Jump to content

Martin T3M: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m category sort key
m bypass redirect (via WP:JWB)
 
(48 intermediate revisions by 35 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{redirect|T3M||The Three Musketeers}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{{infobox Aircraft
|name = T3M <!--please avoid stating manufacturer in this field; it's stated two lines below -->
|name = T3M <!--please avoid stating manufacturer in this field; it's stated two lines below -->
|image = T3m-2 martin c1929.jpg
|type = [[Torpedo-bomber]]
|manufacturer = [[Glenn L. Martin Company]]
|image = Image:T3m-2 martin c1929.jpg
|caption = T3M-2 floatplane<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
|caption = T3M-2 floatplane<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = [[Torpedo bomber]]
|manufacturer = [[Glenn L. Martin Company]]
|country origin = [[United States of America]]
|designer = <!--only appropriate for individuals, not for project leaders or a company or corporation-->
|designer = <!--only appropriate for individuals, not for project leaders or a company or corporation-->
|first flight = 1926<!--if it hasn't happened, leave it out!-->
|first flight = 1926<!--if it hasn't happened, leave it out!-->
Line 20: Line 23:
|variants with their own articles = [[Martin T4M]]<!-- variants OF the topic type -->
|variants with their own articles = [[Martin T4M]]<!-- variants OF the topic type -->
}}
}}
|}
The '''Martin T3M''' was an [[United States|American]] [[torpedo bomber]] of the 1920s. A single engined three seat [[biplane]], it became a standard torpedo bomber of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]], operating from both land bases and from [[aircraft carrier]]s from 1926 to 1932.

The '''Martin T3M''' was an American [[torpedo bomber]] of the 1920s. A single-engined three-seat [[biplane]], it became a standard torpedo bomber of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]], operating from both land bases and from [[aircraft carrier]]s from 1926 to 1932.

==Development and design==
==Development and design==
Having built 75 examples of the [[Martin SC]], the production version of the Curtiss CS in 1925, the [[Glenn L. Martin Company]] was able to offer an improved version when the U.S. Navy had a requirement for an improved torpedo-bomber/scout aircraft. This aircraft, which was designated the '''T3M-1''', first flew in July 1926.<ref name="Grossnick p507"> Grossnick 1995, p.507.</ref>
Having built 75 examples of the [[Martin SC]], the production version of the Curtiss CS in 1925, the [[Glenn L. Martin Company]] was able to offer an improved version when the U.S. Navy had a requirement for an improved torpedo-bomber/scout aircraft. This aircraft, which was designated the '''T3M-1''', first flew in July 1926.<ref name="Grossnick p507">Grossnick 1995, p.507.</ref>


The T3M was a large single engined [[biplane]] capable of being fitted with either a conventional tailwheel [[undercarriage]] or floats. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube in place of the [[rivet|riveted]] steel frame of the CS/SC,<ref name="NAS Grosse Ile"> [http://www.nasgi.org/t4m.htm Martin T4M] Naval Air Station Grosse Point Ile Virtual Museum. Retrieved [[17 March]] [[2008]]</ref>, with the [[pilot]] and [[Bombardier (air force)|bombardier]] seated side by side in the front cockpit situated forward of the wing, with the bombardier having a position under the nose for aiming the aircraft's bombs or torpedoes, while the gunner had a cockpit well aft of the wing, with a radiator slung under the top wing between the cockpits.<ref name="Swan navy p310"> Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.310</ref> Power was from a 575&nbsp;hp [[Wright T-3]]B [[V-12]] engine. 24 T3M-1s were built.<ref name="Swan navy p311"> Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.311.</ref>
The T3M was a large single-engined [[biplane]] capable of being fitted with either a conventional tailwheel [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] or floats. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube in place of the [[rivet]]ed steel frame of the CS/SC,<ref name="NAS Grosse Ile">[http://www.nasgi.org/t4m.htm Martin T4M] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118113742/http://www.nasgi.org/t4m.htm |date=2010-01-18 }} Naval Air Station Grosse Point Ile Virtual Museum. Retrieved 17 March 2008</ref> with the [[Aviator|pilot]] and [[Bombardier (air force)|bombardier]] seated side by side in the front cockpit situated forward of the wing, with the bombardier having a position under the nose for aiming the aircraft's bombs or torpedoes, while the gunner had a cockpit well aft of the wing, with a radiator slung under the top wing between the cockpits.<ref name="Swan navy p310">Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.310</ref> Power was from a 575&nbsp;hp (429&nbsp;kW) [[Wright T-3]]B [[V12 engine|V-12]] engine. 24 T3M-1s were built.<ref name="Swan navy p311">Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.311.</ref>


