Kirakosjan, two Armenian assassins, in June 1920. Xoyski, on the other hand, was killed. After this assassination attempt, Xasməmmədov fled to Turkey and spent the rest of his life in Istanbul, where he died in 1947. He was buried in the Feriköy cemetery.

Literature and individual references

↑ Dilqəm Əhməd: Bir ildən yüz ilə . TEAS Press, Baku 2018, ISBN 978-9952-31-047-4 , pp. 55 .
↑ Sevda İsmayıllı: Tənha Cümhuriyyətçi… In: Radio Free. May 24, 2010, accessed September 11, 2019 (Azerbaijani).
^ Tadeusz Swietochowski: Russia and Azerbaijan: A borderland in transition . Colombia University Press, New York 1995, ISBN 0-231-07068-3 , pp. 40 .
↑ Tomohiko Uyama: Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia . Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University 2007, ISBN 4-938637-42-1 , pp. 52 .
↑ Агамалиева Н .: Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика (1918-1920 гг.) . Издательство "Еlm", Баку 1998, ISBN 5-8066-0897-2 , p. 316 .
↑ Watt, Donald Cameron; Bourne, Kenneth; Great Britain Foreign Office: British documents on foreign affairs: Reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From the First to the Second World War. The Soviet Union, 1917-1939 . University Publications of America, Lanham, Maryland 1984, ISBN 0-89093-601-3 , pp. 3 .
↑ 19 июня 1920 года - убийство Фатали хан Хойского. June 16, 2015, Retrieved September 11, 2019 (Russian).

personal data
SURNAME	Xasməmmədov, Xəlil bəy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Xasməmmədov, Xəlil bəy Hacıbaba oğlu; Chasmämädov, Chälil bäy
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Azerbaijani politician, diplomat and statesman
DATE OF BIRTH	1875
PLACE OF BIRTH	Elisawetpol (today Gəncə ), Elisavetpol Governorate, Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH	1947
Place of death	Istanbul , Turkey

[1] Dilqəm Əhməd: Bir ildən yüz ilə . TEAS Press, Baku 2018, ISBN 978-9952-31-047-4 , pp. 55 .

[2] Sevda İsmayıllı: Tənha Cümhuriyyətçi… In: Radio Free. May 24, 2010, accessed September 11, 2019 (Azerbaijani).

[3] Tadeusz Swietochowski: Russia and Azerbaijan: A borderland in transition . Colombia University Press, New York 1995, ISBN 0-231-07068-3 , pp. 40 .

[4] Tomohiko Uyama: Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia . Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University 2007, ISBN 4-938637-42-1 , pp. 52 .

[5] Агамалиева Н .: Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика (1918-1920 гг.) . Издательство "Еlm", Баку 1998, ISBN 5-8066-0897-2 , p. 316 .

[6] Watt, Donald Cameron; Bourne, Kenneth; Great Britain Foreign Office: British documents on foreign affairs: Reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From the First to the Second World War. The Soviet Union, 1917-1939 . University Publications of America, Lanham, Maryland 1984, ISBN 0-89093-601-3 , pp. 3 .

[7] 19 июня 1920 года - убийство Фатали хан Хойского. June 16, 2015, Retrieved September 11, 2019 (Russian).