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{{Current-related|person|Nobel Prize in Economics|date=October 2008}}
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| image_caption = Paul Robin Krugman reading ''[[The New York Times]]''


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| name = Paul Krugman
| birth = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1953|2|28}}
| death =
| nationality = {{flag|United States}}
| field = [[Macroeconomics]]
| influences =
| opposed =
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| contributions = International Trade Theory, New Trade Theory
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] (2008)
}}
'''Paul Robin Krugman''' ({{pron-en|ˈkɹuɡmən}}; born February 28, 1953) is a [[Nobel Prize]]-winning American [[economist]], [[columnist]], author, and [[intellectual]]. He is professor of economics and international affairs at [[Princeton University]], and is also a columnist for ''[[The New York Times]]'', writing a [[blog]] and a twice-weekly [[op-ed]] column for the newspaper since 2000.
Krugman is well known in academia for his work in trade theory and for his textbook explanations of [[currency crisis|currency crises]] and [[New Trade Theory]]. His best known work provides a model in which firms and countries produce and trade because of [[economies of scale]]. He was a critic of the "[[New Economy]]" of the late 1990s. Krugman also criticized the [[fixed exchange rate]]s in [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Thailand]]'s economic policies before the [[1997 East Asian financial crisis]]. Just before the 1998 [[Russian financial crisis]], he also criticized investors such as [[Long-Term Capital Management]] whose profits depended on the maintenance of fixed exchange rates. Krugman is generally considered a [[Neo-Keynesian Economics|neo-Keynesian]] economist,<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'', [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/11/education/11economics.html "In Economics Departments, a Growing Will to Debate Fundamental Assumptions"]. Retrieved July 11, 2007.</ref> with his views outlined in his books such as ''Peddling Prosperity''. Krugman's ''International Economics: Theory and Policy'' (currently in its eighth edition) is a standard [[textbook]] on international economics without [[calculus]]. In 1991, he was awarded the [[John Bates Clark Medal]] by the [[American Economic Association]]. According to [[Research Papers in Economics|IDEAS/RePEc]], he is among the 50 most influential economists in the world today.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://ideas.repec.org/top/top.person.all.html
|title=Top 5% Authors, as of September 2008
|date=2008-09
|publisher=[[Research Papers in Economics]]
|accessdate=2008-10-13}}
</ref> In 2008, he won the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/14/business/14nobel.htm
|title=Krugman Wins Nobel Prize for Economics
|date=2008-10-13
|publisher=[[The New York Times]]
|accessdate=2008-10-13}}


</ref>
Krugman is generally considered a political [[Social liberalism|liberal]] or [[Progressivism|progressive]], and is an ardent critic of the [[George W. Bush administration]] and its foreign and domestic policy. Unlike many economic [[Pundit (politics)|pundits]], he is also regarded as an important scholarly contributor by his peers.<ref name="Clark"/><ref name="Prince"/> He has written over 200 scholarly papers and 20 books—some academic, and some written for the layperson.<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'', [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/opinion/KRUGMAN-BIO.html "Columnist Biography: Paul Krugman"]. Retrieved April 15, 2007.</ref>


==Your edit to [[Animal testing]]==
==Biography==
Your recent edit to [[Animal testing]] was reverted by an '''automated bot''' that attempts to recognize and repair [[Wikipedia:vandalism|vandalism]] to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. '''[[User:Tawkerbot2/FAQ|Click here]]''' for '''frequently asked questions''' about the bot and this warning. // [[User:Tawkerbot2|Tawkerbot2]] 12:44, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
Krugman was born into a [[Jewish]] family and grew up on [[Long Island]], and majored in economics (though his initial interest was in history) as an undergraduate at [[Yale University]]. He earned a [[Ph.D.]] from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] in 1977 and taught at [[Yale University|Yale]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], [[UC Berkeley]], the [[London School of Economics]], and [[Stanford University]] before joining the faculty of [[Princeton University]], where he has been since 2000. He is married to [[Robin Wells (professor)|Robin Wells]], a fellow professor at Princeton, his second marriage;<ref>Paul Krugman, [http://www.pkarchive.org/personal/Strangelove.html "Your questions answered"], blog, January 10, 2003, retrieved December 19, 2007</ref> he has no children from either.<ref>Paul Krugman, [http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/19/about-my-son/"About my son", ''New York Times'' blog, December 19, 2007</ref> From 1982 to 1983, he spent a year working at the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] [[White House]] as a staff member of the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]. He is also a member of the international economic body, the [[Group of Thirty]].


==Your edit to [[Decline of the Roman Empire]]==
When [[Bill Clinton]] came into office in 1993, some believe that he considered Krugman for a leading post; Krugman says he was flown out for a meeting in [[Arkansas]]. ''[[Newsweek]]'' reported in 1996 that "Krugman's outspokenness [was] the main reason the Clinton administration didn't offer him a job."{{Fact|date=September 2008}} Krugman says he would not have been interested in such a job; he told ''Newsweek'', "I'm temperamentally unsuited for that kind of role. You have to be very good at people skills, biting your tongue when people say silly things."<ref>PMichael Hirsch, "The Great Debunker," [http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/Economists/paulkrugman.html, ''Newsweek'' March 4, 1996, pp. 40-41, "The Great Debunker" by Michael Hirsch </ref> Instead he continued to write journalism for wider audiences, first for ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' and ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', later for ''[[The Harvard Business Review]]'', ''[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]'', ''[[The Economist]]'', ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]'', and ''[[Washington Monthly]]''. Krugman said that to answer what he called Pop Internationalism, "I would have to write essays for non-economists that were clear, effective, and entertaining."{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
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Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you would like to experiment, use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Test2 (second level warning) --> [[User:Jacek Kendysz|Jacek Kendysz]] 14:07, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
In the early 1990s, he helped popularize the argument made by [[Laurence Lau (economist)|Laurence Lau]] and [[Alwyn Young]], among others, that the growth of economies in East Asia was not the result of new and original economic models, but rather increased capital and labor inputs, which did not result in an increase in [[total factor productivity]]. His prediction was that future economic growth in East Asia would slow as it became more difficult to generate economic growth from increasing inputs.


