Holothyrida: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Order of mites}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Holothyrida |
| name = Holothyrida |
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| image = |
| image = Sternothyrus braueri 62962027 cropped.jpg |
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| image_caption = '' |
| image_caption = ''Sternothyrus braueri'', a member of [[Holothyridae]] |
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| image2 = Diplothyrus-lecorrei-n-sp-Adult-idiosoma-a-male-ventral-view-b-female-ventral.jpg |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| image2_caption = Underside of male (left) and female (right) of ''Diplothyrus lecorrei'' ([[Neothyridae]]) |
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| phylum = [[Arthropoda]] |
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| classis = [[Arachnida]] |
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| authority = |
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| superordo = [[Parasitiformes]] |
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| ordo_authority = |
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| diversity = 10 genera, > 25 species |
| diversity = 10 genera, > 25 species |
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| range_map = |
| range_map = |
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The '''Holothyrida''' are a small order of [[mites]] in the superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. No fossils are known. With body lengths of more than {{cvt|2|mm|in|frac=32}} they are relatively large mites, with a heavily [[Sclerosis (medicine)|sclerotized]] body. |
The '''Holothyrida''' are a small order of [[mites]] in the superorder [[Parasitiformes]]. No fossils are known. With body lengths of more than {{cvt|2|mm|in|frac=32}} they are relatively large mites, with a heavily [[Sclerosis (medicine)|sclerotized]] body. It is divided into three families, Allothyridae, Holothyridae, and Neothyridae. In a 1998 experimental study, members of the family Allothyridae were found to ignore living animals but readily fed on the body fluids of dead [[arthropods]], making them [[Scavenger|scavengers]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walter |first=David Evans |last2=Proctor |first2=Heather C. |date=1998 |title=Feeding behaviour and phylogeny: observations on early derivative Acari |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1006033407957 |journal=Experimental and Applied Acarology |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=39–50 |doi=10.1023/A:1006033407957}}</ref> |
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The order has a distribution largely confined to former [[Gondwana]]n landmasses. They are the [[sister group]] to [[Ixodida]] (ticks).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dobson |first=Susan J. |last2=Barker |first2=Stephen C. |date=1999 |title=Phylogeny of the Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) Inferred from 18S rRNA Indicates That the GenusAponommaIs Paraphyletic |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790398905656 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=288–295 |doi=10.1006/mpev.1998.0565}}</ref> |
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Although only 25 species are currently described, many others have been collected. |
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The order has a [[Gondwana]]n distribution. They are likely the sister group to [[Ixodida]] (ticks).<ref>Dobson & Barker 1999</ref> |
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==Systematics== |
==Systematics== |
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===Allothyridae=== |
===Allothyridae=== |
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Allothyridae <small>van der Hammen, 1972</small> — [[Australia]], New Zealand |
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* ''[[Allothyrus]]'' <small>van der Hammen, 1961</small> |
* ''[[Allothyrus]]'' <small>van der Hammen, 1961</small> |
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===Holothyridae=== |
===Holothyridae=== |
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Holothyridae <small>Thorell, 1882</small> Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean islands, New Guinea, New Caledonia |
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* ''[[Sternothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
* ''[[Sternothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
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** ''[[Sternothyrus braueri]]'' <small>(Thon, 1905)</small> — [[Seychelles]] |
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* ''[[Lindothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
* ''[[Lindothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
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** ''[[Lindothyrus elongatus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> — [[Lord Howe Island]] |