As the T3M-1 was underpowered,<ref name="NAS Grosse Ile"/>, a new version was produced with the much more powerful (770&nbsp;hp) [[Packard 3A-2500]] engine. This version, the '''T3M-2''' had revised wings with the upper and lower wings of equal span (while in the T3M-1 the lower wings were of greater span), and the radiator was replaced by two radiators on the fuselage side, allowing the crew to moved to three tandem individual cockpits.<ref name="Swan navy p311"/> The U.S. Navy ordered 100 T3M-2s, one of which was re-engined with [[Pratt & Whitney Hornet]] and the [[Wright Cyclone]] [[radial engine]]s as the '''XT3M-3''' and '''XT3M-4''' respectively.<ref name="Swan navy p311"/> These aircraft formed the basis of the [[Martin T4M]] that would replace the T3M in service with the U.S. Navy.
As the T3M-1 was underpowered,<ref name="NAS Grosse Ile"/> a new version was produced with the much more powerful (770&nbsp;hp/574&nbsp;kW) [[Packard 3A-2500]] engine. This version, the '''T3M-2''' had revised wings with the upper and lower wings of equal span (while in the T3M-1 the lower wings were of greater span), and the radiator was replaced by two radiators on the fuselage side, allowing the crew to be moved to three individual tandem cockpits.<ref name="Swan navy p311"/> The U.S. Navy ordered 100 T3M-2s, one of which was re-engined with the [[Pratt & Whitney Hornet]] and the [[Wright Cyclone]] [[radial engine]]s as the '''XT3M-3''' and '''XT3M-4''' respectively.<ref name="Swan navy p311"/> These aircraft formed the basis of the [[Martin T4M]] that would replace the T3M in service with the U.S. Navy.


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
[[Image:Curtiss F6C and Martin T3m on deck of USS Lexington (CV-2), 1928.jpg|thumb|right|T3M-2s and [[Curtiss F6C]]s on the deck of the carrier [[USS Lexington (CV-2)|USS ''Lexington'']]]]
[[File:Curtiss F6C and Martin T3m on deck of USS Lexington (CV-2), 1928.jpg|thumb|right|T3M-2s and [[Curtiss F6C]]s on the deck of the carrier {{USS|Lexington|CV-2|6}}]]

Deliveries of the T3M-1 to the U.S. Navy started in September 1926.<ref name="Grossnick p507"/> The T3M-1 was not heavily used, however, and was replaced in service by the more powerful T3M-2 from 1927. Although the T3M-2 itself was replaced in front line service by its radial powered development, the T4M, it remained in squadron service until at least 1932.<ref name="Grossnick p507"/>
Deliveries of the T3M-1 to the U.S. Navy started in September 1926.<ref name="Grossnick p507"/> The T3M-1 was not heavily used, however, and was replaced in service by the more powerful T3M-2 from 1927. Although the T3M-2 itself was replaced in frontline service by its radial-powered development, the T4M, it remained in squadron service until at least 1932.<ref name="Grossnick p507"/>


==Variants==
==Variants==
;T3M-1
;T3M-1
:Initial production version. Powered by 575&nbsp;hp (429&nbsp;kW) Wright T-3B engine. 24 built.
:Initial production version. Powered by 575&nbsp;hp (429&nbsp;kW) [[Wright T-3 Tornado|Wright T-3B]] engine. 24 built.
;T3M-2
;T3M-2
:Main production version. One 770&nbsp;hp Packard 3A-2500 engine. 100 built.
:Main production version. One 770&nbsp;hp (574&nbsp;kW) Packard 3A-2500 engine. 100 built.
;XT3M-3
;XT3M-3
:First T3M-2 re-engined with Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet [[radial engine]].
:First T3M-2 re-engined with Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet [[radial engine]].
Line 43: Line 50:


