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{{Short description|Species of lettuce}}
{{taxobox
{{Italic title}}
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|image = Lactuca_floridana_-_Woodland_Lettuce.jpg
{{speciesbox
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|image_caption=
| name = Woodland lettuce
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| image = Lactuca_floridana_-_Woodland_Lettuce.jpg
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
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| image_caption =
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| status = G5
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| status_system = TNC
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.141244/Lactuca_floridana |website=explorer.natureserve.org}}</ref>
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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| genus = Lactuca
|tribus = [[Cichorieae]]
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| species = floridana
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|genus = ''[[Lactuca]]''
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| authority = (L.) Gaertn. 1791
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|species = '''''L. floridana'''''
|binomial = ''Lactuca floridana''
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2700948 Tropicos, ''Lactuca floridana'' (L.) Gaertn.]</ref>
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| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
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|binomial_authority = (L.) Gaertn. 1791
|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2700948 Tropicos, ''Lactuca floridana'' (L.) Gaertn.]</ref>
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|synonyms ={{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|''Sonchus floridanus'' <small>L. 1753</small>
|''Sonchus floridanus'' <small>L. 1753</small>
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|''Wiestia floridana'' <small>(L.) Sch.Bip.</small>
|''Wiestia floridana'' <small>(L.) Sch.Bip.</small>
}}}}
}}}}
'''''Lactuca floridana''''', the '''woodland lettuce''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=LAFL|taxon=Lactuca floridana|accessdate=2 August 2015}}</ref> is a North American species of [[Lactuca|wild lettuce]]. It is widespread across much of central Canada and the eastern and central United States from [[Ontario]] and [[Manitoba]] south as far as [[Texas]], [[Louisiana]], and Florida.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Lactuca%20floridana.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref>


'''''Lactuca floridana''''', commonly known as '''woodland lettuce''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=LAFL|taxon=Lactuca floridana|accessdate=2 August 2015}}</ref> '''Florida lettuce''',<ref name="MP">{{cite web |title=Lactuca floridana page |url=http://www.missouriplants.com/Lactuca_floridana_page.html |website=www.missouriplants.com}}</ref> or '''false lettuce'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lactuca floridana (False Lettuce, Florida Lettuce) {{!}} North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lactuca-floridana/ |website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu}}</ref> is a North American species of [[Lactuca|wild lettuce]]. It is native across much of central Canada and the eastern and central United States.
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''Lactuca floridana'' is an annual biennial herb in the [[Cichorieae|dandelion tribe]] within the [[Asteraceae|daisy family]] growing from a [[taproot]] a height of up to 200 cm (80 inches or 6.7 feet). The top of the stem bears a multibranched [[inflorescence]] with many [[Head (botany)|flower heads]]. Each head contains 10-20 blue or white ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a brown [[achene]].<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416715 Flora of North America, ''Lactuca floridana'' (Linnaeus) Gaertner, 1791. ]</ref>

''Lactuca floridana'' is an [[annual plant|annual]] or [[biennial plant]] in the [[Cichorieae]] (dandelion) tribe within the [[Asteraceae]] (daisy) family. ''Lactuca floridana'' was found to contain [[11β,13-Dihydro-lactucin-8-O-acetate hemihydrate]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=<nowiki>11β,13-Dihydrolactucin-8-O-acetate hemihydrate</nowiki>|author1=Fronczek|author2=Gomez-Barrios|author3=Fischer|author4=Fronczek|journal=Acta Crystallogr E |volume=65|issue=Pt. 10|pages=o2564–o2565|date=1 October 2009|doi=10.1107/S160053680903829X|pmc=2970292|pmid=21578003}}</ref>

==Description==
''L. floridana'' is a tall plant, growing to a height of {{convert |3-8|ft|m|1|order=flip|abbr=on|}}. It is usually unbranched with a central stem that is light or reddish green and hairless.<ref name="IL">{{cite web |title=Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) |url=https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/wild_lettucex.htm |website=www.illinoiswildflowers.info}}</ref> It has a pure white, milky sap. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate-oblong, and up to {{convert |10|in|cm|0|abbr=on|order=flip|}} long and {{convert |3|in|cm|0|abbr=on|order=flip|}} across. The largest leaves are often deeply pinnately lobed, although the leaves in general are variable and can be lobed or unlobed.<ref name="MP"/>

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The top of the stem bears a multibranched [[inflorescence]] with many [[Head (botany)|flower heads]]. Each head contains 10–20 blue or white ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a brown [[achene]].<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416715 Flora of North America, ''Lactuca floridana'' (Linnaeus) Gaertner, 1791.]</ref>

[[File:Woodland Lettuce.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Woodland lettuce (Lactuca floridana)|Flowers on woodland lettuce]]

