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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
|image = Actinodaphne_malaccensis_-_détail_des_feuilles_(partie_supérieure).JPG
|name = ''Actinodaphne''
|image_caption = ''[[Actinodaphne malaccensis]]''
|image =Actinodaphne_malaccensis_-_détail_des_feuilles_(partie_supérieure).JPG
|image_caption = ''Actinodaphne malaccensis''
|taxon = Actinodaphne
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|authority = [[Nees]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
|ordo = [[Laurales]]
|familia = [[Lauraceae]]
|genus = '''''Actinodaphne'''''
|genus_authority = [[Nees]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
*''Parasassafras'' <small>[[D.G.Long]]</small>
''Actinomorphe'' {{small|Kuntze}}
|synonyms_ref= <ref name = powo/>
}}
}}
[[File:Actinodaphne lancifolia - Miyajima Natural Botanical Garden - DSC02348.JPG|thumb|upright|''[[Actinodaphne lancifolia]]'']]
[[File:Actinodaphne lancifolia - Miyajima Natural Botanical Garden - DSC02348.JPG|thumb|upright|''[[Actinodaphne lancifolia]]'']]

'''''Actinodaphne''''' is an Asian [[genus]] of the family [[Lauraceae]], bay laurel-related, that comprises a group of flowering plants within the order [[Laurales]].
'''''Actinodaphne''''' is an Asian [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the laurel family ([[Lauraceae]]). It contains approximately 125 species<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21320-1 ''Actinodaphne'' Nees]. ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 11 April 2023.</ref> of [[dioecious]] evergreen trees and shrubs.<ref name =floraofchina/>

Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji.<ref name = powo/> There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.<ref name =floraofchina/>


==Description==
==Description==
This genus of [[dioecious]] evergreen trees and shrubs has 140 [[species]], in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, with 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.
The trees are 3 to 25 m tall, with leaves usually clustered or nearly verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite, unlobed, pinninerved, and rarely triplinerved.
The trees are 3 to 25 m tall, with leaves usually clustered or nearly verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite, unlobed, pinninerved, and rarely triplinerved.
The flowers are star-shaped, small, and greenish. The flowers are clustered or whorled and are unisexual.<ref>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF07/Actinodaphne.pdf Flora of China]</ref>
The flowers are star-shaped, small, and greenish. The flowers are clustered or whorled and are unisexual.<ref name =floraofchina>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF07/Actinodaphne.pdf Flora of China]</ref>
Umbels are solitary or clustered or arranged in a panicle or raceme; involucral bracts are imbricated and caducous.
Umbels are solitary or clustered or arranged in a panicle or raceme; involucral bracts are imbricated and caducous.
The perianth tube is short; perianth segments usually number six in two whorls of three each, nearly equal, and rarely persistent. The male flowers have fertile stamens usually 9 in three whorls of three each; filaments of the first and second whorls are eglandular, and of the third whorl are biglandular at the base; anthers are all introrse and four-celled; cells openg by lids; the rudimentary pistil is small or lacking.
The perianth tube is short; perianth segments usually number six in two whorls of three each, nearly equal, and rarely persistent. The male flowers have fertile stamens usually 9 in three whorls of three each; filaments of the first and second whorls are eglandular, and of the third whorl are biglandular at the base; anthers are all introrse and four-celled; cells opening by lids; the rudimentary pistil is small or lacking.
The female flowers has staminodes as many as stamens of male flowers; the ovary is superior; the stigma is shield-shaped or dilated. The fruit is a berry-like drupe seated on shallow or deep, cup-shaped or discoid, perianth tube. It has a small single seed dispersed mostly by birds.
The female flowers has staminodes as many as stamens of male flowers; the ovary is superior; the stigma is shield-shaped or dilated. The fruit is a berry-like drupe seated on shallow or deep, cup-shaped or discoid, perianth tube. It has a small single seed dispersed mostly by birds.


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''Actinodaphne'' species require continuously moist soil, and do not tolerate drought and frost.{{cn|date=October 2014}}
''Actinodaphne'' species require continuously moist soil, and do not tolerate drought and frost.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}
The laurel trees fall within the broad-leaved forests; mid-montane deciduous forests; and high-montane mixed stunted forests. Some species grow in high-altitude forests at {{convert|1500|-|3300|m|abbr=on}}.
The laurel trees fall within the broad-leaved forests; mid-montane deciduous forests; and high-montane mixed stunted forests. Some species grow in high-elevation forests at {{convert|1500|-|3300|m|abbr=on}}.


