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{{Superherobox|<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->
[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png|right|thumb|227px|Major endocrine glands. ([[Male]] left, [[female]] on the right.) '''1.''' [[Pineal gland]] '''2.''' [[Pituitary gland]] '''3.''' [[Thyroid gland]] '''4.''' [[Thymus]] '''5.''' [[Adrenal gland]] '''6.''' [[Pancreas]] '''7.''' [[Ovary]] '''8.''' [[Testes]]]]
image=[[Image:Drfate4.jpg]]
|caption=Panel from ''[[Justice Society of America|JSA]]'' featuring Hector Hall as Doctor Fate. Art by Stephen Sadowski.
|comic_color=background:#8080ff
|character_name=Doctor Fate
|real_name=Hector Sanders Hall
|publisher=[[DC Comics]]
|debut=''[[All-Star Squadron]]'' #25 (September 1983).
|creators=[[Roy Thomas]]<br />[[Jerry Ordway]]
|alliance_color=background:#ffc0c0
|alliances=[[Justice Society of America]]<br/>[[Infinity, Inc.]]<br/>[[Sentinels of Magic]]
|aliases=Silver Scarab, [[Sandman (DC Comics)|Sandman]], [[Doctor Fate]]
|powers=Manipulated the magics of Chaos & Order
|}}


'''Hector Hall''' was a [[superhero]] who appeared in [[DC Comics]]'s ''[[Infinity, Inc.]]'', ''[[The Sandman (comic book series)|Sandman]]'' and ''[[Justice Society of America|JSA]]''. He has gone by the names Silver Scarab, [[Sandman (DC Comics)|Sandman]] and, before his death, [[Doctor Fate#Hector Hall|Dr. Fate]].<ref name="dc-ency-doct">{{Citation | last = Beatty | first = Scott | author-link = Scott Beatty | contribution = Doctor Fate | editor-last = Dougall | editor-first = Alastair | title = The DC Comics Encyclopedia | pages = 103 | publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]] | place = New York | year = 2008 | ISBN = 0-7566-4119-5 | oclc = 213309017}}</ref>
The '''endocrine system''' is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as [[hormone]]s. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating [[metabolism]], [[human development (biology)|growth, development and puberty]], [[tissue (biology)|tissue function]], and also plays a part in determining [[mood]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Collier
| first = Judith. et.al
| title = Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties 7th edn.
| publisher = [[Oxford]]
| date = 2006
| pages = 350 -351
| isbn = 0-19-853085-4 }}</ref>
The field of [[medicine]] that deals with disorders of endocrine glands is '''[[endocrinology]]''', a branch of the wider field of [[internal medicine]].


== Fictional character history ==
==Function==
=== Childhood ===
The Endocrine system is an information signal system much like the [[nervous system]]. However, the nervous system uses nerves to conduct information, whereas the endocrine system mainly uses [[blood vessels]] as information channels. Glands located in many regions of the body release into the bloodstream specific chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones regulate the many and varied functions of an organism, e.g., [[mood]], [[human development (biology)|growth and development]], [[tissue (biology)|tissue function]], and [[metabolism]], as well as sending messages and acting on them.
Hector Hall is the son of [[Carter Hall (comics)|Carter]] and Shiera Hall, the [[Golden Age of comic books|Golden Age]] heroes known as [[Hawkman]] and [[Hawkgirl]].<ref name="dc-ency"/> Carter and Shiera were [[reincarnation]]s of an [[ancient Egypt]]ian pharaoh and his wife, both of whom had been killed and cursed by their rival [[Hath-Set]]. Unbeknownst to either of them, however, Hath-Set's curse also concerned any children that might be conceived by the pair. The curse of [[Seketh]], the [[Ancient Egypt]]ian God of Death, prophesied the combination of the Silver Scarab and the Eye of Ra, which would practically mean the end of the world. As such, when Hector was born during an archaeological dig near [[Cairo]], he was born without a [[soul]], destined to be a vessel for the Silver Scarab, an agent of vengeance called forth by Hath-Set.


To further anger Hector, his parents would frequently visit the city of Feithera and spend time with their godson [[Northwind (comics)|Norda Cantrell]] (who would become Northwind). Although the two children would be playmates as well, Hector carried a grudge against Norda for his wings and the attention he got from Hector's parents. It turned out later that, as Hector had been prophesied to become an agent of Hath-Set, Norda's destiny would be to stop him.
===Types of signaling=== <!--Cell signaling has a redirection to here-->
The typical mode of [[cell signaling]] in the endocrine system is [[endocrine signaling]]. However, there are also other modes, i.e., paracrine, autocrine, and neuroendocrine signaling.<ref>[http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/public/CourseSitesDocs/CellandTissueStructure/handouts/unrestricted/original/MMHndt_Endocrine.html University of Virginia - HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS]</ref> Purely neurocrine signaling between [[neurons]], on the other hand, belongs completely to the [[nervous system]].


Young Hector Hall would sometimes also play with the other children of the Justice Society, such as [[Albert Rothstein|Al Rothstein]] (godchild of the first [[Atom (comics)|Atom]]), [[Fury (DC Comics)|Lyta Trevor]] (child of the first [[Fury (DC Comics)|Fury]], who would grow up to marry Hector) and [[Rick Tyler]] (the son of the first [[Hourman]]). During one of these meetings, the kids ended up flying a jet, and almost crashed into the White House, where they were of course stopped and reprimanded by their parents.
====Endocrine====
{{main|endocrine signaling}}
A number of glands that signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the [[Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]].


=== The Silver Scarab ===
Typical endocrine glands are the [[pituitary]], [[thyroid]], and [[adrenal]] glands. Features of endocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and usually the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules storing their hormones. In contrast [[exocrine gland]]s such as [[salivary gland]]s, [[sweat gland]]s, and [[glands]] within the [[gastrointestinal tract]] tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]].
[[Image:silverscarab.jpg|left|thumb|90px|Hector Hall, the Silver Scarab]]
Feeling neglected by his crime-fighting parents, in college Hector constructed a suit out of the [[Nth Metal]] that granted his parents the power of flight, while also adding some solar improvements. Hector had enrolled at UCLA and met his childhood friend, Lyta Trevor. The two quickly fell in love and began to date. Lyta wished to follow in her mother's footsteps and become the next Fury, and Hector shared the secret of his Silver Scarab suit with her. As such, the two decided to apply for membership in the Justice Society of America, the group their parents had helped form. Inviting Al Rothstein to apply with them as well as Norda Cantrell, who would codename himself Northwind, all four would be turned down due to their age and inexperience. Not willing to give up, the four applied again with [[Jade (comics)|Jenny Hayden]] and [[Obsidian (comics)|Todd Rice]], both [[Alan Scott]]'s children. Feeling pity on the youngsters, [[Star-Spangled Kid]] decided to leave the JSA in order to create a new group, in which they were also joined by [[Power Girl]] and [[Brainwave (comics)#Henry King, Jr.|Brainwave Jr.]], calling themselves [[Infinity, Inc.]]


