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The '''Martin T3M''' was an [[United States|American]] [[torpedo bomber]] of the 1920s. A single-engined three-seat [[biplane]], it became a standard torpedo bomber of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]], operating from both land bases and from [[aircraft carrier]]s from 1926 to 1932.
The '''Martin T3M''' was an American [[torpedo bomber]] of the 1920s. A single-engined three-seat [[biplane]], it became a standard torpedo bomber of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]], operating from both land bases and from [[aircraft carrier]]s from 1926 to 1932.


==Development and design==
==Development and design==
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==Specifications (T3M-2)==
==Specifications (T3M-2)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aircraft specifications
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|plane or copter?=plane<!-- options: plane/copter -->
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|ref=United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 <ref name="Swan navy p313">Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313</ref>
|ref=United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 <ref name="Swan navy p313">Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313</ref>
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|crew=three
|crew=three
|length ft= 41
|capacity=
|length main= 41 ft 4 in
|length in= 4
|length alt= 12.60 m
|length m= 12.60
|span main= 56 ft 7 in
|span ft= 56
|span alt= 17.25 m
|span in= 7
|span m= 17.25
⚫
|height main= 15 ft 1 in
|height alt= 4.60 m
|height ft= 15
⚫
|height in= 1
|area main= 883 ft<sup>2</sup>
|height m= 4.60
|area alt= 82.1 m<sup>2</sup>
|wing area sqft= 883
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 5,814 lb
|wing area sqm= 82.1
|empty weight alt= 2,643 kg
|empty weight lb= 5,814
|loaded weight main= 9,503 lb
|empty weight kg= 2,643
|loaded weight alt= 4,320 kg
|gross weight lb= 9,503
|useful load main=
|gross weight kg= 4,320
⚫
|eng1 name=[[Packard 1A-2500|Packard 3A-2500]]
|useful load alt=
⚫
|eng1 type= liquid-cooled V-12 engine
|max takeoff weight main=
|eng1 number=1
|max takeoff weight alt=
⚫
|eng1 hp= 770
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|eng1 kw= 574
⚫
|engine (prop)=[[Packard 1A-2500|Packard 3A-2500]]
⚫
|max speed mph= 109
⚫
|type of prop= liquid-cooled V-12 engine
⚫
|max speed kts= 95
|number of props=1
⚫
|max speed kmh= 175
⚫
|power main= 770 hp
|power alt= 574 kW
|range miles= 634
⚫
|range nmi= 551
|power original=
⚫
|range km= 1,020
⚫
|ceiling ft= 7,900
⚫
|max speed main= 109 mph
⚫
|ceiling m= 2,400
⚫
|max speed alt= 95 kn, 175 km/h
|wing loading lb/sqft= 10.8
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|wing loading kg/m2= 52.6
⚫
|power/mass=0.081 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
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⚫
|stall speed alt=
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|range main= 634 mi
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|range alt= 551 nmi, 1,020 km
⚫
|ceiling main= 7,900 ft
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|ceiling alt= 2,400 m
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|loading main= 10.8 lb/ft<sup>2</sup>
|loading alt= 52.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
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|power/mass main= 0.081 hp/lb
⚫
|power/mass alt= 0.13 kW/kg
|more performance=*'''Climb to 5,000 ft:''' 16.8 min
|more performance=*'''Climb to 5,000 ft:''' 16.8 min
|armament=
|armament=
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==See also==
==See also==
{{aircontent
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|related=*[[Curtiss CS|Curtiss CS/Martin SC]]<br/>
|related=*[[Curtiss CS|Curtiss CS/Martin SC]]<br/>
*[[Martin T4M|Martin T4M/Great Lakes TG]]
*[[Martin T4M|Martin T4M/Great Lakes TG]]
|similar aircraft=*[[Blackburn Ripon]]<br/>
|similar aircraft=*[[Blackburn Ripon]]<br/>
*[[Mitsubishi B2M]]<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
*[[Mitsubishi B2M]]
|lists=*[[List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)]]<!-- related lists -->
|lists=*[[List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)]]
|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
|see also=
}}
}}


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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Martin T3M}}
{{commons category|Martin T3M}}
*[https://archive.is/20121214165953/http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/martin/t3m.htm Martin T3M] ''Aeroweb''.
*[https://archive.today/20121214165953/http://www.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/martin/t3m.htm Martin T3M] ''Aeroweb''.
*[http://aerofiles.com/_martin.html Martin] ''Aerofiles''.
*[http://aerofiles.com/_martin.html Martin] ''Aerofiles''.


