Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Amendment to the Constitution of the United States (English. Amend ment to the United States Constitution ) are constitutional amendments by the US Congress decided, and at least three-quarters of the states ratified have been. After the constitution was ratified in 1788, 27 amendments were added to the constitution. Since the passage of the first ten articles as the Bill of Rights, there has been a tradition of making all constitutional amendments through amendments and not changing the original text. The wording of the original constitution, which consists of seven articles, is now the same as when it was passed. However, in order to increase the legibility of the current constitution, those sections that have been replaced or changed by the additional articles are usually marked in a special way when printing.

List of additional articles

No.	year	Summary
1.	1791	Separation of church and state , freedom of religion , freedom of expression , freedom of the press , freedom of assembly and the right to petition
2.		State right to own local militias and the right of the people to own and carry weapons
3.		No billeting of soldiers in private buildings in peacetime without the consent of the owner, or in wartime only in accordance with the law
4th		Protection of person, home, papers and property from arbitrary search, arrest and seizure; Search, seizure and arrest requirements
5.		in criminal proceedings, indictments by major juries with the exception of members of the armed forces and the National Guard; no re-trial after acquittal or lawful conviction in relation to the same offense and prohibition of repeated punishment for the same crime; Right to refuse to testify ; no deprivation of life, liberty, or property without first due due process under the laws of the United States; no expropriation without compensation
6th		Right to a speedy and public trial before a jury in criminal proceedings; Right to information about the nature and reasons of the complaint; Right of the accused to be confronted with incriminating witnesses; Right to consult witnesses for the defense; Right to a lawyer
7th		Right to jury in civil proceedings; Prohibition for federal and US state courts from re-examining facts found by jury courts at a later date
8th.		Prohibition of excessive deposits and fines as well as cruel and unusual penalties
9.		no denial or restriction of rights of the people not listed in the constitution
10.		all power that is constitutionally not given to the federal government or not withdrawn from the states rests either with the states or with the citizens.
11.	1795	Citizens' right to sue against foreign individual states restricted
12.	1804	separate election of President and Vice-President
13.	1865	A fundamental prohibition of slavery throughout the United States, as well as the prohibition of forced labor except as a punishment for a crime based on a lawful judgment
14th	1868	Definition of US citizen and federal citizen; no state restrictions on privileges and immunities of US citizens; no deprivation of life, liberty, or property without prior due process by the state laws and regulations; no denial of the equal protection of the law by the states; Assignment of representatives in Congress; Regulations Regarding the Confederate States of America and their Servants after the Civil War
15th	1870	no restriction or denial of the right to vote based on race, skin color or former enslavement
16.	1913	A general federal income tax can be levied
17th		Direct election of the senators by the citizens
18th	1919	Prohibition of alcohol trafficking - Prohibition began in the United States
19th	1920	Introduction of women's suffrage
20th	1933	shorter period between elections and taking office, succession arrangements
21st		Repeal of the 18th Amendment - End of Prohibition in the United States
22nd	1951	Limitation of the President's term of office to two terms
23.	1961	Participation of the District of Columbia in presidential elections
24.	1964	no withdrawal of voting rights due to tax debts
25th	1967	Succession arrangements in the event of the President's death or incapacity
26th	1971	Lowering the voting age to 18 years
27.	1992	Diet increases will only take effect after the next election

literature

• John J. Patrick, Richard M. Pious, Donald A. Ritchie: The Oxford Guide to the United States Government. Oxford University Press, New York 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-514273-0 , pp. 18-21 (= Amendments, Constitutional ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Revolutionary War and Beyond: The First Ten Amendments or The Bill of Rights. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
2. ^ Revolutionary War and Beyond: The 7th Amendment. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
3. ^ Ian Ayres: Pregnant with Embarrassments: An Incomplete Theory of the Seventh Amendment. 1991. p. 387. Retrieved July 29, 2011.