==Species==
==Species==
125 species of ''Actinodaphne'' are accepted. They include:<ref name = powo/>
{{columns-list|3; width:700px; font-style:italic |
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Actinodaphne albifrons]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne acuminata]]'' {{small|(Blume) Meisn.}} – central and southern Japan, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan
* [[Actinodaphne bourneae]]
* [[Actinodaphne cupularis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne albifrons]]'' <small>[[Kosterm.]]</small> – Sri Lanka
* [[Actinodaphne cuspidata]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne amabilis]]'' {{small|Kosterm.}} – Thailand
* [[Actinodaphne ellipticbacca]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne ambigua]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}} – Sri Lanka
* [[Actinodaphne forrestii]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne andamanica]]'' {{small|M.Gangop.}} – Andaman Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne angustifolia]]'' {{small|(Blume) Nees}} – Nepal to Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi
* [[Actinodaphne glaucina]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne apoensis]]'' {{small|(Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser}} – Philippines (Mindanao).
* [[Actinodaphne fragilis]]
* [[Actinodaphne henryi]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne archboldiana]]'' {{small|C.K.Allen}} – New Guinea
* [[Actinodaphne johorensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne areolata]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Java
* [[Actinodaphne kweichowensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne bicolor]]'' {{small|(Merr.) Merr.}} – Philippines
* [[Actinodaphne lanata]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne borneensis]]'' {{small|Meisn.}} – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
* [[Actinodaphne lawsonii]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne bourdillonii]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – southern India
* [[Actinodaphne lecomtei]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne bourneae]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – southern India
* [[Actinodaphne magniflora]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne brassii]]'' {{small|C.K.Allen}} – Solomon Islands
* [[Actinodaphne malaccensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne caesia]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* [[Actinodaphne menghaiensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne campanulata]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}} – southern India
* [[Actinodaphne molochina]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne candolleana]]'' {{small|(Thwaites) Meisn.}} – Sri Lanka
* [[Actinodaphne montana]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne celebica]]'' {{small|Miq.}} – Sulawesi
* [[Actinodaphne mushanensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne cinerea]]'' {{small|Elmer}} – Philippines (Palawan)
* [[Actinodaphne obovata]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne concinna]]'' {{small|Ridl.}} – Peninsular Malaysia
* [[Actinodaphne obscurinervia]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne concolor]]'' {{small|Nees}} – Myanmar
* [[Actinodaphne omeiensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne corymbosa]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Sumatra
* [[Actinodaphne paotingensis]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne crassa]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} – China (Hunan)
* [[Actinodaphne pilosa]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne cupularis]]'' <small>(Hemsl.) Gamble</small> – southern China to Thailand
* [[Actinodaphne pruinosa]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne diversifolia]]'' {{small|Merr.}} – Borneo
* [[Actinodaphne quinqueflora]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne dolichophylla]]'' {{small|(Merr.) Merr.}} – southern Philippines
* [[Actinodaphne salicina]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne elegans]]'' {{small|Thwaites}} – Sri Lanka
* [[Actinodaphne sessilifructa]] <!-- Liu (Guihaia 7: 215. 1987) -->
* ''[[Actinodaphne ellipticbacca]]'' <small>Kosterm.</small> – northern Vietnam
* [[Actinodaphne speciosa]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne engleriana]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* [[Actinodaphne stenophylla]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne ferruginea]]'' {{small|H.Liu}} – southern Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne forrestii]]'' <small>(C.K.Allen) Kosterm.</small> – southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou) and Vietnam
* [[Actinodaphne trichocarpa]]
* [[Actinodaphne tsaii]]
* ''[[Actinodaphne fragilis]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne fuliginosa]]'' {{small|Airy Shaw}} – Borneo
[[File:Actinodaphne malaccensis - détail des feuilles.JPG|thumb|''[[Actinodaphne malaccensis]]'']]
* ''[[Actinodaphne furfuracea]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne glabra]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Borneo and Java
* ''[[Actinodaphne glauca]]'' {{small|Nees}} – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne glaucina]]'' <small>C.K.Allen</small> – Hainan
* ''[[Actinodaphne glomerata]]'' {{small|(Blume) Nees}} – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, and Sulawesi
* ''[[Actinodaphne gracilis]]'' {{small|Miq.}} – Sumatra
* ''[[Actinodaphne henryi]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – China (southern Yunnan) to northern Indochina
* ''[[Actinodaphne hirsuta]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Java
* ''[[Actinodaphne hypoleucophylla]]'' {{small|Hayata}} – southern China and central Taiwan
* ''[[Actinodaphne intermedia]]'' {{small|(Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser}} – Philippines
* ''[[Actinodaphne javanica]]'' {{small|Miq.}} – Java
* ''[[Actinodaphne johorensis]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne junghuhnii]]'' {{small|Stur}} – Sumatra
* ''[[Actinodaphne kinabaluensis]]'' {{small|Kosterm.}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne koshepangii]]'' {{small|Chun ex Hung T.Chang}} – China (northwestern Guangdong and western Hunan)
* ''[[Actinodaphne kostermansii]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo (Sabah and Brunei)
* ''[[Actinodaphne kweichowensis]]'' <small>Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang</small> – China (southwest Guangxi and southwest Guizhou)
