Stansted Mountfitchet Castle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Norman ringwork and bailey fortification in Essex, England}} |
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{{Redirect|Mountfitchet Castle|the former castle in London|Montfichet's Tower}} |
{{Redirect|Mountfitchet Castle|the former castle in London|Montfichet's Tower}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} |
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{{Use British English|date=June 2013}} |
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox military installation |
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|name = Stansted Mountfitchet Castle |
|name = Stansted Mountfitchet Castle |
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|location = [[Stansted Mountfitchet]], [[Essex]], England |
|location = [[Stansted Mountfitchet]], [[Essex]], England |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Mountfitchet Castle - geograph.org.uk - 188986.jpg|thumb|upright=1. |
[[File:Mountfitchet Castle - geograph.org.uk - 188986.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|left|Reconstructed interior of the castle with free-roaming [[chicken]]s]] |
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The castle was built following the [[Norman Conquest]] of England by the [[Montfitchet family]].<ref name="Pettifer, p. 74">Pettifer, p. 74.</ref> It was constructed on high ground with a [[ringwork]] defence, enclosing around {{convert|0.5|acre}}, and a bailey complex, enclosing {{convert|1|acre}} on slightly lower ground.<ref name=BHOnline>'Stansted Mountfitchet', An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 1: North West (1916), pp. |
The castle was built following the [[Norman Conquest]] of England by the [[Montfitchet family]].<ref name="Pettifer, p. 74">Pettifer, p. 74.</ref> It was constructed on high ground with a [[ringwork]] defence, enclosing around {{convert|0.5|acre}}, and a bailey complex, enclosing {{convert|1|acre}} on slightly lower ground.<ref name=BHOnline>'Stansted Mountfitchet', An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 1: North West (1916), pp. 275–280. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=122476 Date accessed: 5 May 2013.</ref> Within the ringwork was a [[keep]], within a small, round enclosure.<ref name=BHOnline/> |
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It is believed to have been an early Iron Age fort and Roman, Saxon and Viking settlement. Artefacts found on the site from these periods support this belief. |
It is believed to have been an early Iron Age fort and Roman, Saxon and Viking settlement. Artefacts found on the site from these periods support this belief. |
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In 1066 the site was attacked by the Normans and Robert Gernon built his castle here, making it his chief seat and the head of his Barony. Robert Gernon (or Robert Greno as he is referred to in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086) came over from France with [[William the Conqueror]], and was rewarded with this |
In 1066 the site was attacked by the Normans and Robert Gernon built his castle here, making it his chief seat and the head of his Barony. Robert Gernon (or Robert Greno as he is referred to in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086) came over from France with [[William the Conqueror]], and was rewarded with this lordship and several others in the county. The male line of the Gernon family continued for only five generations. |
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==Conservation== |
==Conservation== |
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Mountfitchet Castle is a [[scheduled monument]].<ref name="NHLE">{{NHLE|num=1009311 |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref>In the 1980s the castle was reconstructed as a tourist attraction.<ref name="Pettifer, p. 74"/><ref>Blockley, p. 17.</ref> The grounds were cleared to reveal the original earthworks and mounds and after years of battling with planners, in 1980 the work began to reconstruct Mountfitchet Castle. After many years of work the restoration of Mountfitchet Castle was complete, and it was opened to the public in 1985. It is unique in being the only wooden Motte and Bailey reconstruction on its original site anywhere in the world. |
Mountfitchet Castle is a [[scheduled monument]].<ref name="NHLE">{{NHLE|num=1009311 |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> In the 1980s the castle was reconstructed as a tourist attraction.<ref name="Pettifer, p. 74"/><ref>Blockley, p. 17.</ref> The grounds were cleared to reveal the original earthworks and mounds and after years of battling with planners, in 1980 the work began to reconstruct Mountfitchet Castle. After many years of work the restoration of Mountfitchet Castle was complete, and it was opened to the public in 1985. It is unique in being the only wooden Motte and Bailey reconstruction on its original site anywhere in the world. |
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==Livestock== |
==Livestock== |
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The castle is the home of livestock, that would have been kept by people during the period when the castle was in use. |
The castle is the home of livestock, that would have been kept by people during the period when the castle was in use. |
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In 2013, one of the castle's [[cockerel]]s, a [[Brahma chicken|Light Brahma]] named '[[Little John]]', was nominated for the [[Guinness World Records|world record]] for tallest chicken, standing at 66 centimetres tall.<ref> |