==Your edit to [[Monopoly]]==
In the 1990s, Krugman's focus was on what can be described as policy economics, which he attempted to explain to the general audience in such works as ''Peddling Prosperity'' and columns attacking what he described as "policy entrepreneurs" who were focused single-mindedly on particular solutions, which they proposed as solving every conceivable crisis. He was critical of industrial policy (an approach Clinton later dropped under the influence of Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers) and argued in favor of free trade. (He writes on p. xxvi of his book ''The Great Unraveling'' that "I still have the angry letter [[Ralph Nader]] sent me when I criticized his attacks on globalization.")
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==This is your only warning for vandalism==
Krugman was one of many economists to serve as a consultant for an advisory board for [[Enron]]; he did this in 1999, being paid $37,500<ref name="EnronFAQ">Paul Krugman, [http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/enronfaq.html "My Connection With Enron, One More Time"], Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref> before ''[[New York Times]]'' rules required him to resign when he took a job as a columnist in 2000. He stated later the consulting was to "[offer] Enron executives briefings on economic and political issues" and that it had required him to "spend four days in [[Houston, Texas|Houston]]."<ref name="EnronFAQ"/>
<center><div style="padding:5px; border: 3px solid #000; background:#FF7C5B;"> [[Image:Stop_hand.svg|left|50px]] '''This is the only warning you will receive.'''<br>Your recent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] {{#if:{{{1|}}}|to [[:{{{1}}}]]}} will not be tolerated. The next time you vandalize a page, '''you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' from editing Wikipedia. [[User talk:Glen S|<span style="border:1px solid #000;padding:1px;background:yellow;"><font style="color:yellow;background:#000;">&nbsp;Glen&nbsp;</font></span>]] 14:35, 12 December 2006 (UTC)</center></div><!-- User:Glen S/Templates/Only -->


== Your edit to [[Slipknot (band)]] ==
However, when the story of Enron's corporate scandals broke, critics accused him of having a conflict of interest and the job of having been a bribe to control media coverage, charges he denies forcefully. He points out that in columns written before and after the scandal, he disclosed his past Enron relationship when he wrote about the company.<ref name="EnronFAQ" /><ref>Paul Krugman, [http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/enron.html "Me and Enron"]. Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref> He also was critical of the company: he was one of the first writers to argue that deregulation of the California energy market had led to market-manipulation by energy companies (in a column in the'' New York Times'' on December 10, 2000 called "California Screaming"); Enron was the largest in this market; he criticized it directly in August 17, 2001. He writes in ''The Great Unraveling'' (p. 26) that


{{{icon|[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] }}}Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia{{{{{subst|}}}#if:Slipknot (band)|, as you did to [[:Slipknot (band)]]}}. It is considered [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]], which, under Wikipedia policy, can lead to '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocking]]''' of editing privileges. If you would like to experiment again, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|}}<!-- Template:uw-test3 --> [[User:Spebi|<span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: #002BB8">Sebi</span>]]&nbsp;<sub style="color: darkgreen;">&#91;[[User talk:Spebi|<span style="color:darkgreen">talk</span>]]&#93;</sub> 09:50, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
:I was no more perceptive than anyone else; during the bull market years [of the late 1990s] some people did send me letters claiming that major corporations were cooking their books, but - to my great regret - I ignored them. However, when Enron - the most celebrated company of its time, lauded as the very model of a modern business enterprise - blew up, I immediately saw the implications: if such a famous and celebrated company could have been a [[Ponzi scheme]], it was very unlikely that the rest of U.S. business was squeaky clean. In fact, it quickly became clear, the bubble years were both the cause and effect of an epidemic of corporate malfeasance.


== July 2007 ==
His first column on the epidemic was published in ''The New York Times'' on February 1, 2002 with the title, "Two, Three, Many?"
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Since January 2000, Krugman has contributed a twice-weekly column to the Op-Ed page of the ''New York Times'', which has made him, in the words of the ''[[Washington Monthly]]'', "the most important political columnist in America... he is almost alone in analyzing the most important story in politics in recent years — the seamless melding of corporate, class, and political party interests at which the Bush administration excels."<ref name="monthly">{{cite web|last=Confessore|first=Nicholas|title=Comparative Advantage|publisher=Washington Monthly|month=December | year=2002|accessdate=2007-02-05|url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0212.confessore.html}}</ref> In 2007, he began supplementing his ''Times'' column with a [[blog]]. In introducing it, he wrote, "Many of the posts will be supplements to my regular columns; I’ll be using this space to present the kind of information I can’t provide on the printed page – especially charts and tables, which are crucial to the way I think about most of the issues I write about."<ref>{{cite web| last =Krugman| first =Paul | title =Introducing This Blog | publisher =[[The New York Times]]| date =September 18, 2007| url =http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/introducing-this-blog/| accessdate = 2007-09-19}}</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0212.confessore.html ''Washington Monthly'' profile] from December 2002</ref>


