Hans Zimmer

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Hans Zimmer (disambiguation) .

Hans Zimmer (2018)

Hans Florian Zimmer (born September 12, 1957 in Frankfurt am Main ) is a German film composer , arranger and music producer . He works in Hollywood .

He has been nominated eleven times for an Oscar , fourteen times for the Golden Globe Award and eleven times for the Grammy Award . He received his first Oscar nomination in 1989 for the film Rain Man . In 1995 he was awarded an Oscar for the film music for The Lion King . In 2010 he got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2011 a star followed on the Boulevard der Stars in Berlin . Zimmer was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class in 2018 . Hans Zimmer's soundtrack albums sold more than 25.4 million copies worldwide .

life and career

Origin and education

Zimmer was born in Frankfurt am Main as the son of the chemical entrepreneur Hans J. Zimmer . His parents were Jewish, his mother was in 1939 before the Nazis fled to England. In 1999, Zimmer declared at a press conference on the Holocaust documentary The Last Days that he was Jewish.

As a child, Hans Zimmer learned to play the piano in his parents' house, in the Villa Gans in Kronberg , although he only had a piano teacher for a short time because he did not want to submit to his discipline regarding the basic rules for a pianist. In the Harald Schmidt Show on February 15, 2002, when asked whether he had music lessons, he replied: “Yes, I had that for a week. This was so, either I would have killed the teacher or he would have killed me. "He made the English boarding school Hurtwood House in Dorking , Surrey , High School and played synthesizer in groups like Krisma and heroes (with the drummer of Ultravox , Warren Cann ). He did not go through any academic musical training.

Years in England

At the end of the 1970s, Hans Zimmer was the composer of commercial music jingles and worked on the modular synthesizer in the video clip of the Buggles hit Video Killed the Radio Star . He composed advertising and radio jingles in the London studio Air Edel . There he met the well-known English film music composer Stanley Myers , whose assistant he became in 1980. Zimmer learned a lot from him about composing for an orchestra. Through this collaboration he got his first small composition commissions for film music. In the late 1980s he drew attention to himself by setting films like Rain Man to music .

Hollywood

Zimmer became best known in the early 1990s for his innovative combination of orchestral and synthesizer sounds . With Ridley Scott's Black Rain and Ron Howard's Backdraft - Men Who Go Through Fire, he created a new style of setting action films to music. Backdraft , in particular, is considered a milestone in film music history: Zimmer's decision to set the film to music with a so-called "wall-to-wall score", in other words to underlay the majority of the film with music, created the prototype for many action film scores that will then be released in Hollywood were produced. The style, which is roughly based on a powerful main theme, rhythmic action motifs and more gentle passages for the two main characters (portrayed by Kurt Russell and William Baldwin ), can be found in numerous later film scores.

Hans Zimmer (December 2010)

Together with his partner Jay Rifkin , he founded the film music studio Media Ventures in the mid-1980s . In 2003, Zimmer took over the business with his company Remote Control Productions after a legal battle with Rifkin . Remote Control is a kind of talent factory that also includes several other film music composers, such as B. Steve Jablonsky , James Dooley , Heitor Pereira and Geoff Zanelli work. Well-known former remote control composers include Klaus Badelt , John Powell , Nick Glennie-Smith , Mark Mancina and Harry Gregson-Williams .

After completing the work on Illuminati , Zimmer planned to give a few concerts, but this could only be achieved to a limited extent, as he accepted new orders. In an interview with the website Amazona.de he said that most of the directors he works with are his friends, so it is difficult for him to turn down an assignment from them.

In 2016, Zimmer finally went on a major tour through Europe with an orchestra of 70 musicians. Various of his soundtracks were played live in front of an audience, combined with short stories from Zimmer, etc. a. on the death of Heath Ledger in 2008, who died shortly after the filming of The Dark Knight . The live tour premiered on April 6, 2016 at Wembley Arena in London . The tour ended on June 5, 2016 with a concert in the ancient theater of Orange . Johnny Marr accompanied Zimmer at a few selected concerts in London, Berlin, Prague, Manchester, Dublin and Orange on the electric guitar . Zimmer received a lot of attention after his concert on April 22nd, 2016 in the König-Pilsener-Arena in Oberhausen , when he played his title Purple Rain after Prince's death .