The team would publicly divulge their secret identities (revealing those of their parents in the process), where Hector also announced his engagement to Lyta. They would have little time to enjoy their happiness as the entity that had been within him since his birth came forth, thanks to the manipulation of [[Hath-Set]]. The reincarnated Silver Scarab fought Infinity, Inc. alongside Hath-Set and summoned the Eye of Ra. The heroes managed (largely thanks to the help of the returned Northwind) to win, but at the cost of Hector's life. As he died, he learned that Lyta was carrying his child, the one thing that was his undoing, for the child carried with him the purity and goodness of Hector Hall, resulting in the Silver Scarab being unable to fully control the Eye.
====Autocrine====
{{Main|Autocrine signalling}}
Other signaling can target the same cell.


====Paracrine====
=== The Sandman ===
[[Image:Hectorhallsandman.jpg|thumb|175px|right|Cover to ''[[Infinity, Inc.]]'' #49 with Hector Hall as the new Sandman. Art by [[Vince Argondezzi]].]]
{{Main|Paracrine signalling}}
Hector Hall would cheat death like his parents before. His consciousness had been cast into the Dreaming, where it was discovered by Brute and Glob, former servants of [[Dream (DC Comics)|Morpheus]], the [[The Sandman (comic book series)|Sandman]]. Left at a loose end following the imprisonment of Morpheus in the early 20th century, Brute and Glob had taken to recruiting mortals as surrogate "dream kings," which they hoped to use as a means to seize control of the entire Dreaming. Hector was one such pawn, and he adopted the costumed identity of the [[Sandman (DC Comics)|Sandman]]. In his new persona, Hector could only leave his "dream dimension" for one hour a day.
Paracrine signaling is where the target cell is nearby.


He increasingly made use of this time to visit Lyta in her dreams, where he discovered that she had become pregnant with his child. This pattern continued for a long time before Hector was finally "caught" by his friend Al Rothstein, who had come to visit Lyta and propose to her. He told Lyta of his new role and asked her to marry him. She agreed, and the two of them departed for the dream dimension.
====Juxtacrine====
{{Main|Juxtacrine signalling}}
Juxtacrine signals are transmitted along cell membranes via protein or lipid components integral to the membrane and are capable of affecting either the emitting cell or cells immediately adjacent.


The "Dream Dimension" was nothing more than a part of the Dreaming inside the mind of a young boy named [[Jed Walker]] which Brute and Glob had severed. Inside, Lyta slowly started to drift off, becoming less and less in touch with reality, and her pregnancy had completely halted for nearly two years. Hector became more and more obsessed with his role as the Sandman, and devolved from a serious superhero to one who fought nonsensical battles against weak villains.
==Role in disease==
{{main|Endocrine diseases}}
[[Endocrine diseases|Diseases of the endocrine system]] are common,<ref>{{cite book
| last = Kasper ''et al''.
| title = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
| publisher = [[McGraw Hill]]
| date = 2005
| pages = 2074
| isbn =0-07-139140-1 }}</ref> including diseases such as [[diabetes mellitus]], [[thyroid]] disease, and [[obesity]].
Endocrine disease is characterised by dysregulated hormone release (a productive [[Pituitary adenoma]]), inappropriate response to signalling ([[Hypothyroidism]]), lack or destruction of a gland ([[Diabetes mellitus type 1]], diminished [[erythropoiesis]] in [[Chronic renal failure]]), or structural enlargement in a critical site such as the neck ([[Toxic multinodular goitre]]). Hypofunction of endocrine glands can occur as result of loss of reserve, hyposecretion, [[agenesis]], atrophy, or active destruction. Hyperfunction can occur as result of hypersecretion, loss of suppression, [[hyperplasia|hyperplastic]], or [[neoplastic]] change, or hyperstimulation.


It was only a short time later that Morpheus escaped his captivity and set about putting the Dreaming back into order. Eventually, his attention fell on Brute and Glob. Ending their schemes, Morpheus returned Hector to the realm of the dead, and laid claim to his yet-to-be-born son, [[Daniel Hall (comics)|Daniel]], who was destined to become the next Lord of Dreams.
Endocrinopathies are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands. Tertiary endocrine disease is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamus and its releasing hormones.


=== Doctor Fate ===
Cancer can occur in endocrine glands, such as the [[Thyroid cancer|thyroid]], and hormones have been implicated in signalling distant tissues to proliferate, for example the [[Estrogen receptor]] has been shown to be involved in certain [[breast cancer]]s. Endocrine, Paracrine, and autocrine signalling have all been implicated in proliferation, one of the required steps of [[oncogenesis]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Bhowmick NA, Chytil A, Neilson EG, Moses HL | title=TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia| journal=Science| year=2004 | pages=848–51 | volume= February 6 303(5659) | doi = 10.1126/science.1090922 <!--Retrieved from Yahoo! by DOI bot-->}}</ref>
Like his parents, however, Hector was in a reincarnation cycle. When he returned again several years later, he was chosen to adopt the [[vestments]] of [[Doctor Fate]], a powerful sorcerer who had previously been a member of the Justice Society of America.<ref name="dc-ency-doct"/> As soon as he had adopted the vestments of Fate, he was forced to fight [[Mordru]] and was able to best him, capturing him inside the Amulet, thanks to the advice of Kent Nelson, who resided in the Amulet with his wife Inza.


The parents of Hector's current body are the late Hank Hall (no relation) and Dawn Granger, better known as the super-heroes [[The Hawk and the Dove|Hawk and Dove]]. Since they were empowered by the [[Lords of Chaos and Order]] respectively, the new Doctor Fate was, like Stevens, an agent of balance.
==Table of endocrine glands and secreted hormones==


While acting as Dr. Fate with the Justice Society, there was still a piece missing in Hector Hall's life, his wife. Searching for her valiantly, he and the team had travelled inside the Amulet of Anubis, where Mordru revealed she was alive, and he returned to the place where he was reborn. There he found his second mother to be comatose, but concluded that Mordru had put up a spell of deception and that this woman was in fact Lyta.
This is a table of the glands of the [[endocrine system]], and their secreted hormones


