Xenostrobus securis

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Xenostrobus securis
Xenostrobus securis (from Angas, 1871: Plate 1, Fig. 33 [1])

Xenostrobus securis (from Angas, 1871: Plate 1, Fig. 33)

Systematics
Order : Mytiloida
Superfamily : Mytiloidea
Family : Blue mussels (Mytilidae)
Subfamily : incertae sedis
Genre : Xenostrobus
Type : Xenostrobus securis
Scientific name
Xenostrobus securis
( Lamarck , 1819)
Xenostrobus securis , juvenile specimen with the zigzag pattern (from Reeve 1857-58: Modiola plate 8, fig. 40)

Xenostrobus securis is a shell - type from the family of mussels (Mytilidae). The original range of the species was Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It was introduced into the Italian Adriatic and the French Mediterranean coast in the 1980s, probably with mussel brood when breeding oysters were introduced. It probably came to Japan in a similar way.

features

The housing , which has the same flaps and is inflated in the middle , is about 20 to 30 mm long, in exceptional cases up to 47 mm. It is significantly longer than it is tall. The height / length ratio is 0.59, the width / length ratio 0.35. The housing is roughly trapezoidal (modioliform) in outline. The vertebrae are almost at the front edge of the housing, so the housing is very unequal. The dorsal edge rises straight or even slightly concave to the highest point of the housing (about a third from the rear end). It then drops with a slight curve or almost straight to the rounded rear end. The ventral margin is straight to concave, especially adult, large specimens have a clearly concave ventral margin. The front end is tightly rounded. A weak keel extends from the vertebra to the lower rear end. The ligament is external, the lock is almost toothless, apart from a small knot-like protrusion below the vertebra.

Smooth sculpture. The inner edge of the case is smooth. The shell is brown in adult specimens. Juvenile specimens have a pale yellow zigzag pattern. The inside is usually purple, white below the keel extending from the vertebra. The periostracum is smooth and not extended into bristles or hairs; the surface is shiny. There are extendable siphons.

Similar Art

The species is very similar to the related Xenostrobus pulex (Lamarck, 1819), a species from South Australia. It differs from this one by the brown color above the umbonal keel, below the keel the color is much lighter. The latter type is more elongated and more bloated (greater aspect ratio). In addition, the vertebra is at the anterior edge, whereas in Xenostrobus securis it is somewhat separated from the anterior edge. In addition, Xenostrobus pulex is an obligatory marine species.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The original distribution area of Xenostrobus securis are the estuaries and estuaries of Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand, where the salinity is very low over a long period of time. The species lives exclusively in brackish water, but has a high salinity tolerance of 1 ‰ to 31 ‰.

It was first detected on the Italian Adriatic coast in 1992, and a little later on the French Mediterranean coast. In 2007 it was found on the coast of Galicia (northwestern Spain). Presumably it came to Galicia with brood mussels from southern France. At an undisclosed point in time, she was also abducted to Japan.

The animals are attached to hard substrates, stones, wood or oyster shells with byssus and form large colonies with a high density of individuals. You will max. two years old.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1819 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck under the original binomial Modiola securis . The species is generally recognized as belonging to the genus Xenostrobus Wilson, 1967. Synonyms are: Limnoperna fortunei kikuchii Habe, 1981, Modiola fluviatilis Hutton, 1878, Modiola nitens Gould & Carpenter, 1857, Modiola vexillum Reeve, 1857 and Perna confusa Angas, 1871.

literature

  • Argyro Zenetos, Serge Gofas, Giovanni Russo, José Templado: CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol.3 Mollusca. CIESM (Frédéric Briand, ed.), Monaco, 2003 ISBN 92-990003-3-6 (p. 228/229, text online )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ George French Angas: Descriptions of thirty-four new species of shells from Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1871: 13-21, London 1871 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 21 as Perna confusa ) Plate 1 Fig. 33
  2. ^ Lovell Augustus Reeve: Conchologia iconica, or, Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 10 (London, Reeve Brothers, 1857-58 online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (Modiola Plate 8, Fig. 40) (as Modiola vexillum )).
  3. ↑ a b c Taeko Kimura, Hideo Sekiguchi: Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of the exotic mytilid Xenostrobus securis and the native mytilid Musculista senhousia in the Lake Hamana, Japan. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: e89, 2009 doi : 10.1017 / S175526720900102X PDF (ResearchGate)
  4. ↑ Barry R.Wilson: A new generic name for three recent and one fossil species of Mytilidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in southern Australasia with re-descriptions of the species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 37: 279-295, London 1967 doi : 10.1093 / oxfordjournals.mollus.a064995
  5. ^ ME Garci, JE Trigo, S. Pascual, AF González, F. Rocha, A. Guerra: Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck, 1819) (Mollusca: Bivalvia): first report of an introduced species in Galician waters. Aquaculture international, Journal of the European Aquaculture Society, 15: 19–24, 2007 doi : 10.1007 / s10499-006-9062-1 PDF (ResearchGate)
  6. ↑ Barry R. Wilson: Survival and reproduction of the mussel Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck) (Mollusca; Bivalvia; Mytilidae) in a Western Australian estuary. Pt. II: Reproduction, growth and longevity. Journal of Natural History, 3 (1): 93-120, 1969 doi : 10.1080 / 00222936900770111
  7. ↑ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Volume 6, 252 p., Self-published by the author, Paris 1819 Online at Google books (p. 113)
  8. ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck, 1819)