In 2017, Zimmer was on a live tour again, for the first time in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. The concert tour began on April 14, 2017 at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles and ended on October 7, 2017 at the Seoul Olympic Stadium .

Zimmer now lives and works in Los Angeles and is one of the most successful and influential film composers in Hollywood history .

In 2018, Hans Zimmer was nominated for an Oscar for the eleventh time.

Social Commitment

In the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue 2008, Hans Zimmer was active as an ambassador in Germany. The aim of the European Commission's campaign was to inform people in all 27 EU countries about the benefits of diversity and to inspire them to engage in intercultural exchange.

In response to the attack in Aurora in July 2012, he published the composition "Aurora". All proceeds should be donated to the victims and their families.

Private

Hans Zimmer is married to Suzanne Zimmer for the second time and has four children. He filed for divorce in April 2020.

style

Zimmer's Star on the Boulevard of Stars (2011)

The use of ethnic instruments such as B. the duduk in Gladiator (played by the Armenian duduk player Djivan Gasparyan ), flutes in Rangoon - In the Heart of the Storm or Taikos in Last Samurai , is one of his trademarks. This also includes compositions with African influences, such as B. Two worlds , In the shine of the sun , The Lion King and Black Hawk Down , but also music for comedies like Better it goes not or tricks or the action film The Dark Knight Rises . He works regularly with directors Ridley Scott , James L. Brooks , Gore Verbinski , Penny Marshall and Christopher Nolan . Hans Zimmer himself describes Ennio Morricone as his great idol.

Zimmer often works with the same musicians. A guitar by Heitor Pereira or a cello by Martin Tillman is played in many pieces of music .

Long before filming began, Zimmer usually composed suites that contained all the essential components of the later film music. Towards the end of production, the suites serve as the basis for the music that is written directly to the image. But the suites themselves are mostly used in the film and on the soundtrack. For example, tracks 9 to 13 from the soundtrack for The Da Vinci Code are the suite written by Zimmer. Zimmer explains this way of working in an interview as follows:

“I've been thinking about how I've been working lately. Writing things in advance of filming is the better way. Film technology has changed so much in recent years, especially due to computer effects, that it is now possible to change something in the film at the last minute. I think the old way of waiting for the film to be finished and then writing and recording the music for the last six to twelve weeks, or whatever, doesn't work these days. So it makes sense to write some of the music before these twelve weeks. That gives you and the filmmakers something to work with while you think about the music to the picture. This may give you more control over the style of the film. You can also solve these annoying temp-track problems in this way. "

- Hans Zimmer (translated from English)

Often other composers help Zimmer with his music, especially towards the end of the film production, by orchestrating, arranging or composing parts for him based on his suites and musical ideas. This collaborative way of working is controversial among some film music fans, but not entirely uncommon in Hollywood. Rupert Gregson-Williams says the following in an interview:

“Hans is an icon, and in my opinion many of the criticisms aimed at the whole Media Ventures set up are totally unfounded. The first most common misconception is that, to be blunt, everyone else does the work of writing themes, while Hans takes all the credit. Well, I spent three months working with Hans in Los Angeles on various scenes for The Prince of Egypt - the sandstorm sequence where Moses is awoken by a camel, and the death of the firstborn sequence - and all the themes there were written by Hans. My job was to take the thematic content that Hans had come up with, and work it into my own music for the scene. There was a lot of discussion, a lot of debate about the contextual meaning behind the film and how the music relates to that, but the ultimate driving force was Hans. Just to be able to see him at work, being creative, and being in that atmosphere was wonderful. Plus, Hans is a phenomenal orchestrator. That's something people don't realize. "

“Hans is an icon and - in my opinion - most of the criticism against Media Ventures is completely unfounded. The most common misconception is that everyone is working on the issues while Hans gets the fame for it. Well, I worked with Hans in Los Angeles for three months on different scenes for 'The Prince of Egypt' - the sandstorm sequence in which Moses is woken up by a camel and the scene with the death of the firstborn - and all the subjects were written by Hans. It was my job to take the thematic content from Hans and work it into my pieces for the scene. There was a lot of discussion and talk about the contextual meaning behind the film and how the music relates to it, but the driving force behind it was Hans. Watching him just once at work, being creative and being in this atmosphere for once was wonderful. Hans is also a phenomenal orchestrator. This is something that people don't understand. "

- Rupert Gregson-Williams

Hans Zimmer not only composes, but also takes on the execution as the responsible music producer for films, such as in 2006 for Ab durch die Hecke and 2015 for Terminator: Genisys .