In 2013, one of the castle's [[cockerel]]s, a [[Brahma chicken|Light Brahma]] named '[[Little John]]', was nominated for the [[Guinness World Records|world record]] for tallest chicken, standing at 66 centimetres tall.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/10071138/Worlds-tallest-cockerel-reared-on-popcorn.html |title=World's tallest cockerel reared on popcorn |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |access-date=31 July 2017 |last=Silverman |first=Rosa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917154719/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/10071138/Worlds-tallest-cockerel-reared-on-popcorn.html |archive-date=17 September 2022}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/constructedpast00plan |
| url = https://archive.org/details/constructedpast00plan |
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| url-access = limited |
| url-access = limited |
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| edition = |
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| publisher = Routledge |
| publisher = Routledge |
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| location= London, UK |
| location= London, UK |
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| isbn = |
| isbn = 978-0-203-20582-2 |
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| pages = [https://archive.org/details/constructedpast00plan/page/n35 15]–32 |
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/constructedpast00plan/page/n35 15]–32 |
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| ref = |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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| publisher = Boydell Press |
| publisher = Boydell Press |
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| location= Woodbridge, UK |
| location= Woodbridge, UK |
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| isbn = |
| isbn = 978-0-85115-782-5 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ref= |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Ringwork castles]] |
[[Category:Ringwork castles]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:27, 5 April 2023
| Stansted Mountfitchet Castle | |
|---|---|
| Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, England | |
 The entrance to the castle | |
  Stansted Mountfitchet Castle | |
| Coordinates | 51°54′10″N 0°12′03″E / 51.9029°N 0.2007°E |
| Grid reference | grid reference TL515250 |
| Site information | |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Site history | |
| Materials | Stone and timber |
Stansted Mountfitchet Castle, also termed simply Mountfitchet Castle, is a Norman ringwork and bailey fortification in Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, England. The site is currently in use as a Living history museum.
History[edit]
The castle was built following the Norman Conquest of England by the Montfitchet family.[1] It was constructed on high ground with a ringwork defence, enclosing around 0.5 acres (0.20 ha), and a bailey complex, enclosing 1 acre (0.40 ha) on slightly lower ground.[2] Within the ringwork was a keep, within a small, round enclosure.[2]
It is believed to have been an early Iron Age fort and Roman, Saxon and Viking settlement. Artefacts found on the site from these periods support this belief. In 1066 the site was attacked by the Normans and Robert Gernon built his castle here, making it his chief seat and the head of his Barony. Robert Gernon (or Robert Greno as he is referred to in the Domesday Book of 1086) came over from France with William the Conqueror, and was rewarded with this lordship and several others in the county. The male line of the Gernon family continued for only five generations.
Conservation[edit]
Mountfitchet Castle is a scheduled monument.[3] In the 1980s the castle was reconstructed as a tourist attraction.[1][4] The grounds were cleared to reveal the original earthworks and mounds and after years of battling with planners, in 1980 the work began to reconstruct Mountfitchet Castle. After many years of work the restoration of Mountfitchet Castle was complete, and it was opened to the public in 1985. It is unique in being the only wooden Motte and Bailey reconstruction on its original site anywhere in the world.
Livestock[edit]
The castle is the home of livestock, that would have been kept by people during the period when the castle was in use. In 2013, one of the castle's cockerels, a Light Brahma named 'Little John', was nominated for the world record for tallest chicken, standing at 66 centimetres tall.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Pettifer, p. 74.
- ^ a b 'Stansted Mountfitchet', An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 1: North West (1916), pp. 275–280. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=122476 Date accessed: 5 May 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1009311)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
- ^ Blockley, p. 17.
- ^ Silverman, Rosa. "World's tallest cockerel reared on popcorn". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
Bibliography[edit]
- Blockley, Marion (1999). "Archaeological Reconstructions and the Community in the UK". In Planel, Philippe; Stone, Peter G. (eds.). The Constructed Past: Experimental Archaeology, Education and the Public. London, UK: Routledge. pp. 15–32. ISBN 978-0-203-20582-2.
- Pettifer, Adrian (1995). English Castles: a Guide by Counties. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-782-5.