Hector sought his aid in reviving his wife from her coma with the JSA, and while he left her with them, he traveled to Thanagar. He came to rescue [[Hawkgirl]] and also witnessed the resurrection of his father. The two were now reunited, and although they were happy to see one another, their emotional connection had worsened.
===[[Hypothalamus]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone]]
| TRH || [[Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus|Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons]] || Release [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] from [[anterior pituitary]] (primarily) <BR> Stimulate [[prolactin]] release from [[anterior pituitary]].
|-
! [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone]]
| GnRH || Neuroendocine cells of the [[Preoptic area]] || Release of [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH]] and [[Luteinizing hormone|LH]] from [[anterior pituitary]].
|-
! [[Growth hormone-releasing hormone]]
| GHRH || Neuroendocrine neurons of the [[Arcuate nucleus]] || Release [[Growth hormone|GH]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|-
! [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone]]
| CRH || [[Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus|Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons]] || Release [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|-
! [[Oxytocin]]
| || [[Magnocellular neurosecretory cell]]s || Contraction of [[cervix]] and [[vagina]]
Involved in [[orgasm]], trust between people.<ref>Kosfeld M ''et al.'' (2005) Oxytocin increases trust in humans. ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' 435:673-676. [http://www.iew.unizh.ch/home/kosfeld/papers/ottrust_nature.pdf PDF] PMID 15931222</ref> and [[Circadian#Animal circadian rhythms|circadian homeostasis]] (body temperature, activity level, wakefulness).<ref>[http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=C001082B-2B35-221B-641CA6ED64E8BCF3 Scientific American Mind, "Rhythm and Blues"; June/July 2007; Scientific American Mind; by Ulrich Kraft]</ref>
release breast milk
|-
! [[Vasopressin]]
| || [[Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus|Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons]] || Increases permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water in the nephrons of the kidney, thus increasing water reabsorbiton.
|-
! [[Somatostatin]], also growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
| SS or GHIH || Neuroendocrince cells of the [[Periventricular nucleus]] || Inhibit release of [[Growth hormone|GH]] and [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|TSH]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|-
! [[dopamine|Prolactin inhibiting hormone or Dopamine]]
| PIH or DA || [[Arcuate nucleus|Dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus]] || Inhibit release of [[prolactin]] and [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|TSH]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|-
! [[Prolactin-releasing hormone]]
| PRH || || Release [[prolactin]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|}


Hector tried all of his magic to wake Lyta, but he was unsuccessful and thus returned to his Tower. He learned from what he believed to be Nabu, to travel to Gemworld, where he would uncover the secret behind Mordru's spell. It turned out that the Amulet had been created on Gemworld, and that Nabu had come from a world known as Cilia, with the Amulet being all that is left of the planet. Similarly, he learned that Mordru was in fact not a corporeal being, but a form of body-hopping energy. Hector left Gemworld with this new knowledge, and took with him the skull of Lord Wrynn, a man who had been consumed by Mordru. Hector started to prepare for the ritual involving the skull, although Nabu disapproved, wanting Hector to study more.
===[[Pineal body]] (epiphysis)===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Melatonin]] (Primarily)
|[[Pinealocytes]] || [[antioxidant]] and causes [[drowsiness]]
|}


At one point, the JSA confronted the Injustice Society, and after the elder heroes had been teleported away, the [[Spectre (comics)|Spectre]] revealed himself, who told them that they would have to fight a demon called Legacy, after healing old emotional wounds. When Hector met with Nabu, he was confronted with his 'destiny'. Apparently, he was fated to kill Hawkgirl, after which he would be killed by his own father. Hector did not accept this destiny and instead swore that he would form his own path and fate. Hector and the rest of the JSA confronted Legacy who was actually revealed to be an old villain called Wizard, and they proceeded to beat him.
===[[Pituitary gland]] (hypophysis)===
====[[Anterior pituitary]] lobe (adenohypophysis)====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Growth hormone]]
| GH || [[Somatotrope]]s || stimulates [[human development (biology)|growth]] and [[cell (biology)|cell]] reproduction
Release [[Insulin-like growth factor 1]] from [[liver]]
|-
![[Prolactin]]
| PRL || [[Lactotrope]]s || milk production in [[mammary glands]] <BR> [[orgasm|sexual gratification]] after [[Human sexual behavior|sexual acts]]
|-
! [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone]] or corticotropin
| ACTH || [[Corticotrope]]s || synthesis of [[corticosteroid]]s ([[glucocorticoid]]s and [[androgen]]s) in [[Adrenal cortex|adrenocortical cells]]
|-
! [[Lipotropin]]
| || [[Corticotrope]]s || [[lipolysis]] and [[steroidogenesis]], <BR> stimulates [[melanocytes]] to produce [[melanin]]
|-
! [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone]] or thyrotropin
| TSH || [[Thyrotrope]]s || stimulates [[thyroid gland]] to secrete [[thyroxine]] (T4) and [[triiodothyronine]] (T3)
|-
! [[Follicle-stimulating hormone]]
| FSH || [[Gonadotrope]]s || In female: stimulates maturation of [[Graafian follicle]]s in [[ovary]].
In male: [[spermatogenesis]], enhances production of [[androgen-binding protein]] by the [[Sertoli cell]]s of the [[testes]]
|-
! [[Luteinizing hormone]]
| LH || [[Gonadotrope]]s || In female: [[ovulation]]
In male: stimulates [[Leydig cell]] production of [[testosterone]]
|}


Afterwards, Hector returned to his goal of freeing Lyta. When he had undone Mordru's spell, he found that Mordru had placed another spell, and that the woman was in fact Dawn Granger. Hector was both sad and disappointed that he had still not found Lyta and became unhinged.
====[[Posterior pituitary]] lobe (neurohypophysis)====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Oxytocin]]
| || [[Magnocellular neurosecretory cell]]s || Contraction of [[cervix]] and [[vagina]]
Involved in [[orgasm]], trust between people.<ref>Kosfeld M ''et al.'' (2005) Oxytocin increases trust in humans. ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' 435:673-676. [http://www.iew.unizh.ch/home/kosfeld/papers/ottrust_nature.pdf PDF] PMID 15931222</ref> and [[Circadian#Animal circadian rhythms|circadian homeostasis]] (body temperature, activity level, wakefulness).<ref>[http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=C001082B-2B35-221B-641CA6ED64E8BCF3 Scientific American Mind, "Rhythm and Blues"; June/July 2007; Scientific American Mind; by Ulrich Kraft]</ref>
release breast milk
|-
! [[Vasopressin]] or antidiuretic hormone
| AVP or ADH || [[Magnocellular neurosecretory cell]]s || retention of water in [[kidney]]s
moderate [[vasoconstriction]]
|}


Rejoining the JSA, he became aggressive to both protestors and his own teammates. Hawkman ordered him to remove his helmet and to their shock, Mordru had managed to replace Hector under the helm of Fate. Hector was now prisoned in the cell he had created for Mordru in the Amulet. Fortunately, the Agents of Order that had come before helped him and it was revealed that Mordru had been disguised as Nabu the entire time and that he had taken over the body of [[Arion (comics)|Arion]], a [[Lords of Chaos and Order|Lord of Order]]. He was brought to the house of the Nelsons, where he was told his wife was dead, which he still refused to accept.
Oxytocin and Anti-Diuretic Hormone are not secreted in the posterior lobe, merely stored.


