St. Antony Hut

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Old illustration of St. Antony's hut
Former home of the hut manager G. Jacobi

The St. Antony Hut is a former ironworks in the Oberhausen district of Klosterhardt , which belongs to the Osterfeld district.

history

The steelworks, in the vicinity of which lawn iron ore was available as raw material, was founded in 1758 by Franz von der Wenge (1707–1788), canon of Münster , in what was then Osterfeld as the first ironworks in the Ruhr area . The St. Antony Hut is considered the "cradle of the Ruhr industry". On October 18, 1758, a nine meter high blast furnace was blown on the Elpenbach between Sterkrade and Osterfeld. In addition to the blast furnace, foundries and molding shops belonged to the St.-Antony-Hütte.

Up until 1808 there was a long-term competition with the two huts built in the neighborhood, Gute Hoffnung (1782) and Neu Essen (1791), and complicated legal disputes. In 1808 all three companies were merged in the hands of the brothers Franz and Gerhard Haniel and Heinrich Arnold Huyssen and Gottlob Jacobi , who were related by marriage to them . The four founded the Hüttengewerkschaft und Handlung Jacobi, Haniel & Huyssen (JHH), which was converted into the Actienverein für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb, Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) in 1873 .

In 1820 the ironworks on St. Antony was stopped for the first time; In 1826/27 it was resumed with a newly built blast furnace. In 1842, blast furnace operations were finally given up. The foundry, the last operation on the site, was closed in 1877. Most of the buildings were later demolished.

A former hut pond and the former office and residence of the hut manager Gottlob Jacobi are from the founding time. This housed the Gutehoffnungshütte company archive for a long time. In May 2008 the museum “St. Antony-Hütte ”opened as a new part of the Rhenish Industrial Museum. The permanent exhibition in the building is complemented by a field with industrial archaeological excavations.

The roof made of hot-dip galvanized sheet steel shingles received several architectural awards.
Excavations on the site of the former hut (July 2008)

In 2006, south of Antoniestraße, along the Elpenbach, building foundations were uncovered during archaeological excavations by the Rhineland Regional Council - LVR Office for the Preservation of Land Monuments in the Rhineland (Xanten branch) and the LVR Industrial Museum in Oberhausen. They are remnants of the iron works' former production facilities. For the 250th anniversary of the founding of the hut in 2008, the excavation work was completed. An architecture competition followed to find an appealing form of weather protection. In September 2010 - the year of the Capital of Culture - the steel roofing of the excavation site was completed. The weight of the self-supporting, hot-dip galvanized shingle roof is over 90 tons. The design comes from Ahlbrecht-Scheidt-Kasprusch, Essen in cooperation with the Dortmund engineering office Schülke und Wiesmann. The design of the first industrial archaeological excavation in Europe was co-financed by the successor company of Gutehoffnungshütte, today's MAN . The first industrial archaeological park in Germany has been open to visitors since October 2010. The origins of the iron and steel industry are shown on the excavation site. Using 3-D animations and display boards, it is shown when which buildings stood here and how the once small ironworks with only a few buildings became an industrial company in which around a hundred people worked. A blast furnace, a cupola furnace and a foundry are virtually reconstructed and illustrate how pans and pots, ammunition and machine parts were once produced here.

In 1985, the St. Antony Hut gave its name to the St. Antony winery in Nierstein am Rhein; Until 2005 this belonged to MAN AG.

Since December 2019, the St. Antony Hut has not only been used as a simple station, but also as an anchor point on the Route of Industrial Culture.

Concept of the LVR industrial museum

The St. Antony Hut is one of a total of seven locations of the LVR Industrial Museum, which together form a single museum. In factories, some of which are listed, the history of industry in the Rhineland and the people who work there is told at an authentic location. The focus is on the central sectors of metal, textiles, paper and electricity. In addition to the Oberhausen scene in the former St. Antony Hut, these are:

The museum headquarters with management, the collection depot , library, photo archive and workshops as well as the Eisenheim estate with the local museum as a branch are also located in Oberhausen . The Regional Association of Rhineland (LVR) is the founder and sponsor of the LVR industrial museum.

literature

  • Andreas-Marco Graf von Ballestrem: It all started in the three-country corner. The main factory of GHH, the cradle of the Ruhr industry . Tubingen 1970.
  • Heike Hawicks: The St. Antony Hut in Oberhausen-Osterfeld. “The cradle of the Ruhr industry” , in: Adventure Industrial City Oberhausen 1874–1999. Contributions to the history of the city , ed. von der Stadt Oberhausen, Oberhausen 2001, pp. 487-500, ISBN 3-87468-158-0 .
  • Landschaftsverband Rheinland / Rheinisches Industriemuseum (Hrsg.): St. Antony - The cradle of the Ruhr industry. A "business crime" about the first ironworks in the area . Aschendorff: Münster 2008. ISBN 978-3-402-12764-3 .
  • Burkhard Zeppenfeld: St. Antony - the cradle of the Ruhr industry or: A business crime story of early industrialization . In: Industrie-Kultur , Vol. 14 (2008), H. 2, S. 36/37, ISSN  0949-3751 .
  • Burkhard Zeppenfeld: The LVR industrial archaeological park St. Antony . In: Rhein-Maas , Vol. 2 (2011), pp. 187–192.

Web links

Commons : St. Antony Hut  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Zinkerpreis 2011. In: Metallbau 11/2011. Retrieved May 27, 2020 .
  2. ↑ St. Antony Hut is the new anchor point. RVR, accessed January 2, 2020 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '9.6 "  N , 6 ° 52' 20.7"  E