== September 2007 ==
In September, 2003, Krugman published a collection of his columns under the title, ''[[The Great Unraveling]]''. Taken as a whole, it was a scathing attack on the Bush's administration's economic and foreign policies. His main argument was that the large deficits generated by the Bush administration—generated by decreasing taxes, increasing public spending, and fighting a war in Iraq — were in the long run unsustainable, and would eventually generate a major economic crisis. The book was a best-seller.<ref>{{cite web|title ="The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century"|publisher =Powell's Books | url =http://www.powells.com/biblio/61-0393326055-0 | accessdate =2007-11-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2208841 ''The Economist'' - The one-handed economist] Paul Krugman and the controversial art of popularising economics, November 13, 2003</ref><ref>[http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/12699486/paul_krugman_on_the_great_wealth_transfer/print Krugman, Paul. "The Great Wealth Transfer."] Rolling Stone. November 30, 2006</ref>
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In 2007, Krugman published ''[[The Conscience of a Liberal]]''. The book is a history of wealth and income gaps in the US in the 20th century. The book documents that the gap between rich and poor declined greatly in mid-century, then widened in the last two decades to levels higher than those in the [[Gilded Age]] of the 1920s. Most economists (including Krugman) have regarded the late-20th-century divergence as resulting largely from changes in technology and trade, but Krugman writes that government policies had played a much greater role both in reducing the gap in the 1930s through 1970s and in widening it in the 1980s through the present. He rebuked the Bush administration for policies that currently widen the gap between the rich and poor. Krugman proposed a "new [[New Deal]]", which included placing more emphasis on social and medical programs and less on national defense.<ref>Oct 17 2007- Krugman [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/17/1352236 On Healthcare, Tax Cuts, Social Security, the Mortgage Crisis and Alan Greenspan], in response to [[Alan Greenspan]]'s [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/09/24/1412226 Sept 24 appearance] with [[Naomi Klein]] on ''[[Democracy Now!]]''</ref> The book was praised in outlets such as the New York Review of Books,<ref>November 22, 2007- Tomansky, Michael [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20813 The Partisan]</ref> but it was attacked by such organizations as the libertarian Von Mises institute, where it was argued to be overly political and virtually without ideologically-sympathetic economic content.<ref>[http://www.mises.org/story/2872 The Conscience of Paul Krugman - David Gordon - Mises Institute<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Your edits to [[JJB Sports]]==
In 2008, in midst of the [[subprime mortgage crisis]] in the US, Krugman predicted that housing prices would drop 25% overall and up to 50% in locations such as [[Miami]] or Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|title=How bad is the mortgage crisis going to get? |url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/14/news/economy/krugman_subprime.fortune/?postversion=2008031705|accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref>
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[[User:Keith D|Keith D]] 11:53, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
Krugman was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his pioneering work on the [[New Trade Theory]]. The prize committee, in its scientific summary of Krugman's contributions, wrote "By having integrated economies of scale into explicit general equilibrium models, Paul Krugman has deepened our understanding of the determinants of trade and the location of economic activity."<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/ecoadv08.pdf</ref>


==Your edits to [[Adidas]]==
==Criticism==
{{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Please do not introduce incorrect information into articles{{{{{subst|}}}#if:Adidas|, as you did to [[:Adidas]]}}. Your edits appear to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you believe the information you added was correct, please [[WP:CITE|cite references or sources]] or discuss the changes on the article's [[WP:TALK|talk page]] before making them again. If you would like to experiment, use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-error2 -->
{{criticism-section}}
The journalist [[James Fallows]] spoke of his "gratuitous spleen," and Clinton commerce secretary Jeffrey Garten complained that "He behaves like someone with a massive chip on his shoulder." <ref>[http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/Economists/paulkrugman.html Newsweek, The Great Debunker: A Nobel-bound Economist Punctures the CW - and Not a Few Big-Name Washington Egos]</ref>


[[User:Keith D|Keith D]] 11:55, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
A November 13, 2003 article in ''[[The Economist]]''<ref>[http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2208841 The Economist, Face Value: Paul Krugman, one-handed economist]</ref> reads: "A glance through his past columns reveals a growing tendency to attribute all the world's ills to [[George W. Bush|George Bush]]...Even his economics is sometimes stretched...Overall, the effect is to give lay readers the illusion that Mr Krugman's perfectly respectable personal political beliefs can somehow be derived empirically from economic theory."


==Your edits to [[Fetcham]]==
In his [[May 22, 2005]] farewell column, ''New York Times'' ombudsman [[Daniel Okrent]] stated: "Op-Ed columnist Paul Krugman has the disturbing habit of shaping, slicing and selectively citing numbers in a fashion that pleases his acolytes but leaves him open to substantive assaults."<ref>[http://archive.salon.com/politics/war_room/2005/06/02/krugman/index.html Salon.com, The War Room: Did Krugman win by T.K.O.?]</ref> Okrent did not initially provide specific examples for his view, but a few days later was drawn from retirement into an email back-and-forth with Krugman wherein he listed several specific instances, publicly hosted by the new ombudsman's column.<ref>[http://uggabugga.blogspot.com/2005/06/krugman-vs-okrent-over-at-new-york.html Uggabugga: Krugman vs Okrent]</ref> Okrent's chief complaint (which may have been prompted by conservative commentator [[Donald Luskin]]<ref>[http://www.poorandstupid.com/2004_03_14_chronArchive.asp#107933587796571319 The Conspiracy to Keep You Poor and Stupid: "It's the Economic Lies, Stupid"]</ref>) was that in a May 2004 column, Krugman inappropriately mixed numbers from the Establishment and Household employment data, without explaining to readers that these two surveys use differing, and incompatible, methods. Krugman, in fact, did not use any Household data. He did provide a number for the necessary monthly job creation in order for employment to pace population growth, which was based on Census data.<ref>[http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2005/05/why_oh_why_cant_12.html The Semi-Daily Journal of Brad DeLong: Why Oh Why Can't We Have a Better Press Corps? (Danny Okrent Jumps the Shark Once Again Edition)]</ref> However, this form of "mixing" data sources is not uncommon (The same methodology is used in numerous government and journalistic documents, including the Bush Administration's 2004 Economic Report of the President).<ref>[http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/09feb20040900/www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy05/pdf/2004_erp.pdf 2004 Economic Report of the President] The relevant number appears on p. 94 of the document, which is p. 99 of the PDF file.</ref> The administration assumed a slightly lower rate of "adult non-elderly" population growth, but nonetheless came up with a similar number: 110k per month, against Krugman's 140k.<ref>[http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2006/08/mix_and_match.html The Semi-Daily Journal of Brad DeLong: "Mix and Match"]</ref><ref>[http://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2005/05/31/ NYT Public Editor's Journal 31 May 2005: "Paul Krugman Responds..."]</ref> Okrent stated he consulted reader mail to identify what he called Krugman's "mis-hits."<ref> [http://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2005/05/31/new-public-editor-hosts-paul-krugman-daniel-okrent-debate/#more-17 "New Public Editor..."], NYT Public Editor's Journal 31 May 2005:</ref>
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[[User:Keith D|Keith D]] 11:56, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
Krugman's critics have accused him of employing what they called a "shrill" rhetorical style.<ref name="monthly" /><ref name="ferrara">[[Peter Ferrara]], [[National Review]], [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-ferrara082201.shtml The Hysterical Opposition''], August 22, 2001. Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref><ref>Jack Shafer, [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]], [http://www.slate.com/id/2065829 ''Raines-ing in Andrew Sullivan'']</ref> Economist [[J. Bradford DeLong]] and other Krugman supporters responded by creating the website [[Shrillblog]].