Hector gathered his strength and managed to return to reality to confront Mordru. In the ensuing battle, Hector called forth every ounce of magic he possessed, tapping into every magical realm at his disposal. After showing Mordru his future, a future of humiliation and failure, Hector imprisoned Mordru within the Rock of Eternity at the end of the universe.
====[[Pars intermedia|Intermediate pituitary]] lobe (pars intermedia)====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Melanocyte-stimulating hormone]]
| MSH || [[Melanotroph]] || [[melanogenesis]] by [[melanocyte]]s in [[skin]] and [[hair]].
|}


Hall had operated as Doctor Fate from Salem since then, with Nabu - again inhabiting the helm, but no longer controlling Fate - advising him. The Nelsons' souls still resided within the amulet, and they were occasionally able to contact the outside world (including Kent once having encountered the 1990s [[Starman (DC Comics Modern Age)|Starman]]). Hall's identity is known to a clever few who have figured it out, and in his [[secret identity]], he socialized with some of the inhabitants of Salem, being on the whole more gregarious than his predecessors.
===[[Thyroid]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
![[Triiodothyronine]]
| T3 || [[Thyroid epithelial cell]] || potent form of [[thyroid hormone]]: increase the [[basal metabolic rate]] & sensitivity to [[catecholamine]]s,
affect [[protein synthesis]]
|-
! [[Thyroxine]] or tetraiodothyronine
| T4 || [[Thyroid epithelial cell]]''s || less active form of [[thyroid hormone]]: increase the [[basal metabolic rate]] & sensitivity to [[catecholamine]]s,
affect [[protein synthesis]], often functions as a [[prohormone]]
|-
! [[Calcitonin]]
| || [[Parafollicular cell]]''s || Construct bone
reduce blood [[calcium|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]]
|}


When faced with the monstrous magical might of the being known as the Curse (a being that Nabu himself had not been able to completely vanquish), the still somewhat inexperienced Hector was killed. As his body lay dying in the streets of Salem, Hector's spirit met with Nabu inside the helmet. Nabu had been verbally abusing Hector ever since the latter had taken on the mantle (because even though Hector was stated to have the most power as Dr. Fate, he wasn't living up to his potential). Finally, after Nabu continued his assault, telling Hector he might as well die so another could claim the mantle, Hector finally had enough, decked Nabu and returned to his body. He was able to revive his body and ended up capable enough to beat the Curse. Now Hector was truly secure and confident in his role.
===[[Parathyroid]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Parathyroid hormone]]
| PTH || [[Parathyroid chief cell]] || increase blood [[calcium|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]]: *indirectly stimulate [[osteoclast]]s
* Ca<sup>2+</sup> reabsorption in [[kidney]]
* activate [[vitamin D]]
(Slightly) decrease blood [[phosphate]]:
* decreased reuptake in [[kidney]] but increased uptake from bones
* activate [[vitamin D]]
|}


On a later adventure to [[Kahndaq]] with the JSA, Hector and Nabu clashed again, as Nabu took control of Doctor Fate, and worked against the JSA, stating that Hector was simply blindly following his father. While controlling his host, Nabu undid the magic which had turned the Feithereans into simple birds and apparently switched over to the side of [[Black Adam]], who was also an old ally of Nabu in Ancient Egypt. Although the Society questioned what had happened, Hector's father Hawkman strode on, stating with a smile that his 'son could take care of himself'.
===[[Heart]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Atrial-natriuretic peptide]]
| ANP || [[Cardiac muscle|Cardiac myocytes]] || Reduce [[blood pressure]] by:
reducing [[systemic circulation|systemic]] [[vascular resistance]],
reducing blood water, sodium and [[blood fats|fats]]
|-
! [[Brain natriuretic peptide]]
| BNP || [[Cardiac muscle|Cardiac myocytes]] || (To a lesser degree than ANP) reduce [[blood pressure]] by:
reducing [[systemic circulation|systemic]] [[vascular resistance]],
reducing blood water, sodium and [[blood fats|fats]]
|-
|}


Later, Hector with the help of the Nelsons and the other previous incarnations of Fate was able to trap Nabu in the Amulet and once again took control. At that same time, Hector's wife [[Fury (DC Comics)|Lyta]] was revealed to have been imprisoned by Nabu to manipulate Hector. The couple were reunited as they appeared in Kahndaq again, just as Black Adam was defeated by the Justice Society.
===[[Striated muscle]]===
[[Image:HecDreaming.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Hector and Lyta's spirits depart into the Dreaming in ''JSA'' #80. Art by [[Don Kramer]].]]
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
With their reunion, Lyta and Hall returned to the Tower and lived happily, until they were trapped in a section of Hell by the [[Spectre (comics)|Spectre]], who was going on a rampage to destroy all magic. The two were dropped atop a frozen mountain, where Hector was forced to fend off various demons that threatened him and Lyta. Meanwhile, Lyta was unconscious, and in fact communicating with their son [[Daniel Hall (comics)|Daniel]], Lord of the Dreaming. Daniel proposed they join him in the Dreaming, and when Lyta woke up, Hector had collapsed near her, close to death. She decided to take him up on his offer, and together with Hector, knowing they could never return, they entered the portal to the Dreaming. As their physical bodies froze to death atop the mountain, their spirits joined their son.
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Thrombopoietin]]
| [[Myocyte]]s || stimulates [[megakaryocyte]]s to produce [[platelets]]<ref name = Kaushansky2006/>
|}


== Powers and abilities ==
===[[Skin]]===
* As the Silver Scarab, Hector wore a suit made of [[Nth Metal]]. This metal was developed by his father, Carter Hall, and improved upon by Hector. The suit enabled him to fly, and project solar-powered ray blasts.
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
* As Sandman, Hector had extraordinary strength, the power of flight, and lived in a place called, “The Dream Stream”, which enabled him to see other people's dreams and he could project himself into the real world for one hour every twenty-four hours, and could travel through “The Dream Stream” almost immediately from anywhere in the real world to any other place during that one hour.
! Secreted hormone !!From cells !! Effect
*As Dr. Fate, Hector possessed a wide variety of powers. In general, he could [[flight|fly]], was resistant to damage, and had greater-than-human strength. Hall was able to "speak" with Nabu, the previous Doctors Fate, Kid Eternity, and Lyta through the helmet of Nabu, which gave him access to a wide variety of spells. He was susceptible to [[toxin]]s in the air, however.
|-
! [[Calcidiol]] (25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>)
| || Inactive form of [[Vitamin D3]]
|}

===[[Adipose tissue]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
![[Leptin]] (Primarily)
|[[Adipocyte]]s || decrease of [[appetite]] and increase of [[metabolism]].
|-
! [[Estrogen]]s<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15320786&ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum The adipose tissue as a source of vasoactive factors.] Frühbeck G. (Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2004 Jul;2(3):197-208.)</ref> (mainly [[Estrone]])
|[[Adipocyte]]s ||
|}

===[[Stomach]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Gastrin]] (Primarily)
| || [[G cell]]s || Secretion of [[gastric acid]] by [[parietal cell]]s
|-
! [[Ghrelin]]
| || [[P/D1 cell]]s || Stimulate [[appetite]],
secretion of [[growth hormone]] from [[anterior pituitary gland]]
|-
! [[Neuropeptide Y]]
| NPY || || increased food intake and decreased physical activity
|-
! [[Secretin]]
| || [[S cell]]s || Secretion of [[bicarbonate]] from [[liver]], [[pancreas]] and duodenal [[Brunner's gland]]s
Enhances effects of [[cholecystokinin]]
Stops production of gastric juice
|-
! [[Somatostatin]]
| || [[D cell]]s || Suppress release of [[gastrin]], [[cholecystokinin]] (CCK), [[secretin]], [[motilin]], [[vasoactive intestinal peptide]] (VIP), [[gastric inhibitory polypeptide]] (GIP), [[enteroglucagon]]
Lowers rate of gastric emptying
Reduces [[smooth muscle]] contractions and blood flow within the intestine<ref name="Colorado"> http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/somatostatin.html Colorado State University - Biomedical Hypertextbooks - Somatostatin </ref>
|-
! [[Histamine]]
| || [[ECL cell]]s || stimulate [[gastric acid]] secretion
|-
! [[Endothelin]]
| || [[X cell]]s || [[Smooth muscle]] contraction of stomach<ref>[http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmr/41/1/41_35/_article Diabetes-related changes in contractile responses of stomach fundus to endothelin-1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats] Journal of Smooth Muscle Research Vol. 41 (2005) , No. 1 35-47. Kazuki Endo1), Takayuki Matsumoto1), Tsuneo Kobayashi1), Yutaka Kasuya1) and Katsuo Kamata1) </ref>
|}

