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{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Fagaceae}}
{{taxobox
{{speciesbox
⚫
| image = Leaves of California Scrub Oak.JPG
| name = California scrub oak
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
| image = Leaves of California Scrub Oak.JPG
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status = LC
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Beckman, E. |date=2020 |title=''Quercus berberidifolia'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T194068A173545406 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T194068A173545406.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| genus = Quercus
| familia = [[Fagaceae]]
| display_parents = 2
| genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
| sectio = ''[[List of Quercus species#Section Quercus|Quercus]]''
| parent = Quercus sect. Quercus
| species = '''''Q. berberidifolia'''''
| species = berberidifolia
⚫
| authority = [[Frederik Michael Liebmann|Liebm.]]
| binomial = ''Quercus berberidifolia''
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{ThePlantList |id=kew-171775 |taxon=Quercus berberidifolia |authority=Liebm.}}</ref>
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Frederik Michael Liebmann|Liebm.]] 1854
| synonyms =
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-171775 The Plant List, ''Quercus berberidifolia'' Liebm. ]</ref>
| synonyms = *''Quercus agrifolia'' var. ''berberidifolia'' <small>(Liebm.) Wenz.</small>
* ''Quercus agrifolia'' var. ''berberidifolia'' <small>(Liebm.) [[Wenz.]]</small>
*''Quercus dumosa'' f. ''berberidifolia'' <small>(Liebm.) Trel.</small>
* ''Quercus dumosa'' f. ''berberidifolia'' <small>(Liebm.) [[Trel.]]</small>
*''Quercus dumosa'' var. ''munita'' <small>Greene</small>
* ''Quercus dumosa'' var. ''munita'' <small>[[Edward Lee Greene|Greene]]</small>
}}
}}


'''''Quercus berberidifolia''''', the '''California scrub oak''', is a small evergreen or semi-evergreen [[shrub]]by [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Quercus|white oak]] section ''Quercus'' sect. ''Quercus''. It is a native of the scrubby hills of [[California]], and is a common member of [[chaparral]] ecosystems.<ref>[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6986 Calflora taxon report, University of California, ''Quercus berberidifolia'' Liebm., inland scrub oak, scrub oak ]</ref>
'''''Quercus berberidifolia''''', the '''California scrub oak''', is a small evergreen or semi-evergreen [[shrub]]by [[oak]] in the [[white oak]] section of ''Quercus''. It is a native of the scrubby hills of [[California]], and is a common member of [[chaparral]] ecosystems.<ref>{{Calflora|Quercus berberidifolia}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Quercus berberidifolia'' grows to 1&ndash;2 meters (40-80 inches) tall, rarely to {{convert|4|m|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}or 10 feet), and has sharply toothed, dull green [[leaf|leaves]] which are {{convert|1.5|-|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|-|2|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} broad, leathery on their top surfaces and somewhat hairy underneath. The solitary or paired brown [[acorn]]s are {{convert|1|-|3|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|-|2|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} broad, and pointed or egg-shaped with thin caps when mature; they mature in about 6&ndash;8 months after pollination. In cooler, more exposed areas, scrub oak is usually a small, compact shrub, but in warm or sheltered areas the plant can spread out and grow several meters high.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501011 Flora of North America: ''Quercus berberidifolia'']</ref>
''Quercus berberidifolia'' grows to {{Convert|1–2|m|ft|frac=2}} tall, rarely to {{convert|4|m|abbr=on|sp=us}}, and has sharply toothed, dull green [[leaves]] which are {{convert|1.5|-|3|cm|abbr=off|frac=8}} long and {{convert|1|-|2|cm|frac=2|abbr=on}} broad, leathery on their top surfaces and somewhat hairy underneath. The solitary or paired brown [[acorn]]s are {{convert|1|-|3|cm|frac=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|-|2|cm|frac=2|abbr=on}} broad, and pointed or egg-shaped with thin caps when mature; they mature in about 6&ndash;8 months after pollination. In cooler, more exposed areas, scrub oak is usually a small, compact shrub, but in warm or sheltered areas the plant can spread out and grow several meters high.<ref>{{eFloras|1|233501011|Quercus berberidifolia |first=Kevin C. |last=Nixon |volume=3}}</ref>


The epithet ''"berberidifolia"'' means "barberry-leaved," referring to the spiny leaf margins characteristic of ''Q. berberidifolia'' as well as of several species of ''[[Berberis]].''
The epithet ''berberidifolia'' means "barberry-leaved," referring to the spiny leaf margins characteristic of ''Q. berberidifolia'' as well as of several species of ''[[Berberis]].''