==Your edits to [[Nike, Inc.]]==
Economist [[Daniel B. Klein]] published during 2008 a paper in ''[[Econ Journal Watch]]'' that reviews and criticizes Krugman's columns for the ''New York Times''. Klein contends that Krugman's "social-democratic impetus sometimes trumps people's interests, notably poor people's interests... Krugman has almost never come out against extant government interventions, even ones that expert economists seem to agree are bad, and especially so for the poor."<ref>Daniel B. Klein with Harika Anna Bartlett, [http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/KleinBarlettCharacterIssuesJanuary2008.pdf "Left Out: A Critique of Paul Krugman Based on a Comprehensive Account of His New York Times Columns, 1997 through 2006"], ''Econ Journal Watch'' 5:1, 109-133.</ref>
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[[User:Keith D|Keith D]] 11:57, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
In the 2008 Presidential campaign, Krugman came under criticism from liberal bloggers after he offered repeated criticism of Democratic candidate [[Barack Obama]] and his supporters.<ref>Krugman, Paul. [http://nytimes.com/2008/02/11/opinion/11krugman.html "Hate Springs Eternal"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [[February 11]], [[2008]].</ref> The [[Huffington Post]]<ref>Feb 11 2008- Krugman [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/02/11/krugman-claims-obama-supp_n_85999.html Krugman Claims Obama Supporters Are Cultlike]</ref> and several other progressive blogs<ref>One City - Population: Everyone[http://onecity.wordpress.com/2008/02/11/krugman-vs-obama-pauls-got-brass-knuckles/]; Tennessee Guerilla Women[http://guerillawomentn.blogspot.com/2008/02/krugman-hate-springs-eternal-democratic.html]; The Seminal[http://www.theseminal.com/2008/02/11/rich-and-krugman-and-pie-oh-my/]; War Room[http://www.salon.com/politics/war_room/2008/02/11/krugman/]; Obsidian Wings[http://obsidianwings.blogs.com/obsidian_wings/2008/02/krugman-sigh.html]; Kick[http://rackjite.com/archives/1201-Is-Obama-Playing-the-Nixonland-CLINTON-RULES-Krugman.html]; Wonkette[http://www.electionbid2008.com/?p=77898]; The Liberal Journal[http://liberaljournal.blogspot.com/2008/02/krugman-needs-new-material-part.html]; UNCoRRELATED[http://www.uncorrelated.com/2008/02/obama_as_nixon.html]; Sententiae Et Clamores[http://trepanatus.blogspot.com/2008/02/krugmans-out-of-control.html]; DailyKos[http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/2/4/8468/83751]; Washington Monthly[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2008_01/012936.php]</ref> particularly criticized one of Krugman's columns in which he characterized Obama supporters as 'cult-like', complained that the media had not given Obama sufficient scrutiny, and claimed that a special set of 'Clinton Rules' applied to the Clintons and not to others like Obama. The bloggers described what they alleged were close ties between Krugman and the Clintons, and wrote that his commentary was lopsided in this regard against Barack Obama. The Times' entire "Letters to the Editor" column of February 13, 2008 was given over to discussion of Krugman's controversial column.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/opinion/lweb13krugman.html ‘Venom’? ‘Cult’? It’s Campaign Fever - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In his New York Times blog, Krugman scathingly denounced speculations that he had been offered or would accept any position in a Hillary Clinton administration, stating that he is "temperamentally unsuited to politics".<ref>[http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/ 2008 January - Paul Krugman - Op-Ed Columnist - New York Times Blog<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
<br />
== Vandalism to [[The Priory School (Dorking)]] ==
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==Awards==
==Blocked==
*1991, [[American Economic Association]], [[John Bates Clark Medal]]<ref name="Clark"> [[Avinash Dixit]], The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 173-188, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0895-3309(199321)7%3A2%3C173%3AIHOPKW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T '' In Honor of Paul Krugman: Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal''], Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref>
*2002, [[Editor and Publisher]], Columnist of the Year<ref name="Mojo2005">[[Mother Jones]], [http://www.motherjones.com/radio/2005/08/krugman_bio.html ''Paul Krugman''], August 7, 2005. Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref>
*2004, Fundación Príncipe de Asturias (Spain), [[Prince of Asturias Awards]] in Social Sciences, the "European Pulitzer"<ref name="Prince"> [http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria786.html ''Paul Krugman''], 2004. Retrieved March 28, 2007.</ref>
*2004, Doctor of Humane Letters ''honoris causa'', [[Haverford College]][http://www.haverford.edu/publicrelations/news/krugman.html]
*2008, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/ Nobel Prize in Economics]- for his contributions to [[New Trade Theory]].


You have been blocked from editing because of your disruptive edits. [[User:Bishonen|Bishonen]] | [[User talk:Bishonen|talk]] 14:58, 30 October 2007 (UTC).
==See also==
*[[The Theory of Interstellar Trade]]