* ''[[Actinodaphne lambirensis]]'' {{small|Tagane, Yahara & N.Okabe}} – Borneo (Sarawak)
* ''[[Actinodaphne lanata]]'' <small>Meisn.</small> – southern India
* ''[[Actinodaphne lanceolata]]'' {{small|Dalzell & A.Gibson}} – western India
* ''[[Actinodaphne latifolia]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne lawsonii]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – southern India
* ''[[Actinodaphne lecomtei]]'' <small>C.K.Allen</small> – China (Sichuan, Guizhou, and northern Guangdong)
* ''[[Actinodaphne ledermannii]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne leiophylla]]'' {{small|(Kurz) Hook.f.}} – southern Myanmar
* ''[[Actinodaphne longipes]]'' {{small|Kosterm.}} – Nepal to eastern India, Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne macgregorii]]'' {{small|(Merr.) Kosterm.}} – Philippines and Solomon Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne macrophylla]]'' {{small|(Blume) Nees}} – Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and Queensland
* ''[[Actinodaphne macroptera]]'' {{small|Miq.}} – Andaman Islands and Sumatra
* ''[[Actinodaphne madraspatana]]'' {{small|Bedd. ex Hook.f.}} – southern India
* ''[[Actinodaphne malaccensis]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> – Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne mansonii]]'' {{small|M.Gangop.}} – Myanmar
* ''[[Actinodaphne menghaiensis]]'' <small>J.Li</small> – China (southern Yunnan)
* ''[[Actinodaphne molochina]]'' <small>Nees</small> – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne moluccana]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Maluku
* ''[[Actinodaphne montana]]'' <small>Gamble</small> – Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne moonii]]'' {{small|Thwaites}} – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne multiflora]]'' {{small|Benth.}} – Solomon Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne mushanensis]]'' <small>(Hayata) Hayata</small> – Taiwan
* ''[[Actinodaphne myriantha]]'' {{small|Merr.}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne nicobarica]]'' {{small|M.Gangop.}} – Nicobar Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne nitida]]'' <small>Teschner</small> – New Guinea and Solomon Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne notabilis]]'' <small>Doweld</small> – Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne novoguineensis]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne obovata]]'' <small>(Nees) Blume</small> – central Himalayas to China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
* ''[[Actinodaphne obscurinervia]]'' <small>Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang</small> – China (eastern Sichuan)
* ''[[Actinodaphne obtusa]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne oleifolia]]'' {{small|Gamble}} – Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Actinodaphne omeiensis]]'' <small>(H.Liu) C.K.Allen</small> – China (Sichuan, Guizhou) and southwestern Thailand
* ''[[Actinodaphne paotingensis]]'' <small>Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang</small> – Hainan
* ''[[Actinodaphne pauciflora]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne pedunculata]]'' {{small|(Blume) Meisn.}} – southeastern China
* ''[[Actinodaphne percoriacea]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne perglabra]]'' {{small|Kosterm.}} – eastern Thailand
* ''[[Actinodaphne perlucida]]'' {{small|C.K.Allen}} – southern Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne pilosa]]'' <small>(Lour.) Merr.</small> – China (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan), Laos, and Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne pisifera]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}} – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne procera]]'' {{small|Nees}} – Java and Nicobar Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne pruinosa]]'' <small>Nees</small> – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne pubescens]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Java
* ''[[Actinodaphne pulchra]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne quercina]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Java
* ''[[Actinodaphne ramosii]]'' {{small|Brambach & Pelser}} – Philippines
* ''[[Actinodaphne rehderiana]]'' {{small|(C.K.Allen) Kosterm. ex Dao}} – northern Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne reticulata]]'' {{small|Meisn.}} – Assam
* ''[[Actinodaphne ridleyi]]'' {{small|Gamble}} – Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia (Johor)
* ''[[Actinodaphne robusta]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne rufescens]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne rumphii]]'' {{small|Blume}} – Maluku
* ''[[Actinodaphne salicina]]'' <small>Meisn.</small> – southern India
* ''[[Actinodaphne samarensis]]'' {{small|(Merr.) Merr.}} – southern Philippines
* ''[[Actinodaphne scleroptera]]'' {{small|Miq.}} – Sumatra
* ''[[Actinodaphne semengohensis]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne sesquipedalis]]'' {{small|Hook.f. & Thomson ex Meisn.}} – Myanmar, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Andaman Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne shendurunii]]'' {{small|Robi & Udayan}} – India (Kerala)
* ''[[Actinodaphne sikkimensis]]'' {{small|Meisn.}} – Nepal to eastern India, Myanmar, and Thailand
* ''[[Actinodaphne soepadmoi]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne solomonensis]]'' {{small|C.K.Allen}} – Solomon Islands
* ''[[Actinodaphne spathulifolia]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne speciosa]]'' <small>Nees</small> – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne stenophylla]]'' <small>Thwaites</small> – Sri Lanka
* ''[[Actinodaphne sulcata]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne superba]]'' {{small|Boerl.}} – Borneo and Sulawesi
* ''[[Actinodaphne tadulingamii]]'' {{small|Gamble}} – western and southern India
* ''[[Actinodaphne tayabensis]]'' {{small|(Elmer) Merr.}} – Philippines
* ''[[Actinodaphne tomentosa]]'' {{small|Teschner}} – New Guinea
* ''[[Actinodaphne tonkinensis]]'' {{small|Dao}} – Vietnam
* ''[[Actinodaphne trichocarpa]]'' <small>C.K.Allen</small> – China (Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan, and Guizhou)
* ''[[Actinodaphne tsaii]]'' <small>Hu</small> – China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
* ''[[Actinodaphne venosa]]'' {{small|S.Julia}} – Borneo
* ''[[Actinodaphne wightiana]]'' {{small|(Kuntze) Noltie}} – Borneo
}}
}}

