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{{Short description|Breed of sheep}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{use list-defined references|date=September 2013}}
{{use list-defined references|date=September 2013}}
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==History==
==History==


The Istriana breed appears to derive from inter-breeding of local Italian stock with breeds from the [[Balkans]], and particularly with animals brought to the area by the [[Morlach]]s, [[Dacians|Dacian]] refugees from the [[Ottoman–Habsburg wars|Ottoman invasion]]s of the 17th century.<ref name=bigi/><ref name=aspa/>
The Istriana breed appears to derive from inter-breeding of local Italian stock with breeds from the [[Balkans]], and particularly with animals brought to the area by the [[Morlachs]], [[Dacians|Dacian]] refugees from the [[Ottoman–Habsburg wars|Ottoman invasion]]s of the 17th century.<ref name=bigi/><ref name=aspa/>


In Croatia, where in 1869 the sheep population was estimated at 160,000, the Istriana was the predominant breed. In the 1980s it was to a large extent supplanted by sheep of ''pramenka'' type from [[Kosovo]], [[Macedonia]] and [[Metohija]], which had a similar resistance to the harsh conditions of the peninsula, but lower productivity of both milk and meat and lower resistance to disease.<ref name=azzri/> Attempts were made to increase the milk yield by cross-breeding with [[Awassi (sheep)|Awassi]], [[East Friesian (sheep)]] and [[Sarda (sheep)|Sarda]] stock. A project for the recovery of the traditional type of Istriana sheep has been launched, and involves exchange of genetic material with Italy. A breeders' association , the Associazione degli Allevatori della Pecora Istriana nella Regione Istriana "Istrijanka", was formed at [[Sanvincenti]] (Svetvinčenat) in 2005. Breeding stock is estimated at 2300 head.<ref name=azzri/> The total number reported for 2013 was 2900–3300;<ref name=dad2/> for Slovenia it was 1150.<ref name=dad3/>
In 1869 the sheep population in Istria was estimated at 160,000; the Istriana was the predominant breed. In the 1980s it was to a large extent supplanted by sheep of ''pramenka'' type from [[Kosovo]], [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Metohija]], which had a similar resistance to the harsh conditions of the peninsula, but lower productivity of both milk and meat and lower resistance to disease.<ref name=azzri/> Attempts were made to increase the milk yield by cross-breeding with [[Awassi (sheep)|Awassi]], [[East Friesian (sheep)|East Friesian]] and [[Sarda (sheep)|Sarda]] stock. A project for the recovery of the traditional type of Istriana sheep has been launched in Croatia, and involves exchange of genetic material with Italy. A breeders' association, the Associazione degli Allevatori della Pecora Istriana nella Regione Istriana "Istrijanka", was formed at [[Sanvincenti]] (Svetvinčenat) in 2005. Breeding stock is estimated at 2300 head.<ref name=azzri/> The total number reported for 2013 was 2900–3300;<ref name=dad2/> for Slovenia it was 1150.<ref name=dad3/>


In Italy, the Istriana is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the [[Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia]], the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.<ref name=aspa/> Breed numbers fell drastically in the second half of the 20th century, from 10,000 in 1960 to 250 in 1983.<ref name=bigi/> In 2013 total numbers for the breed were recorded as 635.<ref name=aspa2/>
In Italy, the Istriana is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the [[Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia]], the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.<ref name=aspa/> Breed numbers fell drastically in the second half of the 20th century, from 10,000 in 1960 to 250 in 1983.<ref name=bigi/> In 2013 total numbers for the breed were recorded as 635.<ref name=aspa2/>
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==See also==
==See also==


* [[Istriana (goat)]]
* [[Istriana goat]]


==References==
==References==
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<ref name=aspa>[http://www.assonapa.it/Pubblicazioni/Razze-ovine-caprine-Italia/Razze_Ovine_Caprine_Italia.pdf Le razze ovine e caprine in Italia] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia: Ufficio centrale libri genealogici e registri anagrafici razze ovine e caprine. p.&nbsp;59. Accessed September 2013.</ref>
<ref name=aspa>[http://www.assonapa.it/Pubblicazioni/Razze-ovine-caprine-Italia/Razze_Ovine_Caprine_Italia.pdf Le razze ovine e caprine in Italia] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia: Ufficio centrale libri genealogici e registri anagrafici razze ovine e caprine. p.&nbsp;59. Accessed September 2013.</ref>


<ref name=aspa2>[http://www.assonapa.it/Consistenze/Cons_razza.asp?Anno=2013&Cod_razza=98 Consistenze Provinciali della Razza 98 Istriana (Carsolina) Anno 2013] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale dell Pastorizia: Banca dati. Accessed September 2013.</ref>
<ref name=aspa2>[http://www.assonapa.it/Consistenze/Cons_razza.asp?Anno=2013&Cod_razza=98 Consistenze Provinciali della Razza 98 Istriana (Carsolina) Anno 2013] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia: Banca dati. Accessed September 2013.</ref>