==Bibliography==
== November 2007 ==
{{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia{{{{{subst|}}}#if:Greenpeace|, as you did to [[:Greenpeace]]}}. Your edits appear to constitute [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-vandalism2 --> --[[User:Mschel|Mark]] [[User_talk:Mschel|(Mschel)]] 12:18, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
===Authored or co-authored===
*''The Conscience of a Liberal'' (October 2007) (ISBN 978-0393060690).
*''Economics: European Edition'' (with Robin Wells and Kathryn Graddy, Spring 2007) (ISBN 0-7167-9956-1).
*''Macroeconomics'' (with Robin Wells, February 2006) (ISBN 0-7167-6763-5). Also available with student CDR (March 2006) (ISBN 0-7167-6767-8).
*[http://www.worthpublishers.com/krugmanwellsnew/main.htm ''Economics''] (with Robin Wells, December 2005) (ISBN 1-57259-150-1)
*''Krugman Wall Street Journal Sub Card'' (???) {ISBN 0-7167-6697-3}
*''Microeconomics'' (with Robin Wells, March 2004) (ISBN 0-7167-5997-7). Also available with student CDR (with Robin Wells, November 2004) (ISBN 0-7167-6700-7) or with study guide (with Robin Wells, December 2004) (ISBN 0-7167-6699-X).
*''The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century'' (September 2003) (ISBN 0-393-05850-6)
**A book of his ''New York Times'' columns, many of them dealing with Bush economic policies, some dealing with the economy in general.
*''International Economics: Theory and Policy (7th Edition)'' (2006) (ISBN 0-321-29383-5)
*''The New Trade Agenda (Foreign Affairs Editors' Choice)'' (December 2001) (ISBN 0-87609-302-0)
*''Fuzzy Math: The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax Plan'' (May 4, 2001) (ISBN 0-393-05062-9)
*''The Spatial Economy - Cities, Regions and International Trade'' (with [[Masahisa Fujita]], Anthony Venables)(July 1999, MIT press) (ISBN 0-262-06204-6)
*''The Return of Depression Economics'' (May 1, 1999) (ISBN 0-393-04839-X)
**In this work Krugman considers the long economic stagnation of Japan through the 1990s, the [[Asian financial crisis]], and problems in Latin America, and concludes that the generally accepted idea among economists that depressions can be prevented is no longer true.
*''The Accidental Theorist and Other Dispatches from the Dismal Science'' (May 1, 1998) (ISBN 0-393-04638-9)
**A collection of Krugman's articles for various publications regarding the economy.
*''International Economics'' (March 1998) (ISBN 0-673-52186-9)
*''The Age of Diminished Expectations, Third Edition'' (August 8, 1997) (ISBN 0-262-11224-8)
*''Competitiveness'' (January 1, 1997)
*''Pop Internationalism'' (March 1, 1996) (ISBN 0-262-11210-8)
*''Self Organizing Economy'' (February 1, 1996) (ISBN 0-87609-177-X)
*''Emu and the Regions'' (December 1995) (ISBN 1-56708-038-3)
*''Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (Ohlin Lectures)'' (September 15, 1995) (ISBN 0-262-11203-5)
*''Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations'' (April 1, 1995) (ISBN 0-393-31292-5)
**A book for those seeking to understand the history of economic thought from the time of the first rumblings of revolt against Keynesianism to the present. Written for the economics layman.
*''Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (3rd Edition)'' (February 1, 1995) (ISBN 0-88132-204-0)
*''World Savings Shortage'' (September 1, 1994) (ISBN 0-88132-161-3)
*''What Do We Need to Know About the International Monetary System? (Essays in International Finance, No 190 July 1993)'' (June 1, 1993) (ISBN 0-88165-097-8)
*''Currencies and Crises'' (June 11, 1992) (ISBN 0-262-11165-9)
*''Geography and Trade (Gaston Eyskens Lecture Series)'' (August 1991) (ISBN 0-262-11159-4)
*''The Risks Facing the World Economy'' (July 1991) (ISBN 1-56708-073-1)
*''Has the Adjustment Process Worked? (Policy Analyses in International Economics, 34)'' (June 1, 1991) (ISBN 0-88132-116-8)
*''Rethinking International Trade'' (April 1, 1990) (ISBN 0-262-11148-9)
*''Trade Policy and Market Structure'' (March 30, 1989) (ISBN 0-262-08182-2)
*''Exchange-Rate Instability (Lionel Robbins Lectures)'' (November 2, 1988) (ISBN 0-262-11140-3)
*''Adjustment in the World Economy'' (August 1987) (ISBN 1-56708-023-5)
*''Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics'' (January 1986) (ISBN 0-262-11112-8)
*''Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy'' (May 1, 1985) (ISBN 0-262-08150-4)


== December 2007 ==
===Edited or co-edited===
{{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia{{{{{subst|}}}#if:Optical mark recognition|, as you did to [[:Optical mark recognition]]}}. Your edits appear to constitute [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-vandalism2 --> <i><b>[[User:Snowolf|<font color = "darkmagenta">Snowolf</font>]] <sup><small>[[User talk:Snowolf|<font color = "darkmagenta">How can I help?</font>]]</small></sup></b></i> 10:47, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
*''Currency Crises (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)'' (September 1, 2000) (ISBN 0-226-45462-2)
:''If this is a shared [[IP address]], and you didn't make any [[Wikipedia:vandalism|unconstructive]] edits, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.''
*''Trade with Japan : Has the Door Opened Wider? (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)'' (March 1, 1995) (ISBN 0-226-45459-2/)
*''Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)'' (April 15, 1994) (ISBN 0-226-45460-6)
*''Exchange Rate Targets and Currency Bands'' (October 1991) (ISBN 0-521-41533-0)


==References==
== January 2008 ==
{{reflist|2}}


[[Image:Information.png|25px|left]] Hi, the <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivium_(band)?diff=186575315 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:Trivium (band)]] has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. You may also wish to read the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction to editing]]. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle1 --> [[User:Bjweeks|BJ]]<small><sup>[[User talk:Bjweeks|Talk]]</sup></small> 12:24, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/paulkrugman/ ''New York Times'' Paul Krugman index of columns]
*Paul Krugman's [http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com The Conscience of a Liberal Blog]
*[http://princeton.academia.edu/PaulKrugman Paul Krugman's page on Academia.edu]
*[http://krugmanonline.com KrugmanOnline.com] features books by Paul Krugman.
* [http://www.pkarchive.org/ The Unofficial Paul Krugman Archive] contains most if not every (pre Times Select) article written by Paul Krugman.
* [http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/ Paul Krugman (Princeton)] - placeholder
* [http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ Paul Krugman (MIT)] archives of his Slate and Fortune columns plus other writings 1996-2000
*{{worldcat id|id=lccn-n84-238684}}
*[http://dmoz.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Economics/People/Krugman,_Paul/ Open Directory Project - ''Paul Krugman''] directory category
* {{imdb name|id=1862259|name=Paul Krugman}}
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/pkr10.html IDEAS/RePEc]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20813 Michael Tomasky essay on Krugman's ''The Conscience of a Liberal''] from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''