===Formerly placed here===
* ''[[Litsea ligustrina]]'' <small>(Nees) Fern.-Vill.</small> (as ''[[Actinodaphne quinqueflora]]'' <small>Nees</small>) – Bangladesh, southwestern India, Myanmar, northeastern Pakistan, Sri Lanka


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*{{eFloras|110|100442|Actinodaphne}}
*http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=100442

*http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Actinodaphne

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2700450}}


[[Category:Actinodaphne| ]]
[[Category:Actinodaphne| ]]
[[Category:Laurales genera]]
[[Category:Lauraceae genera]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]

Latest revision as of 02:48, 12 April 2023

Actinodaphne
Actinodaphne malaccensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Actinodaphne
Nees
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Actinomorphe Kuntze

Actinodaphne lancifolia

Actinodaphne is an Asian genus of flowering plants in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It contains approximately 125 species[1] of dioecious evergreen trees and shrubs.[2]

Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji.[1] There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.[2]

Description[edit]

The trees are 3 to 25 m tall, with leaves usually clustered or nearly verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite, unlobed, pinninerved, and rarely triplinerved. The flowers are star-shaped, small, and greenish. The flowers are clustered or whorled and are unisexual.[2] Umbels are solitary or clustered or arranged in a panicle or raceme; involucral bracts are imbricated and caducous. The perianth tube is short; perianth segments usually number six in two whorls of three each, nearly equal, and rarely persistent. The male flowers have fertile stamens usually 9 in three whorls of three each; filaments of the first and second whorls are eglandular, and of the third whorl are biglandular at the base; anthers are all introrse and four-celled; cells opening by lids; the rudimentary pistil is small or lacking. The female flowers has staminodes as many as stamens of male flowers; the ovary is superior; the stigma is shield-shaped or dilated. The fruit is a berry-like drupe seated on shallow or deep, cup-shaped or discoid, perianth tube. It has a small single seed dispersed mostly by birds.

Ecology[edit]

Actinodaphne species require continuously moist soil, and do not tolerate drought and frost.[citation needed] The laurel trees fall within the broad-leaved forests; mid-montane deciduous forests; and high-montane mixed stunted forests. Some species grow in high-elevation forests at 1,500–3,300 m (4,900–10,800 ft).

Species[edit]

125 species of Actinodaphne are accepted. They include:[1]

Formerly placed here[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Actinodaphne Nees. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 11 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Flora of China
  • "Actinodaphne". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.


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