===[[Duodenum]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Cholecystokinin]]
|[[I cell]]s || Release of digestive [[enzyme]]s from [[pancreas]]
Release of [[bile]] from [[gallbladder]]
[[hunger]] suppressant
|}

===[[Liver]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Insulin-like growth factor]] (or somatomedin) (Primarily)
| IGF || [[Hepatocyte]]s || insulin-like effects
regulate [[cell growth]] and development
|-
! [[Angiotensinogen]] and [[angiotensin]]
| || [[Hepatocyte]]s || [[vasoconstriction]]
release of [[aldosterone]] from [[adrenal cortex]]
[[dipsogen]].
|-
! [[Thrombopoietin]]
| || [[Hepatocyte]]s || stimulates [[megakaryocyte]]s to produce [[platelets]]<ref name = Kaushansky2006/>
|}

===[[Pancreas]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Insulin]] (Primarily)
|[[Beta cell|ß Islet cells]] || Intake of [[glucose]], [[glycogenesis]] and [[glycolysis]] in [[liver]] and [[muscle]] from blood
intake of [[lipid]]s and synthesis of [[triglyceride]]s in [[adipocytes]]
Other [[anabolism|anabolic]] effects
|-
! [[Glucagon]] (Also Primarily)
|[[Alpha cell|a Islet cells]] || [[glycogenolysis]] and [[gluconeogenesis]] in [[liver]]
increases blood glucose level
|-
! [[Somatostatin]]
|[[Delta cell|d Islet cells]] || Inhibit release of [[insulin]]<ref name="GP5417">{{GeorgiaPhysiology|5/5ch4/s5ch4_17}}</ref>
Inhibit release of [[glucagon]]<ref name="GP5417" />
Suppress the exocrine secretory action of [[pancreas]].
|-
! [[Pancreatic polypeptide]]
| [[PP cell]]s || Unknown
|}

===[[Kidney]]===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Renin]] (Primarily)
| [[Juxtaglomerular cell]]s || Activates the [[renin-angiotensin system]] by producing [[angiotensin I]] of [[angiotensinogen]]
|-
! [[Erythropoietin]] (EPO)
| [[Extraglomerular mesangial cell]]s || Stimulate [[erythrocyte]] production
|-
! [[Calcitriol]] (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>)
| || Active form of [[vitamin D3]]
Increase absorption of [[calcium]] and [[phosphate]] from [[gastrointestinal tract]] and [[kidneys]]
inhibit release of [[parathyroid hormone|PTH]]
|-
! [[Thrombopoietin]]
| || stimulates [[megakaryocyte]]s to produce [[platelets]]<ref name=Kaushansky2006>Kaushansky K. Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors. ''[[N Engl J Med]]'' 2006;354:2034-45. PMID 16687716.</ref>
|}

===[[Adrenal gland]]s===
====[[Adrenal cortex]]====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Glucocorticoid]]s (chiefly [[cortisol]])
| [[zona fasciculata]] and [[zona reticularis]] cells || Stimulation of [[gluconeogenesis]]
Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and [[adipose]] tissue
Mobilization of [[amino acids]] from [[Wiktionary:extrahepatic|extrahepatic]] tissues
Stimulation of [[fat breakdown]] in adipose tissue
[[anti-inflammatory]] and [[immunosuppressive]]
|-
! [[Mineralocorticoid]]s (chiefly [[aldosterone]])
| [[Zona glomerulosa]] cells || Increase [[blood volume]] by reabsorption of [[sodium]] in [[kidneys]] (primarily)
[[Potassium]] and [[Hydrogen ion|H<sup>+</sup>]] secretion in kidney.
|-
! [[Androgen]]s (including [[dehydroepiandrosterone|DHEA]] and [[testosterone]])
| [[Zona fasciculata]] and [[Zona reticularis]] cells || [[Virilization]], [[anabolic]]
|}

====[[Adrenal medulla]]====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Adrenaline]] (epinephrine) (Primarily)
|[[Chromaffin cell]]s || [[Fight-or-flight response]]:
*Boost the supply of [[oxygen]] and [[glucose]] to the [[brain]] and [[muscles]] (by increasing [[heart rate]] and [[stroke volume]], [[vasodilation]], increasing [[catalysis]] of [[glycogen]] in liver, breakdown of [[lipid]]s in [[adipocyte|fat cells]])
*Dilate the [[pupil]]s
*Suppress non-emergency bodily processes (e.g., [[digestion]])
*Suppress [[immune system]]
|-
! [[Noradrenaline]] (norepinephrine)
| [[Chromaffin cell]]s || [[Fight-or-flight response]]:
*Boost the supply of [[oxygen]] and [[glucose]] to the [[brain]] and [[muscles]] (by increasing [[heart rate]] and [[stroke volume]], [[vasoconstriction]] and increased [[blood pressure]], breakdown of [[lipid]]s in [[adipocyte|fat cells]])
*Increase [[skeletal muscle]] readiness.
|-
! [[Dopamine]]
| [[Chromaffin cell]]s || Increase [[heart]] rate and [[blood pressure]]
|-
! [[Enkephalin]]
| [[Chromaffin cell]]s || Regulate pain
|}

====[[Testes]]====
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Androgen]]s (chiefly [[testosterone]])
| [[Leydig cell]]s || [[Anabolic]]: growth of [[muscle mass]] and strength, increased [[bone density]], growth and strength,
[[Virilizing]]: [[maturation]] of [[sex organs]], formation of [[scrotum]], deepening of voice, growth of [[beard]] and [[axillary hair]].
|-
! [[Estradiol]]
| [[Sertoli cell]]s || Prevent [[apoptosis]] of germ cells<ref>Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L. Estradiol Acts as a Germ Cell Survival Factor in the Human Testis ''in vitro''.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006;85:2057-67 PMID 10843196</ref>
|-
! [[Inhibin]]
| [[Sertoli cell]]s | Inhibit production of [[follicle stimulating hormone|FSH]]
|}

===[[Ovary]]=== <!--Ovarian hormones redirects here-->
These originate either from the [[ovarian follicle]] or the [[corpus luteum]].
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Progesterone]]
| [[Granulosa cells]], [[Theca interna|theca cells]] || Support [[pregnancy]]<ref name = "colostate"/>:
*Convert [[uterine lining|endometrium]] to secretory stage
*Make [[Cervix#Cervical_mucus|cervical mucus]] permeable to sperm.
*Inhibit [[immune system|immune]] response, e.g., towards the [[human embryo]]
*Decrease uterine [[smooth muscle]] contractility<ref name="colostate" />
*Inhibit [[lactation]]
*Inhibit onset of [[labor (childbirth)|labor]].