[[Image:Information.png|25px|left]] The <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Myung?diff=186575473 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:John Myung]] constitutes [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]], and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle2 --> '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="color:#002bb8">Majorly</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:Majorly|talk]]'') 12:26, 24 January 2008 (UTC))
===Media===
*Video: Open Mind Interview, 2002: [http://www.archive.org/details/openmind_ep1590 Part One, 2002],[http://www.archive.org/details/openmind_ep1591 Part Two]
* [http://select.nytimes.com/packages/khtml/2005/09/19/opinion/20050919_KRUGMAN_FEATURE.html Video: "Meet Paul Krugman"], ''New York Times'' biographical video interview, Sept. 19, 2005
* [http://nysoundposse.com/2006/06/event-new-class-war-in-america-061306.html Audio: The New Class War In America] featuring [[Amy Goodman]], Paul Krugman, [[Greg Palast]] and [[Randi Rhodes]] recorded on June 13, 2006 at [http://www.nysec.org The New York Society for Ethical Culture], mp3 format, [http://www.archive.org/details/krugman-class-war Video: alternate]
*[http://fora.tv/2007/09/11/Paul_Krugman_Conscience_of_a_Liberal Video: Paul Krugman speaks at the World Affairs Council - Sept. 2007]
*[http://www.liberadio.com/2007/10/27/liberadio-podcast-october-22-2007-dr-beardy-i-presume-an-interview-with-paul-krugman/ Audio: Unterview] by Paul "Dr. Beardy" Krugman on [http://www.liberadio.com Liberadio(!)] with Mary Mancini and Freddie O'Connell, October 22, 2007
*[http://www.theyoungturks.com/story/2007/10/29/11047/657 Video: Iinterview with The Young Turks on Air America Radio], October 29, 2007
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XhvG_fD0HA Video: About housing bubble], December 14, 2007
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-782159081457451178&hl=en Video: The Conscience of a Liberal] (November 3, 2007) - lecture from Mr. Krugman's 2007 book tour.


[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px|left]] Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_LaBrie?diff=186575767 this edit]</span> to [[:James LaBrie]]. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. <!-- Template:uw-huggle3 --> [[User:Bjweeks|BJ]]<small><sup>[[User talk:Bjweeks|Talk]]</sup></small> 12:28, 24 January 2008 (UTC)


[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px|left]] '''This is your last warning'''. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_LaBrie?diff=186575827 this edit]</span> to [[:James LaBrie]]. <!-- Template:uw-huggle4 --> '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="color:#002bb8">Majorly</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:Majorly|talk]]'') 12:29, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
{{Nobel laureates in economics 2001-2025}}


----
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krugman, Paul}}
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[[bn:পল ক্রুগম্যান]]
== March 2008 ==
[[ca:Paul Krugman]]
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[[cs:Paul Krugman]]

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[[de:Paul Krugman]]

[[el:Πωλ Κρούγκμαν]]
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[[it:Paul Krugman]]
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{{{icon|[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] }}} Your recent edit to [[:List of Wii games]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Wii_games&curid=1902036&diff=197700059&oldid=197699042 diff]) was reverted by an '''automated bot'''. The edit was identified as adding [[WP:VAND|vandalism]], or [[WP:SPAM|link spam]] to the page or having an inappropriate [[WP:ES|edit summary]]. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-vandalism4 --> // [[User:VoABot II|VoABot II]] ([[User talk:VoABot II|talk]]) 12:06, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
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[[ru:Кругман, Пол]]
== May 2008 ==
[[sk:Paul Krugman]]
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop your disruptive editing{{#if:The Priory School (Dorking)|, such as the edit you made to [[:The Priory School (Dorking)]]}}. If your [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] continues, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing Wikipedia. {{#if:|{{{2}}}|}}<!-- Template:uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:NAHID|'''NAH''']][[User talk:NAHID|''ID'']] 11:46, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
[[sh:Paul Krugman]]
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[[fi:Paul Krugman]]

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<br>
[[vi:Paul Krugman]]
[[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|left|30px]] This is your '''last warning'''. <br> The next time you [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] Wikipedia, as you did to [[:José Manuel Reina]], you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing. <br> Your edits have been '''automatically''' marked as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been '''automatically''' [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: [[José Manuel Reina]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9+Manuel+Reina&diff=209209108&oldid=208402281 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] making a minor change with obscenities on 2008-04-30T11:46:54+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 348107 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning4 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism4 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 11:47, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
[[tr:Paul Krugman]]

[[uk:Круґман Пол]]
[[Image:Information.png|25px]] Hi, the <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jericho_characters?diff=213445269 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:List of Jericho characters]] has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. You may also wish to read the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction to editing]]. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle1 --> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">[[User:Alex.muller|<font color="#20406F">Alex</font>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Alex.muller|<font color="#20406F">Muller</font>]]</span></b> 11:15, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
[[zh:保羅·克魯格曼]]

<br>
[[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to [[:Royal Rumble (2002)]]. Your edits have been '''automatically''' marked as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|unconstructive/possible vandalism]] and have been '''automatically''' [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. '''If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|report it here]] and then remove this warning from your talk page.''' If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: [[Royal Rumble (2002)]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal+Rumble+%282002%29&diff=213463636&oldid=212967972 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] deleting 25599 characters on 2008-05-19T13:37:14+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 383278 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning2 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 13:37, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

<br/>
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|left|25px]] Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] Wikipedia, as you did to [[:The Priory School (Dorking)]], you ''will'' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing. Your edits have been '''automatically''' marked as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been '''automatically''' [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. '''If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|report it here]] and then remove this warning from your talk page.''' If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: [[The Priory School (Dorking)]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The+Priory+School+%28Dorking%29&diff=213677546&oldid=209428724 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] making a minor change with obscenities on 2008-05-20T11:05:28+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 385264 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning3 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 11:05, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

[[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|25px|left]] '''This is your last warning'''. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Priory_School_(Dorking)?diff=213678560 this edit]</span> to [[:The Priory School (Dorking)]]. <!-- Template:uw-huggle4 --> [[User:Epbr123|Epbr123]] ([[User talk:Epbr123|talk]]) 11:14, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