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** ''[[Lindothyrus rubellus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> — [[New Caledonia]] |
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* ''[[Indothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
* ''[[Indothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
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** ''[[Indothyrus greeni]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> — [[Sri Lanka]] |
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* ''[[Haplothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
* ''[[Haplothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> |
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**''[[Haplothyrus expolitissimus]]'' <small>(Berlese, 1924)</small> — New Caledonia |
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** ''[[Haplothyrus hyatti]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> — unknown locality |
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* ''[[Holothyrus]]'' <small>Gervais, 1842</small> — [[Mauritius]] |
* ''[[Holothyrus]]'' <small>Gervais, 1842</small> — [[Mauritius]] |
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** ''[[Holothyrus coccinella]]'' <small>Gervais, 1842</small> |
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** ''[[Holothyrus legendrei]]'' <small>Hammen, 1983</small> |
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* ''[[Hammenius]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> |
* ''[[Hammenius]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> |
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** ''[[Hammenius armatus]]'' <small>(Canestrini, 1897)</small> — [[Tamara Island]] ([[Aitape]]): New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius berlesei]]'' <small>(Lehtinen, 1995)</small> — New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius braueri]]'' <small>(Thon, 1906)</small> |
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** ''[[Hammenius fujuge]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> — [[New Guinea]] (Central District, Oro Province) |
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** ''[[Hammenius grandjeani]]'' <small>(Hammen, 1961)</small> — [[Mount Bosavi]]: New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius holthuisi]]'' <small>van der Hammen, 1983</small> |
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** ''[[Hammenius ingii]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> — New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius insularis]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1995</small> — [[Louisiade Archipelago]]: New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius longipes]]'' <small>(Thorell, 1882)</small> — Fly River, New Guinea (?) |
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** ''[[Hammenius mendi]]'' <small>(Lehtinen, 1995)</small> — [[Strickland River]]: New Guinea |
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** ''[[Hammenius montanus]]'' <small>Hammen, 1983</small> — [[Irian Jaya]] |
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** ''[[Hammenius niger]]'' <small>(Thon, 1906)</small> |
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===Neothyridae=== |
===Neothyridae=== |
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Neothyridae <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> Northern South America and the Caribbean |
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* ''[[ |
* ''[[Diplothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1999</small> Brazil, French Guiana |
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** ''[[Diplothyrus schubarti]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1999</small> |
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** ''Diplothyrus lehtineni'' <small>Vázquez & de Araújo & Feres 2016</small> |
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* ''[[Neothyrus]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> Peru |
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*''[[Caribothyrus]]'' <small>Kontschán & Mahunka 2004</small> Dominican Republic |
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**[[Caribothyrus|''Caribothyrus barbatus'']] <small>Kontschán & Mahunka 2004</small> |
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==Footnotes== |
== Footnotes == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ |
*Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071105225500/http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/acari/Family/Holothyrida1.htm Holothyrida] |
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* Bruce Halliday: [http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/arachnology/acari/holothyrida/ Order Holothyrida] |
* Bruce Halliday: [http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/arachnology/acari/holothyrida/ Order Holothyrida] |
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*Lehtinen, Pekka T. (1995): Revision of the old world Holothyridae (Arachnida : Anactinotrichida : Holothyrina). ''Invertebrate Taxonomy'' '''9'''(4): 767-826. {{doi|10.1071/IT9950767}} |