Other:
*Raise [[epidermal growth factor-1]] levels
*Increase core temperature during ovulation<ref name="GeorgiaPhysiology">{{GeorgiaPhysiology|5/5ch9/s5ch9_13}}</ref>
*Reduce [[spasm]] and relax [[smooth muscle]] (widen [[bronchi]] and regulate [[mucus]])
[[Inflammation|Anti-inflammatory]]
*Reduce [[gall-bladder]] activity<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hould F, Fried G, Fazekas A, Tremblay S, Mersereau W |title=Progesterone receptors regulate gallbladder motility |journal=J Surg Res |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=505–12 |year=1988 |pmid=3184927 |doi=10.1016/0022-4804(88)90137-0}}</ref>
*Normalize [[blood]] clotting and vascular tone, [[zinc]] and [[copper]] levels, [[cell (biology)|cell]] [[oxygen]] levels, and use of fat stores for energy
*Assist in [[thyroid]] function and [[bone]] growth by [[osteoblast]]s
*Increase [[resilience]] in [[bone]], [[teeth]], [[gingiva|gum]]s, [[joint]], [[tendon]], [[ligament]], and [[skin]]
*Promote healing by regulating [[collagen]]
*Provide nerve function and healing by regulating [[myelin]]
*Prevent [[endometrial cancer]] by regulating effects of estrogen
|-
! [[Androstenedione]]
| [[Theca interna|Theca cells]] || Substrate for [[estrogen]]
|-
! [[Estrogens]] (mainly [[estradiol]])
| [[Granulosa cells]] || Structural:
* Promote formation of female [[secondary sex characteristics]]
* Accelerate [[height]] growth
* Accelerate [[metabolism]] (burn fat)
* Reduce [[muscle]] mass
* Stimulate [[endometrium|endometrial]] growth
* Increase [[uterus|uterine]] growth
* Maintain [[blood vessel]]s and skin
* Reduce [[bone resorption]], increase bone formation
[[Protein]] synthesis:
* Increase hepatic production of binding proteins
[[Coagulation]]:
* Increase circulating level of [[coagulation factor|factors]] [[factor II|2]], [[factor VII|7]], [[factor IX|9]], [[factor X|10]], [[antithrombin]] III, [[plasminogen]]
* Increase [[platelet]] adhesiveness
* Increase [[high-density lipoprotein|HDL]], [[triglyceride]], [[height]] growth
* Decrease [[low-density lipoprotein|LDL]], [[fat]] deposition
Fluid balance:
* Regulate salt ([[sodium]]) and water retention
* Increase [[growth hormone]]
* Increase [[cortisol]], [[SHBG]]
Gastrointestinal tract:
* Reduce bowel motility
* Increase cholesterol in [[bile]]
Melanin:
* Increase [[pheomelanin]], reduce [[eumelanin]]
Cancer:
* Support [[hormone-sensitive]] [[breast cancer]]s <ref>[http://www.breastcancer.org/tre_sys_hrt_idx.html Hormonal Therapy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (Suppression of production in the body of estrogen is a treatment for these cancers.)
Lung function:
*Promote lung function by supporting [[alveoli]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Massaro D, Massaro GD | title=Estrogen regulates pulmonary alveolar formation, loss, and regeneration in mice | journal=American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology | volume=287 | issue=6 | year=2004 | pages=L1154–9 | pmid=15298854 doi= 10.1152/ajplung.00228.2004 | doi=10.1152/ajplung.00228.2004 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Inhibin]]
| [[Granulosa cells]] || Inhibit production of [[follicle stimulating hormone|FSH]] from [[anterior pituitary]]
|}

===[[Placenta]] (when [[pregnant]])===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Progesterone]] (Primarily)
| || || Support [[pregnancy]]<ref name="colostate">[http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/endocrine.html Placental Hormones<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>:
*Inhibit [[immune system|immune]] response, towards the [[fetus]].
*Decrease uterine [[smooth muscle]] contractility<ref name="colostate" />
*Inhibit [[lactation]]
*Inhibit onset of [[labor (childbirth)|labor]].
*Support [[fetal]] production of [[adrenal]] mineralo- and glucosteroids.
Other effects on mother similar to ovarian follicle-progesterone
|-
! [[Estrogen]]s (mainly [[Estriol]]) (Also Primarily)
| || || Effects on mother similar to ovarian follicle estrogen
|-
! [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]]
| HCG || [[Syncytiotrophoblast]] || promote maintenance of [[corpus luteum]] during beginning of [[pregnancy]]
Inhibit [[immune system|immune]] response, towards the [[human embryo]].
|-
! [[Human placental lactogen]]
| HPL || [[Syncytiotrophoblast]] || increase production of [[insulin]] and [[IGF-1]]
increase [[insulin resistance]] and [[carbohydrate]] intolerance
|-
! [[Inhibin]]
| || Fetal [[Trophoblast]]s || suppress [[follicle stimulating hormone|FSH]]
|}

===[[Uterus]] (when [[pregnant]])===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! Secreted hormone !! Abbreviation !! From cells !! Effect
|-
! [[Prolactin]]
| PRL || [[Decidual cells]] || milk production in [[mammary glands]]
|-
! [[Relaxin]]
| || [[Decidual cells]] || Unclear in humans
|}

==See also==
* [[Releasing hormone]]s
* [[Neuroendocrinology]]
* [[Nervous system]]
* [[Endocrine disruptor]]
* [[Major systems of the human body]]


At his most potent, Fate is an accomplished sorcerer, able to match most other wizards in the DC Universe, but not as powerful as true extra-human beings such as the [[Spectre (comics)|Spectre]]. Fate has been observed throwing bolts of mysical energy, crafting solid objects out of energy a la [[Green Lantern]], and transforming objects into other kinds of matter. The full limits of his magical skills are unknown.