==Further vandalism==
{{schoolblock}}

<div class="user-block"> [[Image:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left]] {{#if:|You have been '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' from editing for a period of '''time'''|You have been '''temporarily [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' from editing}} in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|Wikipedia's blocking policy]] for {{#if:|'''reason'''|[[Wikipedia:Vandalism|abuse of editing privileges]]}}. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|make constructive contributions]]. If you believe this block is unjustified, you may [[Wikipedia:Appealing a block|contest the block]] by adding the text <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. Do not include the "nowiki" tags. --><nowiki>{{</nowiki>unblock|''your reason here''<nowiki>}}</nowiki><!-- Do not include the "nowiki" tags. --> below. {{#if:|[[User:Icairns|Ian Cairns]] ([[User talk:Icairns|talk]]) 14:09, 21 May 2008 (UTC)}}</div><!-- Template:uw-block1 --> [[User:Icairns|Ian Cairns]] ([[User talk:Icairns|talk]]) 14:09, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

== June 2008 ==

[[Image:Information.png|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. The <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Jordison?diff=222619115 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:Joey Jordison]] has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. You may also wish to read the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction to editing]]. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle1 --> [[User:Epbr123|Epbr123]] ([[User talk:Epbr123|talk]]) 08:25, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

[[Image:Information.png|25px]] The <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Priory_School_(Dorking)?diff=222619289 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:The Priory School (Dorking)]] constitutes [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]], and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle2 --> [[User:Les boys|Les boys]] ([[User talk:Les boys|talk]]) 08:27, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

== July 2008 ==
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop your disruptive editing{{#if:Mazda MX-5|, such as the edit you made to [[:Mazda MX-5]]}}. If your [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] continues, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing Wikipedia. {{#if:|{{{2}}}|}}<!-- Template:uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:Elie plus|<font color="red">Eli</font>]][[User talk:Elie plus|<font color="green">+</font>]] 13:01, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
:''If this is a shared [[IP address]], and you didn't make the edit, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.''

== July 2008 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to [[:List of traps in the Saw film series]], did not appear to be constructive and has been '''automatically [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]''' by [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]]. Please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. '''If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|report it here]] and then remove this warning from your talk page.''' If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: [[List of traps in the Saw film series]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List+of+traps+in+the+Saw+film+series&diff=225590578&oldid=225590394 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2008-07-14T13:23:01+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 439996 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning1 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 13:23, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

[[Image:Information.png|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. The <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell_(doctor)?diff=226970623 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:Richard Russell (doctor)]] has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. You may also wish to read the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction to editing]]. Thanks. <!-- Template:uw-huggle1 --> [[User:Fieldday-sunday|Fieldday-sunday]] ([[User talk:Fieldday-sunday|talk]]) 10:41, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

== September 2008 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to [[:Shakespeare's life]], did not appear to be constructive and has been '''automatically [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]''' by [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]]. Please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. '''If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|report it here]] and then remove this warning from your talk page.''' If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: [[Shakespeare's life]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shakespeare%27s+life&diff=239554486&oldid=239554370 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] blanking the page on 2008-09-19T13:12:36+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 487015 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning1 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 13:12, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

<br>
[[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to [[:Romeo and Juliet]]. Your edits have been '''automatically''' marked as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|unconstructive/possible vandalism]] and have been '''automatically''' [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. '''If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|report it here]] and then remove this warning from your talk page.''' If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: [[Romeo and Juliet]] was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romeo+and+Juliet&diff=239556271&oldid=239555268 changed] by [[Special:Contributions/82.110.220.168|82.110.220.168]] [[User:82.110.220.168|(u)]] [[User talk:82.110.220.168|(t)]] deleting 60920 characters on 2008-09-19T13:20:46+00:00 <!-- MySQL ID: 487017 -->. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-cluebotwarning2 --><!-- Template:uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:ClueBot|ClueBot]] ([[User talk:ClueBot|talk]]) 13:21, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

[[Image:Information.png|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina+Rossetti?diff=241759439 Your test]</span> on [[:Christina Rossetti]] worked, and has been removed. If you would like to experiment further, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also wish to read the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction to editing]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-huggletest1 --> [[User:TutterMouse|tutterMouse]] ([[User talk:TutterMouse|talk]]) 12:55, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

[[Image:Information.png|25px]] The <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina+Rossetti?diff=241983533 recent edit]</span> you made to [[:Christina Rossetti]] constitutes [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]], and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for testing. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-huggle2 --> [[User:Alexius08|Alexius08]] [[User talk:Alexius08|is welcome to talk]] [[Special:Contributions/Alexius08|about his contributions]]. 10:49, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

== October 2008 ==

===Warning regarding your edits to [[Courtly love]].===
[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia{{#if:|, as you did to [[:{{{1}}}]]}}. Your edits appear to constitute [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{#if:|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-vandalism2 -->---<font face="Celtic">[[User:RepublicanJacobite|<span style="color:#009900">RepublicanJacobite</span>]]<sub>''[[User talk:RepublicanJacobite|<span style="color:#006600">The'FortyFive'</span>]]''</sub></font> 13:40, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Revision as of 13:40, 13 October 2008

Educational institution IP address
To edit, please create an account at home and log in with it here.

Due to persistent vandalism, anonymous editing from your school, library, or educational institution's IP address may be blocked (disabled). You will continue to have access to read the encyclopedia. If you are logged in but still unable to edit, please follow these instructions. To prevent abuse, account creation via this IP address might also be disabled.

If account creation is disabled and you are unable to create an account elsewhere, you can request one by following the instructions at Wikipedia:Request an account. Please check on this list that the username you choose has not already been taken. If editing is required for class projects, please have your instructor or network administrator contact us (with reference to this IP address) at the Unblock Ticket Request System with a contact email address that is listed on your school's website. Thank you for your cooperation.


