Xenoandrogens

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Xenoandrogens are a loose group of artificial substances that have a structure similar to the human steroid hormone testosterone and are released into the environment through industrial emissions. Are mentioned z. B. nicotinamides and tributyltin , triphenyltin and methyltestosterone .

Xenoandrogens released into the environment could have harmful effects on animals and humans. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) that were exposed to long-term low concentrations of xenoandrogens and xenoestrogens suffered genetic damage. In mollusks, tributyltin and methyltestosterone caused an imposex (appearance of male sexual characteristics in females). In a study with Europeans and Inuit who were exposed to different levels of xenoandrogens in their environment, DNA damage in sperm could have been caused.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Efferth: Molecular pharmacology and toxicology: Biological foundations of drugs and poisons . Springer DE, September 25, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-21223-2 , p. 230 (accessed November 26, 2012).
  2. ↑ a b J. Micael, MA Reis-Henriques, AP Carvalho, MM Santos: Genotoxic effects of binary mixtures of xenoandrogens (tributyltin, triphenyltin) and a xenoestrogen (ethinylestradiol) in a partial life-cycle test with zebrafish (Danio rerio). In: Environment International . Volume 33, Number 8, November 2007, pp. 1035-1039, doi : 10.1016 / j.envint.2007.06.004 . PMID 17631965 .
  3. ^ A b G. Janer, GA Leblanc, C. Porte: Androgen metabolism in invertebrates and its modulation by xenoandrogens: a comparative study. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 1040, April 2005,. 354-356, doi : 10.1196 / annals.1327.060 . PMID 15891060 (Review).
  4. ↑ T. Krüger, PS Hjelmborg, BA Jönsson, L. Hagmar, A. Giwercman, GC Manicardi, D. Bizzaro, M. Spanò, A. Rignell-Hydbom, HS Pedersen, G. Toft, JP Bonde, EC Bonefeld-Jørgensen : Xenoandrogenic activity in serum differs across European and Inuit populations. In: Environmental health perspectives. Volume 115 Suppl 1, December 2007, pp. 21-27, doi : 10.1289 / ehp.9353 . PMID 18174946 , PMC 2174397 (free full text).
  5. ↑ M. Long, A. Stronati, D. Bizzaro, T. Krüger, GC Manicardi, PS Hjelmborg, M. Spanò, A. Giwercman, G. Toft, JP Bonde, EC Bonefeld-Jorgensen: Relation between serum xenobiotic-induced receptor activities and sperm DNA damage and sperm apoptotic markers in European and Inuit populations. In: Reproduction. Volume 133, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 517-530, doi : 10.1530 / REP-06-0195 . PMID 17307920 .