Fate commands magic as an agent of balance of Chaos and Order.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}

{{organ systems}}
{{endocrine system}}
{{Hormones}}
{{Endocrine pathology}}
{{Cell signaling}}
{{Endocrine system intervention}}

[[Category:Endocrine system| ]]
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hall, Hector}}
[[an:Sistema endocrino]]
[[Category:DC Comics characters who can fly]]
[[ar:جهاز غدد صماء]]
[[Category:DC Comics characters with superhuman strength]]
[[bs:Endokrini sistem]]
[[Category:DC Comics superheroes]]
[[bg:Ендокринна система]]
[[Category:Earth-Two]]
[[ca:Sistema endocrí]]
[[Category:Magic users in comics]]
[[cs:Soustava žláz s vnitřní sekrecí]]
[[Category:1983 comics characters debuts]]
[[da:Endokrine system]]
[[de:Endokrines System]]
[[es:Sistema endocrino]]
[[eo:Endokrina sistemo]]
[[eu:Sistema endokrino]]
[[fr:Système endocrinien]]
[[id:Sistem endokrin]]
[[is:Innkirtlakerfið]]
[[it:Sistema endocrino]]
[[he:המערכת האנדוקרינית]]
[[hr:Endokrini sustav]]
[[lv:Endokrīnā sistēma]]
[[lt:Endokrininė sistema]]
[[hu:Belső elválasztású mirigyek]]
[[mk:Ендокрин систем]]
[[nl:Endocrien systeem]]
[[ja:内分泌器]]
[[no:Det endokrine system]]
[[pl:Układ hormonalny]]
[[pt:Sistema endócrino]]
[[ru:Эндокринная система]]
[[simple:Endocrine system]]
[[sk:Endokrinná sústava]]
[[sl:Endokrini sistem]]
[[sr:Ендокрини систем]]
[[fi:Umpieritysjärjestelmä]]
[[sv:Endokrina systemet]]
[[tl:Sistemang endokrin]]
[[ta:அகச்சுரப்பித் தொகுதி]]
[[th:ต่อมหมวกไต]]
[[tr:Endokrin sistem]]
[[zh:內分泌系統]]

Revision as of 20:27, 13 October 2008

Doctor Fate
Panel from JSA featuring Hector Hall as Doctor Fate. Art by Stephen Sadowski.
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceAll-Star Squadron #25 (September 1983).
Created byRoy Thomas
Jerry Ordway
In-story information
Alter egoHector Sanders Hall
Team affiliationsJustice Society of America
Infinity, Inc.
Sentinels of Magic
Notable aliasesSilver Scarab, Sandman, Doctor Fate
AbilitiesManipulated the magics of Chaos & Order

Hector Hall was a superhero who appeared in DC Comics's Infinity, Inc., Sandman and JSA. He has gone by the names Silver Scarab, Sandman and, before his death, Dr. Fate.[1]

Fictional character history

Childhood

Hector Hall is the son of Carter and Shiera Hall, the Golden Age heroes known as Hawkman and Hawkgirl.[2] Carter and Shiera were reincarnations of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh and his wife, both of whom had been killed and cursed by their rival Hath-Set. Unbeknownst to either of them, however, Hath-Set's curse also concerned any children that might be conceived by the pair. The curse of Seketh, the Ancient Egyptian God of Death, prophesied the combination of the Silver Scarab and the Eye of Ra, which would practically mean the end of the world. As such, when Hector was born during an archaeological dig near Cairo, he was born without a soul, destined to be a vessel for the Silver Scarab, an agent of vengeance called forth by Hath-Set.

To further anger Hector, his parents would frequently visit the city of Feithera and spend time with their godson Norda Cantrell (who would become Northwind). Although the two children would be playmates as well, Hector carried a grudge against Norda for his wings and the attention he got from Hector's parents. It turned out later that, as Hector had been prophesied to become an agent of Hath-Set, Norda's destiny would be to stop him.

Young Hector Hall would sometimes also play with the other children of the Justice Society, such as Al Rothstein (godchild of the first Atom), Lyta Trevor (child of the first Fury, who would grow up to marry Hector) and Rick Tyler (the son of the first Hourman). During one of these meetings, the kids ended up flying a jet, and almost crashed into the White House, where they were of course stopped and reprimanded by their parents.

The Silver Scarab

Hector Hall, the Silver Scarab

Feeling neglected by his crime-fighting parents, in college Hector constructed a suit out of the Nth Metal that granted his parents the power of flight, while also adding some solar improvements. Hector had enrolled at UCLA and met his childhood friend, Lyta Trevor. The two quickly fell in love and began to date. Lyta wished to follow in her mother's footsteps and become the next Fury, and Hector shared the secret of his Silver Scarab suit with her. As such, the two decided to apply for membership in the Justice Society of America, the group their parents had helped form. Inviting Al Rothstein to apply with them as well as Norda Cantrell, who would codename himself Northwind, all four would be turned down due to their age and inexperience. Not willing to give up, the four applied again with Jenny Hayden and Todd Rice, both Alan Scott's children. Feeling pity on the youngsters, Star-Spangled Kid decided to leave the JSA in order to create a new group, in which they were also joined by Power Girl and Brainwave Jr., calling themselves Infinity, Inc.

The team would publicly divulge their secret identities (revealing those of their parents in the process), where Hector also announced his engagement to Lyta. They would have little time to enjoy their happiness as the entity that had been within him since his birth came forth, thanks to the manipulation of Hath-Set. The reincarnated Silver Scarab fought Infinity, Inc. alongside Hath-Set and summoned the Eye of Ra. The heroes managed (largely thanks to the help of the returned Northwind) to win, but at the cost of Hector's life. As he died, he learned that Lyta was carrying his child, the one thing that was his undoing, for the child carried with him the purity and goodness of Hector Hall, resulting in the Silver Scarab being unable to fully control the Eye.

The Sandman

Cover to Infinity, Inc. #49 with Hector Hall as the new Sandman. Art by Vince Argondezzi.

Hector Hall would cheat death like his parents before. His consciousness had been cast into the Dreaming, where it was discovered by Brute and Glob, former servants of Morpheus, the Sandman. Left at a loose end following the imprisonment of Morpheus in the early 20th century, Brute and Glob had taken to recruiting mortals as surrogate "dream kings," which they hoped to use as a means to seize control of the entire Dreaming. Hector was one such pawn, and he adopted the costumed identity of the Sandman. In his new persona, Hector could only leave his "dream dimension" for one hour a day.

He increasingly made use of this time to visit Lyta in her dreams, where he discovered that she had become pregnant with his child. This pattern continued for a long time before Hector was finally "caught" by his friend Al Rothstein, who had come to visit Lyta and propose to her. He told Lyta of his new role and asked her to marry him. She agreed, and the two of them departed for the dream dimension.

The "Dream Dimension" was nothing more than a part of the Dreaming inside the mind of a young boy named Jed Walker which Brute and Glob had severed. Inside, Lyta slowly started to drift off, becoming less and less in touch with reality, and her pregnancy had completely halted for nearly two years. Hector became more and more obsessed with his role as the Sandman, and devolved from a serious superhero to one who fought nonsensical battles against weak villains.

It was only a short time later that Morpheus escaped his captivity and set about putting the Dreaming back into order. Eventually, his attention fell on Brute and Glob. Ending their schemes, Morpheus returned Hector to the realm of the dead, and laid claim to his yet-to-be-born son, Daniel, who was destined to become the next Lord of Dreams.

Doctor Fate

Like his parents, however, Hector was in a reincarnation cycle. When he returned again several years later, he was chosen to adopt the vestments of Doctor Fate, a powerful sorcerer who had previously been a member of the Justice Society of America.[1] As soon as he had adopted the vestments of Fate, he was forced to fight Mordru and was able to best him, capturing him inside the Amulet, thanks to the advice of Kent Nelson, who resided in the Amulet with his wife Inza.