Your edit to Animal testing

Your recent edit to Animal testing was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to recognize and repair vandalism to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. Click here for frequently asked questions about the bot and this warning. // Tawkerbot2 12:44, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Your recent edit to Decline of the Roman Empire (diff) was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to recognize and repair vandalism to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. Click here for frequently asked questions about the bot and this warning. // Tawkerbot2 14:04, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. Jacek Kendysz 14:07, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Your edit to Monopoly

Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Quigabyte 10:07, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

This is your only warning for vandalism

This is the only warning you will receive.
Your recent vandalism will not be tolerated. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.  Glen  14:35, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Your edit to Slipknot (band)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to Slipknot (band). It is considered vandalism, which, under Wikipedia policy, can lead to blocking of editing privileges. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Sebi [talk] 09:50, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

July 2007

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to User:Francisco Tevez, you will be blocked from editing. Will (aka Wimt) 10:58, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Pond fluke, you will be blocked from editing. Will (aka Wimt) 11:01, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

September 2007

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Trivium (band), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Trivium (band) was changed by 82.110.220.168 (c) (t) replacing content with 'Trivium are gay, and suck. Matt heafy likes to give oral to James Hetfield, and sings like a faggot.' on 2007-09-25T07:18:17+00:00. Thank you. ClueBot 11:18, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Trivium (band), you will be blocked from editing. Postmortemjapan 11:21, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Your edits to JJB Sports

Welcome, and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test on the page JJB Sports worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. Thank you.

Keith D 11:53, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Your edits to Adidas

Please do not introduce incorrect information into articles, as you did to Adidas. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you believe the information you added was correct, please cite references or sources or discuss the changes on the article's talk page before making them again. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

Keith D 11:55, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Your edits to Fetcham

Please stop making test edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Fetcham. It is considered vandalism, which, under Wikipedia policy, can lead to blocking of editing privileges. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox.

Keith D 11:56, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Your edits to Nike, Inc.

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits.
The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Nike, Inc., you will be blocked from editing.

Keith D 11:57, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Priory School (Dorking), did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Your changes have been automatically reverted by CounterVandalismBot. If this is a mistake, please report it. Thank you. CounterVandalismBot 12:40, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Blocked

You have been blocked from editing because of your disruptive edits. Bishonen | talk 14:58, 30 October 2007 (UTC).

November 2007

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Greenpeace. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --Mark (Mschel) 12:18, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

December 2007

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Optical mark recognition. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Snowolf How can I help? 10:47, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

January 2008

Hi, the recent edit you made to Trivium (band) has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. BJTalk 12:24, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to John Myung constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thanks. Majorly (talk) 12:26, 24 January 2008 (UTC))

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to James LaBrie. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. BJTalk 12:28, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to James LaBrie. Majorly (talk) 12:29, 24 January 2008 (UTC)


You have been temporarily blocked from editing in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for repeated abuse of editing privileges. Please stop. You're welcome to make useful contributions after the block expires. If you believe this block is unjustified you may contest this block by adding the text {{unblock|your reason here}} below.

-- Ed (Edgar181) 12:40, 24 January 2008 (UTC)


March 2008

This is the only warning you will receive for your disruptive edits.
If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did to Mexico City, you will be blocked from editing. —slakrtalk / 10:39, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edit to List of Wii games (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! // VoABot II (talk) 11:58, 12 March 2008 (UTC)


Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to 2007 in video gaming. Your edits have been automatically marked as unconstructive/possible vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: 2007 in video gaming was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) deleting 36062 characters on 2008-03-12T12:01:54+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 12:02, 12 March 2008 (UTC)


Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to The Priory School (Dorking), you will be blocked from editing. Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: The Priory School (Dorking) was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2008-03-12T12:02:29+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 12:02, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edit to List of Wii games (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! // VoABot II (talk) 12:06, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edit to List of Wii games (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! // VoABot II (talk) 12:08, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

May 2008

Please stop your disruptive editing, such as the edit you made to The Priory School (Dorking). If your vandalism continues, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. NAHID 11:46, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.


This is your last warning.
The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to José Manuel Reina, you will be blocked from editing.
Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: José Manuel Reina was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2008-04-30T11:46:54+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 11:47, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Hi, the recent edit you made to List of Jericho characters has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. Alex Muller 11:15, 19 May 2008 (UTC)


Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Royal Rumble (2002). Your edits have been automatically marked as unconstructive/possible vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Royal Rumble (2002) was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) deleting 25599 characters on 2008-05-19T13:37:14+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 13:37, 19 May 2008 (UTC)


Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to The Priory School (Dorking), you will be blocked from editing. Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: The Priory School (Dorking) was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2008-05-20T11:05:28+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 11:05, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to The Priory School (Dorking). Epbr123 (talk) 11:14, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Further vandalism

Educational institution IP address
To edit, please create an account at home and log in with it here.

Due to persistent vandalism, anonymous editing from your school, library, or educational institution's IP address may be blocked (disabled). You will continue to have access to read the encyclopedia. If you are logged in but still unable to edit, please follow these instructions. To prevent abuse, account creation via this IP address might also be disabled.

If account creation is disabled and you are unable to create an account elsewhere, you can request one by following the instructions at Wikipedia:Request an account. Please check on this list that the username you choose has not already been taken. If editing is required for class projects, please have your instructor or network administrator contact us (with reference to this IP address) at the Unblock Ticket Request System with a contact email address that is listed on your school's website. Thank you for your cooperation.

You have been temporarily blocked from editing in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make constructive contributions. If you believe this block is unjustified, you may contest the block by adding the text {{unblock|your reason here}} below.

Ian Cairns (talk) 14:09, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

June 2008

Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Joey Jordison has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. Epbr123 (talk) 08:25, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to The Priory School (Dorking) constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thanks. Les boys (talk) 08:27, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

July 2008

Please stop your disruptive editing, such as the edit you made to Mazda MX-5. If your vandalism continues, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Eli+ 13:01, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

July 2008

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to List of traps in the Saw film series, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: List of traps in the Saw film series was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2008-07-14T13:23:01+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 13:23, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Richard Russell (doctor) has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. Fieldday-sunday (talk) 10:41, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

September 2008

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Shakespeare's life, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Shakespeare's life was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) blanking the page on 2008-09-19T13:12:36+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 13:12, 19 September 2008 (UTC)


Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Romeo and Juliet. Your edits have been automatically marked as unconstructive/possible vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Romeo and Juliet was changed by 82.110.220.168 (u) (t) deleting 60920 characters on 2008-09-19T13:20:46+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 13:21, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. Your test on Christina Rossetti worked, and has been removed. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. tutterMouse (talk) 12:55, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to Christina Rossetti constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Alexius08 is welcome to talk about his contributions. 10:49, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

October 2008

Warning regarding your edits to Courtly love.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.---RepublicanJacobiteThe'FortyFive' 13:40, 13 October 2008 (UTC)