==Operators==
==Operators==
[[Image:Martin T3M-2 float1.jpg|thumb|right|T3M-2]]
[[File:Martin T3M-2 float1.jpg|thumb|right|T3M-2]]
;{{flag|United States|1912}}
;{{flag|United States|1912}}
*[[United States Marine Corps]]<ref name="Johnson p92"> Johnson 1977, p.92.</ref>
*[[United States Marine Corps]]<ref name="Johnson p92">Johnson 1977, p.92.</ref>
*[[United States Navy]]
*[[United States Navy]]


==Specifications (T3M-2) ==
==Specifications (T3M-2)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aircraft specifications
|prime units? = imp
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
|ref=United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 <ref name="Swan navy p313">Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313</ref>
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|crew=three
|plane or copter?=plane<!-- options: plane/copter -->
|length ft= 41
|jet or prop?=prop<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither -->
|length in= 4

|length m= 12.60
|ref=United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 <ref name="Swan navy p313"> Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313</ref>
|span ft= 56
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For instructions on using |more general=, |more performance=, |power original=, and |thrust original= see [[Template talk:Aircraft specifications]]. To add a new line, end the old one with a right parenthesis ")", and start a new fully formatted line beginning with * -->
|span in= 7
|crew=3
|span m= 17.25
|capacity=
|height ft= 15
|length main= 41 ft 4 in
|height in= 1
|length alt= 12.60 m
|height m= 4.60
|span main= 56 ft 7 in
|span alt= 17.25 m
|wing area sqft= 883
|height main= 15 ft 1 in
|wing area sqm= 82.1
|empty weight lb= 5,814
|height alt= 4.60 m
|empty weight kg= 2,643
|area main= 883 ft²
|gross weight lb= 9,503
|area alt= 82.1 m²
|gross weight kg= 4,320
|airfoil=
|eng1 name=[[Packard 1A-2500|Packard 3A-2500]]
|empty weight main= 5,814 lb
|eng1 type= liquid-cooled V-12 engine
|empty weight alt= 2,643 kg
|eng1 number=1
|loaded weight main= 9,503 lb
|eng1 hp= 770
|loaded weight alt= 4,320 kg
|useful load main=
|eng1 kw= 574
|useful load alt=
|max speed mph= 109
|max takeoff weight main=
|max speed kts= 95
|max takeoff weight alt=
|max speed kmh= 175
|range miles= 634
|more general=
|range nmi= 551

|range km= 1,020
|engine (prop)=Packard 3A-2500
|ceiling ft= 7,900
|type of prop= liquid cooled V-12 engine
|ceiling m= 2,400
|number of props=1
|wing loading lb/sqft= 10.8
|power main= 770 hp
|wing loading kg/m2= 52.6
|power alt= 574 kW
|power/mass=0.081 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
|power original=
|max speed main= 95 knots
|max speed alt= 109 mph, 175 km/h
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|range main= 551 NM
|range alt= 634 mi, km
|ceiling main= 7,900 ft
|ceiling alt= 2,400 m
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main= 10.8 lb/ft²
|loading alt= 52.6 kg/m²
|thrust/weight=<!-- a unitless ratio -->
|power/mass main= 0.081 hp/lb
|power/mass alt= 0.13 kW/kg
|more performance=*'''Climb to 5,000 ft:''' 16.8 min
|more performance=*'''Climb to 5,000 ft:''' 16.8 min

|armament=
|armament=
*One flexibly mounted 0.3 in [[machine gun]] in rear cockpit
*1 × flexibly mounted 0.3 in (7.62 mm) [[machine gun]] in rear cockpit
*One torpedo or bombs under fuselage
*1 × torpedo or bombs under fuselage

|avionics=
|avionics=

}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{aircontent
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|related=*[[Curtiss CS|Curtiss CS/Martin SC]]<br/>

|related=*[[Curtiss CS|Curtiss CS/Martin SC]]<br />
*[[Martin T4M|Martin T4M/Great Lakes TG]]
*[[Martin T4M|Martin T4M/Great Lakes TG]]
|similar aircraft=*[[Blackburn Ripon]]<br/>