Latest revision as of 19:20, 20 January 2022

"T3M" redirects here. For other uses, see The Three Musketeers.
T3M
T3M-2 floatplane
Role Torpedo bomber
Manufacturer Glenn L. Martin Company
First flight 1926
Introduction 1926
Retired 1932
Primary user United States Navy
Number built 124
Developed from Curtiss CS
Variants Martin T4M

The Martin T3M was an American torpedo bomber of the 1920s. A single-engined three-seat biplane, it became a standard torpedo bomber of the U.S. Navy, operating from both land bases and from aircraft carriers from 1926 to 1932.

Development and design[edit]

Having built 75 examples of the Martin SC, the production version of the Curtiss CS in 1925, the Glenn L. Martin Company was able to offer an improved version when the U.S. Navy had a requirement for an improved torpedo-bomber/scout aircraft. This aircraft, which was designated the T3M-1, first flew in July 1926.[1]

The T3M was a large single-engined biplane capable of being fitted with either a conventional tailwheel undercarriage or floats. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube in place of the riveted steel frame of the CS/SC,[2] with the pilot and bombardier seated side by side in the front cockpit situated forward of the wing, with the bombardier having a position under the nose for aiming the aircraft's bombs or torpedoes, while the gunner had a cockpit well aft of the wing, with a radiator slung under the top wing between the cockpits.[3] Power was from a 575 hp (429 kW) Wright T-3B V-12 engine. 24 T3M-1s were built.[4]

As the T3M-1 was underpowered,[2] a new version was produced with the much more powerful (770 hp/574 kW) Packard 3A-2500 engine. This version, the T3M-2 had revised wings with the upper and lower wings of equal span (while in the T3M-1 the lower wings were of greater span), and the radiator was replaced by two radiators on the fuselage side, allowing the crew to be moved to three individual tandem cockpits.[4] The U.S. Navy ordered 100 T3M-2s, one of which was re-engined with the Pratt & Whitney Hornet and the Wright Cyclone radial engines as the XT3M-3 and XT3M-4 respectively.[4] These aircraft formed the basis of the Martin T4M that would replace the T3M in service with the U.S. Navy.

Operational history[edit]

T3M-2s and Curtiss F6Cs on the deck of the carrier USS Lexington

Deliveries of the T3M-1 to the U.S. Navy started in September 1926.[1] The T3M-1 was not heavily used, however, and was replaced in service by the more powerful T3M-2 from 1927. Although the T3M-2 itself was replaced in frontline service by its radial-powered development, the T4M, it remained in squadron service until at least 1932.[1]

Variants[edit]

T3M-1
Initial production version. Powered by 575 hp (429 kW) Wright T-3B engine. 24 built.
T3M-2
Main production version. One 770 hp (574 kW) Packard 3A-2500 engine. 100 built.
XT3M-3
First T3M-2 re-engined with Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet radial engine.
XT3M-4
XT3M-3 modified by Naval Aircraft Factory to use Wright R-1750 Cyclone.

Operators[edit]

T3M-2
 United States

Specifications (T3M-2)[edit]

Data from United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 [6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: three
  • Length: 41 ft 4 in (12.60 m)
  • Wingspan: 56 ft 7 in (17.25 m)
  • Height: 15 ft 1 in (4.60 m)
  • Wing area: 883 sq ft (82.1 m2)
  • Empty weight: 5,814 lb (2,643 kg)
  • Gross weight: 9,503 lb (4,320 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Packard 3A-2500 liquid-cooled V-12 engine, 770 hp (574 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 109 mph (175 km/h, 95 kn)
  • Range: 634 mi (1,020 km, 551 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,900 ft (2,400 m)
  • Wing loading: 10.8 lb/sq ft (52.6 kg/m2)
  • Power/mass: 0.081 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
  • Climb to 5,000 ft: 16.8 min

Armament

  • 1 × flexibly mounted 0.3 in (7.62 mm) machine gun in rear cockpit
  • 1 × torpedo or bombs under fuselage

See also[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Grossnick 1995, p.507.
  2. ^ a b Martin T4M Archived 2010-01-18 at the Wayback Machine Naval Air Station Grosse Point Ile Virtual Museum. Retrieved 17 March 2008
  3. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.310
  4. ^ a b c Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.311.
  5. ^ Johnson 1977, p.92.
  6. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p.313

Bibliography[edit]

  • Donald, David (editor). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Aerospace Publishing. 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • Grossnik, Roy A. Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons: Volume 1 The History of VA, VAH, VAK, VAL, VAP and VFA Squadrons. Washington DC: Naval Historical Centre, 1995. ISBN 0-945274-29-7.
  • Johnson, Edward C. Marine Corps Aviation: The Early Years 1912–1940. Washington DC: U.S. Marine Corps, 1977.
  • Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London:Putnam, Second edition 1976. ISBN 0-370-10054-9.
  • Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.) Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martin T3M.
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