Yvonne Picard

Yvonne Picard (* 1920 in Athens , † 1943 in Auschwitz ) was a French philosopher .

Life

Yvonne Picard was a daughter of the archaeologist Charles Picard (1883-1965) and a sister of the archaeologist Gilbert Charles-Picard . She was friends with Bianca Lamblin (née Bienenfeld; 1921–2011) and known Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre . From 1941 she was a member of the Socialisme et liberté group and later in the communist resistance ( Résistance ). She was arrested by the Nazis on May 18, 1942 and taken to Auschwitz on January 24, 1943 together with 230 other women of the resistance, where she perished in 1943.

plant

The only work she has survived is the thesis "Le temps chez Husserl et chez Heidegger", written in 1941, published posthumously by Jean Weil in the first issue of the magazine "Deucalion" (1946). Even before Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, in 1941 she took on the central theme of the time for Husserl and Heidegger . Her groundbreaking theses are:

1. The Husserlian view of time is not affected by Heidegger's criticism
2. Husserl's conception of time can be interpreted as a dialectical theory of time
3. This has consequences for the conception of intentionality and space in Husserl and Heidegger
4. Temporality is a category of reflexivity, not one of immediacy.

Picard takes both Husserl's phenomenology of inner time-consciousness further by showing that the duality of the past in Husserl ( retention and reproduction ) must also have the consequence of a dual present. And she criticizes Heidegger's conception of the time of running to death by showing that the "l'instant de la mort" (later discussed by Blanchot and taken up by Derrida ) is unthinkable in terms of philosophy. In the context of her Heidegger criticism, Picard also uses the term "être-au-monde", later outlined by Merleau-Ponty, instead of Heidegger's being-in-the-world. Emmanuel Lévinas described Yvonne Picard in 1987 as "singulière" both in her time and now.

literature

• Yvonne Picard: Le temps chez Husserl et chez Heidegger , in: Deucalion 1, 1946, pp. 93-124.
• Emmanuel Lévinas: Yvonne Picard , in: La liberté de l'esprit 16, 198, pp. 277ff.
• Lilian Alweiss: The World Unclaimed. A Challenge to Heidegger's Critique of Husserl . Athens / Ohio 2003
• Kurt Röttgers : Picard, Yvonne , in: The French philosophy in the 20th century. WBG, Darmstadt 2009, pp. 280–281.