Works

Filmography (selection)

1987 and earlier Additional music for Stanley Myers and musicians on the synthesizer in several films Castaway - The Island (Castaway) 1988 Burning Secret (Burning Secret) Rain Man Paperhouse - Nightmares Come True ( Paperhouse , together with Stanley Myers ) Maniac City ( Nightmare at Noon , together with Stanley Myers ) Two Worlds (A World Apart) A man like Taffin ( Taffin , shared with Stanley Myers ) The Nature of the Beast (together with Stanley Myers ) The Chaotic Spies ( Spies Inc. , together with Fiachra Trench ) The Fruit Machine - Rendezvous with a Killer (The Fruit Machine) 1989 Black Rain Miss Daisy and her chauffeur (Driving Miss Daisy) Death and Desire (Diamond Skulls) 1990 Chicago Joe and the Showgirl ( Chicago Joe and the Showgirl , together with Shirley Walker ) Green Card - sham marriage with obstacles (Green Card) Alien Shadows (Pacific Heights) Fools of Fortune (Fools of Fortune) Twister - Not a normal family (Twister) Days of Thunder (Days of Thunder) Bird on a Wire (Bird on a Wire) 1991 Thelma & Louise Regarding Henry (Regarding Henry) Backdraft - men who go through fire (backdraft) K2 - The Final Adventure (K2) 1992 Toys Flight into Adventure (Radio Flyer) Sleeping Dogs - Diary of a Murderer ( Where Sleeping Dogs Lie , together with Mark Mancina ) A class by itself (A League of Their Own) In the shine of the sun (The Power of One) 1993 Younger and Younger The Haunted House (The House of the Spirits) True romance Code name: Nina (Point of No Return) Calendar girl Cool Runnings - Being there is everything ( Cool Runnings , together with Nick Glennie-Smith ) 1994 Drop zone Are you going to Hollywood here? (I'll Do Anything) Mr. Bill (Renaissance Man) The Lion King (The Lion King) 1995 Nine Months Rangoon - In the Heart of the Storm (Beyond Rangoon) Crimson Tide - In Deepest Danger (Crimson Tide) Two deaths Power of Love ( Something to Talk About , with Graham Preskett ) 1996 Rendezvous with an Angel (The Preacher's Wife) The Fan Muppets - The Treasure Island (Muppet Treasure Island) The Rock ( The Rock , together with Nick Glennie-Smith and Harry Gregson-Williams ) Operation: Broken Arrow (Broken Arrow) 1997 It couldn't be better (As Good as it Gets) Project: Peacemaker (The Peacemaker) Miss Smilla's Sense of Snow ( Smilla's Sense of Snow , together with Harry Gregson-Williams ) 1998 The Thin Red Line (The Thin Red Line) The Prince of Egypt (The Prince of Egypt) The last days (The Last Days) 1999 Chill Factor ( The Chill Factor , together with John Powell ) 2000 With or Without - What Men Should Have (An Everlasting Piece) Mission: Impossible II Gladiator (in cooperation with Lisa Gerrard ) The Road to El Dorado ( The Road to El Dorado , together with John Powell ) 2001 Black Hawk Down On the way with boys ( Riding in Cars with Boys , together with Heitor Pereira ) Pearl Harbor Hannibal The Pledge ( The Pledge , together with Klaus Badelt ) Invincible - Invincible ( Invincible , together with Klaus Badelt ) 2002 Ring (the ring) Spirit - Der wilde Mustang (Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron)