==Other species==
==Other species==
{{Main|Scrub oak}}
⚫
Often known simply as '''scrub oak''', though this name is also applied to other ''Quercus'' species, especially several which were formerly grouped under the single name ''Q. dumosa'', all are found in [[scrubland|scrubby]] habitats. Many other [[Scrub oak|scrub-type oaks]] may be found in these regions, and careful inspection is required to identify individuals of ''Q. berberidifolia'' and its hybrids.

⚫
The species is often known simply as '''scrub oak''', though this name is also applied to other ''Quercus'' species, especially several which were formerly grouped under the single name ''Q. dumosa''; all are found in [[Shrubland|scrubby]] habitats. Many other scrub-type oaks may be found in these regions, and careful inspection is required to identify individuals of ''Q. berberidifolia'' and its hybrids.


''Quercus berberidifolia'' sometimes [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizes]] with other species.
''Quercus berberidifolia'' sometimes [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizes]] with other species.


==Chaparral origins==
==Chaparral origins==
The word ''chaparral'' is derived from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for scrub oak, ''chaparro'.' The non-specific meaning of the term is 'short in stature.'
The word ''chaparral'' is derived from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for scrub oak, ''chaparro.'' The non-specific meaning of the term is 'short in stature.'
Because most scrub vegetation is rather low growing, the term is broadly applied to all of the vegetation in "chaparral" communities.
Because most scrub vegetation is rather low growing, the term is broadly applied to all of the vegetation in [[chaparral]] communities.

==See also==
*[[California chaparral and woodlands]]


==References==
==References==
Line 41: Line 40:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Quercus+berberidifolia Jepson Flora Project: ''Quercus berberidifolia'']
* {{Jepson Manual |taxon=Quercus berberidifolia |link=1}}
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/05/science/05clone.html?ref=science New York Times article: Oldest Scrub Oak through self cloning]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/05/science/05clone.html?ref=science New York Times article: Oldest Scrub Oak through self cloning]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2701006}}


[[Category:Quercus|berberidifolia]]
[[Category:Quercus|berberidifolia]]
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[[Category:Natural history of the Transverse Ranges]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Transverse Ranges]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1854]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1854]]
[[Category:Bird food plants]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]

Latest revision as of 12:35, 6 April 2022

California scrub oak
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Quercus
Section: Quercus sect. Quercus
Species:
Q. berberidifolia
Binomial name
Quercus berberidifolia
Synonyms[2]
  • Quercus agrifolia var. berberidifolia (Liebm.) Wenz.
  • Quercus dumosa f. berberidifolia (Liebm.) Trel.
  • Quercus dumosa var. munita Greene

Quercus berberidifolia, the California scrub oak, is a small evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubby oak in the white oak section of Quercus. It is a native of the scrubby hills of California, and is a common member of chaparral ecosystems.[3]

Description[edit]

Quercus berberidifolia grows to 1–2 metres (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) tall, rarely to 4 m (13 ft), and has sharply toothed, dull green leaves which are 1.5–3 centimetres (5⁄8–1+1⁄8 inches) long and 1–2 cm (1⁄2–1 in) broad, leathery on their top surfaces and somewhat hairy underneath. The solitary or paired brown acorns are 1–3 cm (1⁄2–1 in) long and 1–2 cm (1⁄2–1 in) broad, and pointed or egg-shaped with thin caps when mature; they mature in about 6–8 months after pollination. In cooler, more exposed areas, scrub oak is usually a small, compact shrub, but in warm or sheltered areas the plant can spread out and grow several meters high.[4]

The epithet berberidifolia means "barberry-leaved," referring to the spiny leaf margins characteristic of Q. berberidifolia as well as of several species of Berberis.

Other species[edit]

Main article: Scrub oak

The species is often known simply as scrub oak, though this name is also applied to other Quercus species, especially several which were formerly grouped under the single name Q. dumosa; all are found in scrubby habitats. Many other scrub-type oaks may be found in these regions, and careful inspection is required to identify individuals of Q. berberidifolia and its hybrids.

Quercus berberidifolia sometimes hybridizes with other species.

Chaparral origins[edit]

The word chaparral is derived from the Spanish word for scrub oak, chaparro. The non-specific meaning of the term is 'short in stature.' Because most scrub vegetation is rather low growing, the term is broadly applied to all of the vegetation in chaparral communities.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Beckman, E. (2020). "Quercus berberidifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T194068A173545406. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T194068A173545406.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Quercus berberidifolia Liebm.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ^ "Quercus berberidifolia". Calflora. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
  4. ^ Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus berberidifolia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_berberidifolia&oldid=1081274846"