Zeiss-Dywidag shell construction

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Jena Planetarium (1926). The only six centimeters thick concrete shell of the planetarium dome has a diameter of 25 meters.
The large wind tunnel in 1935. The wall thickness is only 8 cm.
The listed Zeiss Building 23 in Jena is the location of the pharmaceutical company Jenapharm. The column-free space, approx. 85 meters long and almost 18 meters wide, is spanned by a shell construction that is only 6 cm thick.

The Zeiss-Dywidag shell construction , also known as the Zeiss-Dywidag method or Zeiss-Dywidag system , is the forerunner of today's shotcrete method for engineering structures made of shotcrete according to DIN 18551. It was developed from 1922 by the German civil engineer Franz Dischinger and the physicist Walther Bauersfeld developed and patented in January 1924 by the company Zeiss as a purlin-free reinforced concrete barrel roof . On July 8, 1926, the patent claims were met as DRP 431,629 by the Reich Patent Office .

In the process, a stable grid structure is first created, which is reinforced by a close-meshed wire mesh. The concrete is then applied using the dry spray method (Torkret method). The diamond-shaped grid network serves as a falsework and was initially concreted in as reinforcement for the first buildings . Later, the network was only used as formwork scaffolding and was then reusable.

The shell principle was u. a. used in the construction of the large wind tunnel in the Aerodynamic Park in today's science city and technology center Berlin-Adlershof, the dome of the Zeiss Planetarium Jena , the barrel vault of the Großmarkthalle Frankfurt and the roof of Zeiss Building 23 . In the USA it was distributed by Anton Tedesko , whom Dywidag sent there in 1932, but who also developed the shell construction there independently.

literature

  • Günther Ruffert: Shotcrete. Beton-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-7640-0282-4 .
  • Bernhard Maidl u. a .: Handbook for shotcrete. Ernst, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-433-01196-6 .
  • Kleinlogel: The shell vaults of the Großmarkthalle Frankfurt aM in: Beton und Eisen, Book I, Berlin 1928, p. 25
  • Franz-Ferdinand von Falkenhausen, Otto Haueis, Ute Leonhardt, Otto Wiegand, Wolfgang Wimmer: Carl Zeiss in Jena 1846 to 1946 , Sutton Verlag GmbH, 2004
  • Doris Weilandt: Jenapharm - Architektur & Kunst am Bau , Verlag Vopelius Jena, 2009
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures: From Arch Analysis to Computational Mechanics , John Wiley & Sons, 2012

Web links

Commons : Shotcrete  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl-Eugen Kurrer: History of structural engineering: In search of balance , Ernst & Sohn, 2nd edition, 2015, ISBN 9783433031346
  2. ^ Specialist journal Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 107 (2012) Issue 6, p. 416 (or p. 86 at issuu.com), Verlag Ernst & Sohn; accessed in December 2016