*[[Mitsubishi B2M]]
|similar aircraft=*[[Blackburn Ripon]]<br />
|lists=*[[List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)]]
*[[Mitsubishi B2M]]<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|see also=

|lists=*[[List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)]]<!-- related lists -->

|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->

}}
}}


==References==
==References==

===Notes===
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* Donald, David (editor). ''The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Aerospace Publishing. 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
* Donald, David (editor). ''The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Aerospace Publishing. 1997. {{ISBN|1-85605-375-X}}.
* Grossnik, Roy A. ''[http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/dictvol1.htm Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons: Volume 1 The History of VA, VAH, VAK, VAL, VAP and VFA Squadrons]''. Washington DC: Naval Historical Centre, 1995. ISBN 0-945274-29-7.
* Grossnik, Roy A. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080915085909/http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/dictvol1.htm Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons: Volume 1 The History of VA, VAH, VAK, VAL, VAP and VFA Squadrons]''. Washington DC: Naval Historical Centre, 1995. {{ISBN|0-945274-29-7}}.
* Johnson, Edward C. ''[http://www.usmc.mil/directiv.nsf/bf7ed869c4398a1685256517005818da/a96b41677ba80b86852571250047ee15/$FILE/Marine%20Corps%20Aviation%20The%20Early%20Years%201912-1940%20PCN%2019000316800.pdf Marine Corps Aviation: The Early Years 1912-1940]''. Washington DC: U.S. Marine Corps, 1977.
* Johnson, Edward C. ''[http://www.usmc.mil/directiv.nsf/bf7ed869c4398a1685256517005818da/a96b41677ba80b86852571250047ee15/$FILE/Marine%20Corps%20Aviation%20The%20Early%20Years%201912-1940%20PCN%2019000316800.pdf Marine Corps Aviation: The Early Years 1912–1940]''. Washington DC: U.S. Marine Corps, 1977.
* Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. ''United States Navy Aircraft since 1911''. London:Putnam, Second edition 1976. ISBN 0 370 10054 9.
* Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. ''United States Navy Aircraft since 1911''. London:Putnam, Second edition 1976. {{ISBN|0-370-10054-9}}.
* Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''.
* Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''.
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Martin T3M}}
*[http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/locator/manufact/martin/t3m.htm Martin T3M] ''Aeroweb''.
*[https://archive.today/20121214165953/http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/martin/t3m.htm Martin T3M] ''Aeroweb''.
*[http://aerofiles.com/_martin.html Martin] ''Aerofiles''.
*[http://aerofiles.com/_martin.html Martin] ''Aerofiles''.

{{Martin aircraft}}
{{USN torpedo aircraft}}
{{USN torpedo aircraft}}
{{aviation lists}}


[[Category:Torpedo bombers]]
[[Category:1920s United States bomber aircraft|Martin T03M]]
[[Category:United States bomber aircraft 1920-1929|TM3, Martin]]
[[Category:1920s United States military reconnaissance aircraft|Martin T03M]]
[[Category:United States military reconnaissance aircraft 1920-1929]]
[[Category:Martin aircraft|T3M]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926]]

Latest revision as of 19:20, 20 January 2022

"T3M" redirects here. For other uses, see The Three Musketeers.
T3M
T3M-2 floatplane
Role Torpedo bomber
Manufacturer Glenn L. Martin Company
First flight 1926
Introduction 1926
Retired 1932
Primary user United States Navy
Number built 124
Developed from Curtiss CS
Variants Martin T4M

The Martin T3M was an American torpedo bomber of the 1920s. A single-engined three-seat biplane, it became a standard torpedo bomber of the U.S. Navy, operating from both land bases and from aircraft carriers from 1926 to 1932.