<ref name=aspa3>[http://www.assonapa.it/norme_ecc/OVINI-RA_Standard_WEB/Standard-Ciavenasca.htm Norme tecniche della popolazione ovina “Ciavenasca”: standard della razza] (in Italian). Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali. Accessed May 2014.</ref>
<ref name=aspa3>[http://www.assonapa.it/norme_ecc/OVINI-RA_Standard_WEB/Standard-Istriana.htm Norme tecniche della popolazione ovina “Istriana”: standard della razza] (in Italian). Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali. Accessed July 2014.</ref>


<ref name=azzri>[http://www.azrri.hr/index.php?id=62&L=2 Tutela della pecora istriana] (in Italian). Agencija za ruralni razvoj Istre. Accessed July 2014.</ref>
<ref name=azzri>[http://www.azrri.hr/index.php?id=62&L=2 Tutela della pecora istriana] (in Italian). Agencija za ruralni razvoj Istre. Accessed July 2014.</ref>


<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed May 2014.</ref>
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Accessed May 2014.</ref>


<ref name=bigi>Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008). ''Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia'' (in Italian). Milan: Edagricole. ISBN 9788850652594. p.&nbsp;228–29.</ref>
<ref name=bigi>Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008). ''Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia'' (in Italian). Milan: Edagricole. {{ISBN|9788850652594}}. p.&nbsp;228–29.</ref>


<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50012331 Breed data sheet: Istriana/Italy]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50012331 Breed data sheet: Istriana/Italy]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.</ref>

Latest revision as of 14:09, 30 May 2021

Istriana
Conservation status
  • Croatia: FAO (2007): not at risk[1]
  • Italy: FAO (2007): endangered[1]
  • Slovenia: FAO (2007): not at risk[1]
Other names
  • Istarska Ovca
  • Istrska Pramenka
  • Carsolina
Country of originItaly
Distribution
StandardMIPAAF
Usedual-purpose, milk and meat
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    65 kg[2]
  • Female:
    52 kg[2]
Height
  • Male:
    75–80 cm[3]
  • Female:
    70–75 cm[3]
Wool colorwhite
Face colormottled with dark brown
Horn statusspiral horns, females often hornless

The Istriana or Carsolina, Croatian: 'Istarska Ovca', Slovene: 'Istrska Pramenka', is a breed of domestic sheep from Istria and the Karst regions of the northern Adriatic, from north-east Italy to Croatia and Slovenia.[2][3][4][5]

History[edit]

The Istriana breed appears to derive from inter-breeding of local Italian stock with breeds from the Balkans, and particularly with animals brought to the area by the Morlachs, Dacian refugees from the Ottoman invasions of the 17th century.[6][7]

In 1869 the sheep population in Istria was estimated at 160,000; the Istriana was the predominant breed. In the 1980s it was to a large extent supplanted by sheep of pramenka type from Kosovo, Macedonia and Metohija, which had a similar resistance to the harsh conditions of the peninsula, but lower productivity of both milk and meat and lower resistance to disease.[8] Attempts were made to increase the milk yield by cross-breeding with Awassi, East Friesian and Sarda stock. A project for the recovery of the traditional type of Istriana sheep has been launched in Croatia, and involves exchange of genetic material with Italy. A breeders' association, the Associazione degli Allevatori della Pecora Istriana nella Regione Istriana "Istrijanka", was formed at Sanvincenti (Svetvinčenat) in 2005. Breeding stock is estimated at 2300 head.[8] The total number reported for 2013 was 2900–3300;[4] for Slovenia it was 1150.[5]

In Italy, the Istriana is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.[7] Breed numbers fell drastically in the second half of the 20th century, from 10,000 in 1960 to 250 in 1983.[6] In 2013 total numbers for the breed were recorded as 635.[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Breed data sheet: Istriana/Italy. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Norme tecniche della popolazione ovina “Istriana”: standard della razza (in Italian). Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali. Accessed July 2014.
  4. ^ a b Breed data sheet: Istarska Ovca/Croatia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.
  5. ^ a b Breed data sheet: Istrska pramenka/Slovenia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2013.
  6. ^ a b Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008). Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia (in Italian). Milan: Edagricole. ISBN 9788850652594. p. 228–29.
  7. ^ a b Le razze ovine e caprine in Italia (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia: Ufficio centrale libri genealogici e registri anagrafici razze ovine e caprine. p. 59. Accessed September 2013.
  8. ^ a b Tutela della pecora istriana (in Italian). Agencija za ruralni razvoj Istre. Accessed July 2014.
  9. ^ Consistenze Provinciali della Razza 98 Istriana (Carsolina) Anno 2013 (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia: Banca dati. Accessed September 2013.


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