2003 Last Samurai (The Last Samurai) What your heart desires ( Something's Gotta Give , together with several other composers) Tricks (Matchstick Men) Tears of the Sun (Tears of the Sun) Pirates of the Caribbean ( Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl , composed by Klaus Badelt , produced by room) 2004 Spanglish Lauras Stern (together with Nick Glennie-Smith ) Big Sharks - Small Fish (Shark Tale) King Arthur Thunderbirds (in cooperation with Ramin Djawadi ) The Ring 2 2005 The Weather Man (together with James S. Levine ) Little Polar Bear 2 - The Mysterious Island (together with Nick Glennie-Smith ) Madagascar (together with James Dooley and Heitor Pereira ) Batman Begins (together with James Newton Howard ) 2006 Love doesn't need a vacation (The Holiday) Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man's Chest The Da Vinci Code (The Da Vinci Code) 2007 The Simpsons - The Movie (The Simpsons Movie) Pirates of the Caribbean : At World's End The sound of the heart ( August Rush , together with Mark Mancina ) 2008 Casi Divas Kung Fu Panda (together with John Powell ) The Dark Knight (together with James Newton Howard ) The Burning Plain (The Burning Plain) Madagascar 2 Frost / Nixon 2009 Illuminati (Angels and Demons) Transformers - Revenge ( Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen , additional music) Sherlock Holmes If love were so easy ( It's Complicated , together with Heitor Pereira ) 2010 Henri 4 Inception The Pacific ( miniseries ) (together with Geoff Zanelli and Blake Neely ) Megamind (in cooperation with Lorne Balfe ) I - Despicable ( Despicable Me , score producer) How Do You Know ? (How Do You Know?) 2011 Biggest Friends ( The Dilemma , together with Lorne Balfe ) Rango Pirates of the Caribbean - On Stranger Tides ( Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides , together with Rodrigo y Gabriela ) Kung Fu Panda 2 (together with John Powell ) Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows 2012 Madagascar 3: Escape through Europe (Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted) The Dark Knight Rises 2013 The Bible (miniseries, together with Lorne Balfe) Man of Steel Lone Ranger (The Lone Ranger) Mr. Morgan's Last Love Rush - Everything for Victory (Rush) 12 years a slave 2014 Winter's Tale (in cooperation with Rupert Gregson-Williams ) The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro ( The Amazing Spider-Man 2 , together with Pharrell Williams ) Son of God (in cooperation with Lorne Balfe ) Interstellar The Destiny - Divergent ( Divergent , Score Producer) 2015 Die Frau in Gold ( Woman in Gold , together with Martin Phipps ) Chappie The Little Prince (The Little Prince) 2016 Kung Fu Panda 3 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (Score Producer) Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (collaborated with Junkie XL ) inferno Hidden Figures - Unrecognized Heroines ( Hidden Figures together with Pharrell Williams ) 2017 The boss baby Dunkirk Blade Runner 2049 2018 Believer Widows - Deadly Widows (Widows) 2019 X-Men: Dark Phoenix (Dark Phoenix) The Lion King (The Lion King)

Video games

• 2009: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (together with Lorne Balfe )
• 2011: Crysis 2 (together with Lorne Balfe, Tilman Sillescu and Borislav Slavov )
• 2011: Skylanders Spyro's Adventure (together with Lorne Balfe)
• 2013: Beyond: Two Souls (production; music by Lorne Balfe and Normand Corbeil )
• 2016: Arena of Valor
• 2018: Bless Online (together with Lorne Balfe )
• 2018: FIFA 19 - The Journey - Champions (together with Lorne Balfe)

Awards and nominations (selection)

Awards

Academy Awards

• 1995 : The Lion King

Grammy Awards

• 1995 : The Lion King
• 1996 : Crimson Tide - In deepest danger
• 2009 : The Dark Knight

Golden Globe Award

• 1995 : The Lion King
• 2001 : Gladiator

Satellite Awards

• 1999 : the fine line
• 2001 : Gladiator
• 2004 : Last Samurai
• 2010 : Inception

Nominations

Academy Awards

• 1989 : Rain Man
• 1997 : Rendezvous with an angel
• 1998 : It couldn't be better
• 1999 : The Prince of Egypt
• 1999: the fine line
• 2001 : Gladiator
• 2010 : Sherlock Holmes
• 2011 : Inception
• 2015 : Interstellar
• 2018 : Dunkirk