Development and design[edit]

Having built 75 examples of the Martin SC, the production version of the Curtiss CS in 1925, the Glenn L. Martin Company was able to offer an improved version when the U.S. Navy had a requirement for an improved torpedo-bomber/scout aircraft. This aircraft, which was designated the T3M-1, first flew in July 1926.[1]

The T3M was a large single-engined biplane capable of being fitted with either a conventional tailwheel undercarriage or floats. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube in place of the riveted steel frame of the CS/SC,[2] with the pilot and bombardier seated side by side in the front cockpit situated forward of the wing, with the bombardier having a position under the nose for aiming the aircraft's bombs or torpedoes, while the gunner had a cockpit well aft of the wing, with a radiator slung under the top wing between the cockpits.[3] Power was from a 575 hp (429 kW) Wright T-3B V-12 engine. 24 T3M-1s were built.[4]

As the T3M-1 was underpowered,[2] a new version was produced with the much more powerful (770 hp/574 kW) Packard 3A-2500 engine. This version, the T3M-2 had revised wings with the upper and lower wings of equal span (while in the T3M-1 the lower wings were of greater span), and the radiator was replaced by two radiators on the fuselage side, allowing the crew to be moved to three individual tandem cockpits.[4] The U.S. Navy ordered 100 T3M-2s, one of which was re-engined with the Pratt & Whitney Hornet and the Wright Cyclone radial engines as the XT3M-3 and XT3M-4 respectively.[4] These aircraft formed the basis of the Martin T4M that would replace the T3M in service with the U.S. Navy.

Operational history[edit]

T3M-2s and Curtiss F6Cs on the deck of the carrier USS Lexington

Deliveries of the T3M-1 to the U.S. Navy started in September 1926.[1] The T3M-1 was not heavily used, however, and was replaced in service by the more powerful T3M-2 from 1927. Although the T3M-2 itself was replaced in frontline service by its radial-powered development, the T4M, it remained in squadron service until at least 1932.[1]

Variants[edit]

T3M-1
Initial production version. Powered by 575 hp (429 kW) Wright T-3B engine. 24 built.
T3M-2
Main production version. One 770 hp (574 kW) Packard 3A-2500 engine. 100 built.
XT3M-3
First T3M-2 re-engined with Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet radial engine.
XT3M-4
XT3M-3 modified by Naval Aircraft Factory to use Wright R-1750 Cyclone.

Operators[edit]

T3M-2
 United States

Specifications (T3M-2)[edit]

Data from United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 [6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: three
  • Length: 41 ft 4 in (12.60 m)
  • Wingspan: 56 ft 7 in (17.25 m)
  • Height: 15 ft 1 in (4.60 m)
  • Wing area: 883 sq ft (82.1 m2)
  • Empty weight: 5,814 lb (2,643 kg)
  • Gross weight: 9,503 lb (4,320 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Packard 3A-2500 liquid-cooled V-12 engine, 770 hp (574 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 109 mph (175 km/h, 95 kn)
  • Range: 634 mi (1,020 km, 551 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,900 ft (2,400 m)
  • Wing loading: 10.8 lb/sq ft (52.6 kg/m2)
  • Power/mass: 0.081 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
  • Climb to 5,000 ft: 16.8 min

Armament

  • 1 × flexibly mounted 0.3 in (7.62 mm) machine gun in rear cockpit
  • 1 × torpedo or bombs under fuselage

See also[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Grossnick 1995, p.507.
  2. ^ a b Martin T4M Archived 2010-01-18 at the Wayback Machine Naval Air Station Grosse Point Ile Virtual Museum. Retrieved 17 March 2008
  3. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.310
  4. ^ a b c Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.311.
  5. ^ Johnson 1977, p.92.
  6. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313

Bibliography[edit]

  • Donald, David (editor). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Aerospace Publishing. 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • Grossnik, Roy A. Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons: Volume 1 The History of VA, VAH, VAK, VAL, VAP and VFA Squadrons. Washington DC: Naval Historical Centre, 1995. ISBN 0-945274-29-7.
  • Johnson, Edward C. Marine Corps Aviation: The Early Years 1912–1940. Washington DC: U.S. Marine Corps, 1977.
  • Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London:Putnam, Second edition 1976. ISBN 0-370-10054-9.
  • Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.) Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martin T3M.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_T3M&oldid=1066913921"