*Lehtinen, Pekka T. (1995): Revision of the old world Holothyridae (Arachnida : Anactinotrichida : Holothyrina). ''Invertebrate Taxonomy'' '''9'''(4): 767-826. {{doi|10.1071/IT9950767}} |
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*Walter, D. E. & Proctor, H. C. (1998): Feeding behaviour and phylogeny: observations on early derivative Acari. ''Exp. Appl. Acarol'' '''22''': 39-50. |
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*Dobson, S. J. & Barker, S. C. (1999): Phylogeny of the hard ticks (Ixodidae) inferred from 18S rRNA indicates that the genus ''[[Aponomma]]'' is paraphyletic. ''Mol. Phylogenet. Evol'' '''11''': 288-295 {{PMID|10191073}} |
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{{commons category|Holothyrida}} |
{{commons category|Holothyrida}} |
Latest revision as of 21:58, 29 June 2023
Holothyrida | |
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Sternothyrus braueri, a member of Holothyridae | |
Underside of male (left) and female (right) of Diplothyrus lecorrei (Neothyridae) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Superorder: | Parasitiformes |
Order: | Holothyrida |
Families | |
See text. | |
Diversity | |
10 genera, > 25 species |
The Holothyrida are a small order of mites in the superorder Parasitiformes. No fossils are known. With body lengths of more than 2 mm (3⁄32 in) they are relatively large mites, with a heavily sclerotized body. It is divided into three families, Allothyridae, Holothyridae, and Neothyridae. In a 1998 experimental study, members of the family Allothyridae were found to ignore living animals but readily fed on the body fluids of dead arthropods, making them scavengers.[1]
The order has a distribution largely confined to former Gondwanan landmasses. They are the sister group to Ixodida (ticks).[2]
Systematics[edit]
Allothyridae[edit]
Allothyridae van der Hammen, 1972 — Australia, New Zealand
- Allothyrus van der Hammen, 1961
- Allothyrus australasiae (Womersley, 1935)
- Allothyrus constrictus (Domrow, 1955)
- Australothyrus van der Hammen, 1983
- Australothyrus ocellatus van der Hammen, 1983
Holothyridae[edit]
Holothyridae Thorell, 1882 Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean islands, New Guinea, New Caledonia
- Sternothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
- Sternothyrus braueri (Thon, 1905) — Seychelles
- Lindothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
- Lindothyrus elongatus Lehtinen, 1995 — Lord Howe Island
- Lindothyrus rubellus Lehtinen, 1995 — New Caledonia
- Indothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
- Indothyrus greeni Lehtinen, 1995 — Sri Lanka
- Haplothyrus Lehtinen, 1995
- Haplothyrus expolitissimus (Berlese, 1924) — New Caledonia
- Haplothyrus hyatti Lehtinen, 1995 — unknown locality
- Holothyrus Gervais, 1842 — Mauritius
- Holothyrus coccinella Gervais, 1842
- Holothyrus legendrei Hammen, 1983
- Hammenius Lehtinen, 1981
- Hammenius armatus (Canestrini, 1897) — Tamara Island (Aitape): New Guinea
- Hammenius berlesei (Lehtinen, 1995) — New Guinea
- Hammenius braueri (Thon, 1906)
- Hammenius fujuge Lehtinen, 1981 — New Guinea (Central District, Oro Province)
- Hammenius grandjeani (Hammen, 1961) — Mount Bosavi: New Guinea
- Hammenius holthuisi van der Hammen, 1983
- Hammenius ingii Lehtinen, 1981 — New Guinea
- Hammenius insularis Lehtinen, 1995 — Louisiade Archipelago: New Guinea
- Hammenius longipes (Thorell, 1882) — Fly River, New Guinea (?)
- Hammenius mendi (Lehtinen, 1995) — Strickland River: New Guinea
- Hammenius montanus Hammen, 1983 — Irian Jaya
- Hammenius niger (Thon, 1906)
Neothyridae[edit]
Neothyridae Lehtinen, 1981 Northern South America and the Caribbean
- Diplothyrus Lehtinen, 1999 Brazil, French Guiana
- Diplothyrus schubarti Lehtinen, 1999
- Diplothyrus lecorrei Klompen 2010
- Diplothyrus lehtineni Vázquez & de Araújo & Feres 2016
- Neothyrus Lehtinen, 1981 Peru
- Neothyrus ana Lehtinen, 1981
- Caribothyrus Kontschán & Mahunka 2004 Dominican Republic
- Caribothyrus barbatus Kontschán & Mahunka 2004
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Walter, David Evans; Proctor, Heather C. (1998). "Feeding behaviour and phylogeny: observations on early derivative Acari". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 22 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1023/A:1006033407957.
- ^ Dobson, Susan J.; Barker, Stephen C. (1999). "Phylogeny of the Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) Inferred from 18S rRNA Indicates That the GenusAponommaIs Paraphyletic". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 11 (2): 288–295. doi:10.1006/mpev.1998.0565.
References[edit]
- Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Holothyrida
- Bruce Halliday: Order Holothyrida
- Lehtinen, Pekka T. (1995): Revision of the old world Holothyridae (Arachnida : Anactinotrichida : Holothyrina). Invertebrate Taxonomy 9(4): 767-826. doi:10.1071/IT9950767