Grammy Awards

• 1991 : Miss Daisy and her chauffeur
• 2001 : Gladiator
• 2007 : Pirates of the Caribbean 2
• 2007: The Da Vinci Code - The Da Vinci Code
• 2011: Sherlock Holmes
• 2011 : Inception
• 2013 : The Dark Knight Rises
• 2020 : The Lion King

BAFTA Awards

• 1992: Thelma & Louise
• 1995: The Lion King
• 2001: Gladiator
• 2009 : The Dark Knight
• 2011: Inception
• 2015: Interstellar
• 2018 : Blade Runner 2049 (together with Benjamin Wallfisch )
• 2018: Dunkirk

Golden Globe Award

• 1999 : The Prince of Egypt
• 2002 : Pearl Harbor
• 2003 : Spirit - Der wilde Mustang (nominated for best song)
• 2004 : Last Samurai
• 2005 : Spanglish
• 2007 : The Da Vinci Code - The Da Vinci Code
• 2009 : Frost / Nixon
• 2011 : Inception
• 2014 : 12 Years a Slave
• 2015 : Interstellar
• 2017 : Hidden Figures - Unrecognized Heroines (together with Pharrell Williams and Benjamin Wallfisch )
• 2018 : Dunkirk

Satellite Awards

• 2002 : Hannibal
• 2006 : The Da Vinci Code - The Da Vinci Code

Awards for music sales

→ Main article : Hans Zimmer / Awards for music sales

Country / Region	silver	gold	platinum	diamond	Sales	swell
Awards for music sales (country / region, awards, sales, sources)
Australia (ARIA)	-	3 × gold3	4 × platinum4th	-	385,000	aria.com.au
Belgium (BEA)	-	-	platinum1	-	50,000	ultratop.be
Brazil (PMB)	-	-	-	-	1,200,000	Individual evidence
Denmark (IFPI)	-	gold1	-	-	45,000	ifpi.dk
Germany (BVMI)	-	4 × gold4th	3 × platinum3	-	2,000,000	musikindustrie.de
Europe (IFPI)	-	-	3 × platinum3	-	(3,000,000)	ifpi.org ( Memento from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
France (SNEP)	-	3 × gold3	platinum1	-	1,666,900	infodisc.fr snepmusique.com
Italy (FIMI)	-	gold1	-	-	50,000	fimi.it
Japan (RIAJ)	-	2 × gold2	-	-	250,000	riaj.or.jp
Canada (MC)	-	2 × gold2	2 × platinum2	diamond1	1,300,000	musiccanada.com
Mexico (AMPROFON)	-	gold1	-	-	100,000	Individual evidence
New Zealand (RMNZ)	-	-	4 × platinum4th	-	60,000	nztop40.co.nz
Netherlands (NVPI)	-	gold1	platinum1	-	140,000	nvpi.nl
Austria (IFPI)	-	gold1	platinum1	-	75,000	ifpi.at
Poland (ZPAV)	-	gold1	3 × platinum3	-	190,000	bestsellery.zpav.pl
Sweden (IFPI)	-	gold1	-	-	50,000	sverigetopplistan.se
Switzerland (IFPI)	-	2 × gold2	2 × platinum2	-	150,000	hitparade.ch
Spain (Promusicae)	-	-	platinum1	-	100,000	promusicae.es
United States (RIAA)	-	2 × gold2	5 × platinum5	diamond1	16,946,000	riaa.com
United Kingdom (BPI)	7 × silver7th	gold1	2 × platinum2	-	1,260,000	bpi.co.uk
All in all	7 × silver7th	25 × gold25th	34 × platinum34	2 × diamond2

Further awards

• On December 8, 2010, Zimmer received the 2,426th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the heart of Hollywood. In attendance was director Christopher Nolan , with whom he celebrated a worldwide success with Inception . Nolan said of Zimmer: "To me, there is no composer working who has done more to define the sound of contemporary films." (For me, there is no composer who is still active who has done more to shape the sound image of contemporary films. )
• 2011: Star on the Boulevard of Stars in Berlin .
• 2011: World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Film Score for Inception .
• 2018: Federal Cross of Merit 1st class
• 2018: Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award (Hollywood in Vienna)
• 2019: Included in Disney Legends

Additional information

• TV documentary: Hans Zimmer - The Sound for Hollywood (2010, running time: 52 minutes). First broadcast on March 14, 2011 on arte .