The parents of Hector's current body are the late Hank Hall (no relation) and Dawn Granger, better known as the super-heroes Hawk and Dove. Since they were empowered by the Lords of Chaos and Order respectively, the new Doctor Fate was, like Stevens, an agent of balance.

While acting as Dr. Fate with the Justice Society, there was still a piece missing in Hector Hall's life, his wife. Searching for her valiantly, he and the team had travelled inside the Amulet of Anubis, where Mordru revealed she was alive, and he returned to the place where he was reborn. There he found his second mother to be comatose, but concluded that Mordru had put up a spell of deception and that this woman was in fact Lyta.

Hector sought his aid in reviving his wife from her coma with the JSA, and while he left her with them, he traveled to Thanagar. He came to rescue Hawkgirl and also witnessed the resurrection of his father. The two were now reunited, and although they were happy to see one another, their emotional connection had worsened.

Hector tried all of his magic to wake Lyta, but he was unsuccessful and thus returned to his Tower. He learned from what he believed to be Nabu, to travel to Gemworld, where he would uncover the secret behind Mordru's spell. It turned out that the Amulet had been created on Gemworld, and that Nabu had come from a world known as Cilia, with the Amulet being all that is left of the planet. Similarly, he learned that Mordru was in fact not a corporeal being, but a form of body-hopping energy. Hector left Gemworld with this new knowledge, and took with him the skull of Lord Wrynn, a man who had been consumed by Mordru. Hector started to prepare for the ritual involving the skull, although Nabu disapproved, wanting Hector to study more.

At one point, the JSA confronted the Injustice Society, and after the elder heroes had been teleported away, the Spectre revealed himself, who told them that they would have to fight a demon called Legacy, after healing old emotional wounds. When Hector met with Nabu, he was confronted with his 'destiny'. Apparently, he was fated to kill Hawkgirl, after which he would be killed by his own father. Hector did not accept this destiny and instead swore that he would form his own path and fate. Hector and the rest of the JSA confronted Legacy who was actually revealed to be an old villain called Wizard, and they proceeded to beat him.

Afterwards, Hector returned to his goal of freeing Lyta. When he had undone Mordru's spell, he found that Mordru had placed another spell, and that the woman was in fact Dawn Granger. Hector was both sad and disappointed that he had still not found Lyta and became unhinged.

Rejoining the JSA, he became aggressive to both protestors and his own teammates. Hawkman ordered him to remove his helmet and to their shock, Mordru had managed to replace Hector under the helm of Fate. Hector was now prisoned in the cell he had created for Mordru in the Amulet. Fortunately, the Agents of Order that had come before helped him and it was revealed that Mordru had been disguised as Nabu the entire time and that he had taken over the body of Arion, a Lord of Order. He was brought to the house of the Nelsons, where he was told his wife was dead, which he still refused to accept.

Hector gathered his strength and managed to return to reality to confront Mordru. In the ensuing battle, Hector called forth every ounce of magic he possessed, tapping into every magical realm at his disposal. After showing Mordru his future, a future of humiliation and failure, Hector imprisoned Mordru within the Rock of Eternity at the end of the universe.

Hall had operated as Doctor Fate from Salem since then, with Nabu - again inhabiting the helm, but no longer controlling Fate - advising him. The Nelsons' souls still resided within the amulet, and they were occasionally able to contact the outside world (including Kent once having encountered the 1990s Starman). Hall's identity is known to a clever few who have figured it out, and in his secret identity, he socialized with some of the inhabitants of Salem, being on the whole more gregarious than his predecessors.

When faced with the monstrous magical might of the being known as the Curse (a being that Nabu himself had not been able to completely vanquish), the still somewhat inexperienced Hector was killed. As his body lay dying in the streets of Salem, Hector's spirit met with Nabu inside the helmet. Nabu had been verbally abusing Hector ever since the latter had taken on the mantle (because even though Hector was stated to have the most power as Dr. Fate, he wasn't living up to his potential). Finally, after Nabu continued his assault, telling Hector he might as well die so another could claim the mantle, Hector finally had enough, decked Nabu and returned to his body. He was able to revive his body and ended up capable enough to beat the Curse. Now Hector was truly secure and confident in his role.

On a later adventure to Kahndaq with the JSA, Hector and Nabu clashed again, as Nabu took control of Doctor Fate, and worked against the JSA, stating that Hector was simply blindly following his father. While controlling his host, Nabu undid the magic which had turned the Feithereans into simple birds and apparently switched over to the side of Black Adam, who was also an old ally of Nabu in Ancient Egypt. Although the Society questioned what had happened, Hector's father Hawkman strode on, stating with a smile that his 'son could take care of himself'.

Later, Hector with the help of the Nelsons and the other previous incarnations of Fate was able to trap Nabu in the Amulet and once again took control. At that same time, Hector's wife Lyta was revealed to have been imprisoned by Nabu to manipulate Hector. The couple were reunited as they appeared in Kahndaq again, just as Black Adam was defeated by the Justice Society.

Hector and Lyta's spirits depart into the Dreaming in JSA #80. Art by Don Kramer.

With their reunion, Lyta and Hall returned to the Tower and lived happily, until they were trapped in a section of Hell by the Spectre, who was going on a rampage to destroy all magic. The two were dropped atop a frozen mountain, where Hector was forced to fend off various demons that threatened him and Lyta. Meanwhile, Lyta was unconscious, and in fact communicating with their son Daniel, Lord of the Dreaming. Daniel proposed they join him in the Dreaming, and when Lyta woke up, Hector had collapsed near her, close to death. She decided to take him up on his offer, and together with Hector, knowing they could never return, they entered the portal to the Dreaming. As their physical bodies froze to death atop the mountain, their spirits joined their son.

Powers and abilities

  • As the Silver Scarab, Hector wore a suit made of Nth Metal. This metal was developed by his father, Carter Hall, and improved upon by Hector. The suit enabled him to fly, and project solar-powered ray blasts.
  • As Sandman, Hector had extraordinary strength, the power of flight, and lived in a place called, “The Dream Stream”, which enabled him to see other people's dreams and he could project himself into the real world for one hour every twenty-four hours, and could travel through “The Dream Stream” almost immediately from anywhere in the real world to any other place during that one hour.
  • As Dr. Fate, Hector possessed a wide variety of powers. In general, he could fly, was resistant to damage, and had greater-than-human strength. Hall was able to "speak" with Nabu, the previous Doctors Fate, Kid Eternity, and Lyta through the helmet of Nabu, which gave him access to a wide variety of spells. He was susceptible to toxins in the air, however.

At his most potent, Fate is an accomplished sorcerer, able to match most other wizards in the DC Universe, but not as powerful as true extra-human beings such as the Spectre. Fate has been observed throwing bolts of mysical energy, crafting solid objects out of energy a la Green Lantern, and transforming objects into other kinds of matter. The full limits of his magical skills are unknown.

Fate commands magic as an agent of balance of Chaos and Order.

References

  1. ^ a b Beatty, Scott (2008), "Doctor Fate", in Dougall, Alastair (ed.), The DC Comics Encyclopedia, New York: Dorling Kindersley, p. 103, ISBN 0-7566-4119-5, OCLC 213309017
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference dc-ency was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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