==Etymology==
The genus name ''Lactuca'' is based on the Latin word for milk, "lac", and refers to the milky sap. The specific epithet means "of Florida".<ref>{{cite web |title=Lactuca floridana - Plant Finder |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277213&isprofile=0&chr=19 |website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''L. floridana'' is native in the United States from Texas to the west, Florida to the south, Massachusetts to the east, and the Canadian border to the north. In Canada it is native in Manitoba and Ontario, although it is possibly [[extirpated]] in Manitoba and it's critically imperiled in Ontario.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Lactuca%20floridana.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref> Habitats include disturbed areas, prairies, along roadsides, pastures, and miscellaneous waste areas.<ref name="IL"/>

==Ecology==
The plant blooms from July to October, and the nectar and pollen of the flowers attract bees.<ref name="IL"/>

==Uses==
The plant is edible and can be cooked and eaten as [[leaf vegetable|greens]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Florida Lettuce (Woodland Lettuce) |url=https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/florida-lettuce-woodland-lettuce |website=Missouri Department of Conservation |language=en}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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*[http://www.delawarewildflowers.org/plant.php?id=1106 Delaware Wildflowers] photos
*[http://www.delawarewildflowers.org/plant.php?id=1106 Delaware Wildflowers] photos
*[http://alabamaplants.com/Bluealt/Lactuca_floridana_page.html Alabama Plants] photo
*[http://alabamaplants.com/Bluealt/Lactuca_floridana_page.html Alabama Plants] photo

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15591435}}

[[Category:Lactuca|floridana]]
[[Category:Lactuca|floridana]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

{{Cichorieae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:16, 15 June 2023

Woodland lettuce

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Lactuca
Species:
L. floridana
Binomial name
Lactuca floridana
(L.) Gaertn. 1791
Synonyms[2]
Synonymy
  • Sonchus floridanus L. 1753
  • Galathenium floridanum (L.) Nutt.
  • Mulgedium floridanum (L.) DC.
  • Cicerbita acuminata (Willd.) Wallr.
  • Cicerbita borealis Wallr.
  • Cicerbita floridana (L.) Wallr.
  • Cicerbita villosa (Jacq.) Beauverd
  • Lactuca acuminata (Willd.) A.Gray
  • Lactuca villosa Jacq.
  • Mulgedium acuminatum (Willd.) DC.
  • Mulgedium lyratum Cass.
  • Mulgedium villosum (Jacq.) Small
  • Sonchus acuminatus Willd.
  • Sonchus lapponicus Froel.
  • Wiestia acuminata Sch.Bip.
  • Wiestia floridana (L.) Sch.Bip.

Lactuca floridana, commonly known as woodland lettuce,[3] Florida lettuce,[4] or false lettuce[5] is a North American species of wild lettuce. It is native across much of central Canada and the eastern and central United States.

Lactuca floridana is an annual or biennial plant in the Cichorieae (dandelion) tribe within the Asteraceae (daisy) family. Lactuca floridana was found to contain 11β,13-Dihydro-lactucin-8-O-acetate hemihydrate.[6]

Description[edit]

L. floridana is a tall plant, growing to a height of 0.9–2.4 m (3–8 ft). It is usually unbranched with a central stem that is light or reddish green and hairless.[7] It has a pure white, milky sap. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate-oblong, and up to 25 cm (10 in) long and 8 cm (3 in) across. The largest leaves are often deeply pinnately lobed, although the leaves in general are variable and can be lobed or unlobed.[4]

The top of the stem bears a multibranched inflorescence with many flower heads. Each head contains 10–20 blue or white ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a brown achene.[8]

Woodland lettuce (Lactuca floridana)
Flowers on woodland lettuce

Etymology[edit]

The genus name Lactuca is based on the Latin word for milk, "lac", and refers to the milky sap. The specific epithet means "of Florida".[9]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

L. floridana is native in the United States from Texas to the west, Florida to the south, Massachusetts to the east, and the Canadian border to the north. In Canada it is native in Manitoba and Ontario, although it is possibly extirpated in Manitoba and it's critically imperiled in Ontario.[10] Habitats include disturbed areas, prairies, along roadsides, pastures, and miscellaneous waste areas.[7]

Ecology[edit]

The plant blooms from July to October, and the nectar and pollen of the flowers attract bees.[7]

Uses[edit]

The plant is edible and can be cooked and eaten as greens.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. ^ Tropicos, Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Lactuca floridana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Lactuca floridana page". www.missouriplants.com.
  5. ^ "Lactuca floridana (False Lettuce, Florida Lettuce) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
  6. ^ Fronczek; Gomez-Barrios; Fischer; Fronczek (1 October 2009). "11β,13-Dihydrolactucin-8-O-acetate hemihydrate". Acta Crystallogr E. 65 (Pt. 10): o2564–o2565. doi:10.1107/S160053680903829X. PMC 2970292. PMID 21578003.
  7. ^ a b c "Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
  8. ^ Flora of North America, Lactuca floridana (Linnaeus) Gaertner, 1791.
  9. ^ "Lactuca floridana - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org.
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  11. ^ "Florida Lettuce (Woodland Lettuce)". Missouri Department of Conservation.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lactuca_floridana&oldid=1160263230"