Web links

Commons : Hans Zimmer  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website (English)
• Fan site (English)
• Website Live Tour (English)
• Hans Zimmer in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• Works by and about Hans Zimmer in the catalog of the German National Library
• Discography by Hans Zimmer on Soundtrack Collector (English)
• Hans Zimmer - composer in Hollywood . ( AVI ; 54.3 MB) - Report on ZDF

swell

1. ↑ "Culture connects" - Creatives are awarded an Order of Merit . In: GMX News . ( gmx.net [accessed September 21, 2018]).
2. ↑ Entry on the website of the Office of the Federal President: Award ceremony for the Day of German Unity on October 2, 2018 , viewed on September 28, 2018
3. ^ Claas Tatje: Hans Zimmer: Vampire at the mixer . In: The time . January 22, 2015, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed April 3, 2017]).
4. ^ Jared Sichel: Hans Zimmer: Proud to say 'My people'. In: jewishjournal.com. Jewish Journal, accessed February 11, 2016 . 
5. ↑ (from 5:50) youtube.com: Hans Zimmer in the "Harald Schmidt Show"
6. ^ Hans Zimmer - Hurtwood House Performing Arts. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 21, 2010 ; accessed on February 3, 2011 (English, Flash required). 
7. ↑ Jonathan Z. Kaplan: 101 Great Film Scores on CD: Backdraft (1991). In: Film Score Monthly , Vol. 5, No. 9/10, November / December 2000.
8. ↑ scorenotes.com. (No longer available online.) In: scorenotes.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on February 11, 2016 . 
9. ↑ focus: Hans Zimmer inspires in the Wembley Arena , www.focus.de, April 8, 2016
10. ↑ http://hanszimmerlive.com/tour-dates.html
11. ↑ nme.com: Johnny Marr announces plans to join 'Inception' composer Hans Zimmer on the road , New Musical Express, February 22, 2016
12. ↑ derwesten: Hans Zimmer moves to tears in Oberhausen with a Prince homage , www.derwesten.de, April 23, 2016
13. ↑ Hans Zimmer Revealed - Tour Dates 2017. In: hanszimmerlive.com. Retrieved June 14, 2017 . 
14. ↑ [1]
15. ↑ Hans Zimmer's 'Aurora': 'Dark Knight Rises' Composer Release Song Dedicated To Shooting Victims. (No longer available online.) In: The Huffington Post . July 27, 2012, archived from the original on July 30, 2012 ; accessed on July 30, 2012 (English). 
16. ↑ Hans Zimmer wants to divorce his wife , https://www.bz-berlin.de , April 7, 2020
17. ↑ hans-zimmer.com
18. ↑ Hans Zimmer - Part 1 - Interview. In: soundtrack.net. Retrieved February 11, 2016 . 
19. ↑ Hans Zimmer - Part 2 - Interview. In: soundtrack.net. Retrieved February 11, 2016 . 
20. ↑ Cinescape.com: Soothing "The Savage Were-Rabbits". ( Memento from July 22, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (archive.is)
21. ↑ moviemusicuk.us ( Memento from October 31, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
22. ↑ Legendary composer Hans Zimmer writes the music for Crysis 2. In: EA News. Electronic Arts , accessed March 19, 2011 . 
23. ↑ About Bless Online - The Music. Retrieved May 5, 2018 . 
24. ↑ Hans-Zimmer.com - FIFA 19 - The Journey - Champions (VG). Retrieved October 12, 2018 . 
25. ^ Past Winners Search. In: grammy.com. The GRAMMYs, accessed February 11, 2016 . 
26. ↑ grammy.com , accessed January 23, 2020
27. ↑ Federal President Steinmeier awards 29 Orders of Merit on the Day of German Unity. In: bundespraesident.de. September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018 . 
28. ↑ hollywoodinvienna.com: Max Steiner Award
29. ↑ RDJ, Jon Favreau, James Earl Jones & more to be honored as Disney Legends. May 16, 2019, Retrieved November 7, 2019 (American English).