East African Railways and Harbours Corporation: Difference between revisions

East African Railways and Harbours Corporation
Company type	Government-owned corporation
Predecessor	Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours; Tanganyika Railway;
Founded	1948
Defunct	1977
Fate	Split into national companies
Successor	Kenya Railways Corporation; Uganda Railways Corporation; Tanzania Railways Corporation;

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59 class Garratt locomotive 5907 *Mount Kinangop* at Kibwezi in Kenya

The East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&H) is a defunct company that operated railways and harbours in East Africa from 1948 to 1977. It was formed in 1948 for the new East African High Commission by merging the Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours with the Tanganyika Railway of the Tanganyika Territory. As well as running railways and harbours in the three territories it ran inland shipping services on Lake Victoria, Lake Kyoga, Lake Albert, the Victoria Nile and the Albert Nile.

Railways[edit]

The Malayan Railway sold the EAR&H eight metre gauge USATC S118 Class steam locomotives in 1948, and another eight in 1949.^[1] The EAR&H converted them to oil burners and numbered them 2701–2716, making them the 27 class^[1] and allocating them to its Tabora Depot on its Tanganyika section.^[1] They entered service in 1949 and 1950, working the lines to Mwanza, Kigoma and Mpanda where their light axle loading was an advantage and their high firebox enabled them to run through seasonal flooding on the Kigoma and Mpanda branches.^[1] EAR&H built further S118 from spare parts in 1953 and numbered it 2717. The EAR&H withdrew them from service in about 1965, and they were moved to Dar es Salaam for scrapping in 1966.^[1]

In 1955 and 1956, the EAR&H introduced new and much more powerful steam locomotives for its Kenya and Uganda network: the 59 class Garratt locomotives. These were the mainstay of the section's heaviest traffic between Mombasa and Nairobi until they started to be withdrawn from service between 1973 and 1980.

The EAR&H extended the Uganda Railway from Kampala to the copper mines at Kasese in 1956. In 1962, it completed the northern Uganda railway from Soroti to Pakwach and from there to Arua in 1964, thus superseding the Victoria Nile steamer service.^[2]

International ferries[edit]

Proposed ferries from East Africa Harbour (E.A.H):

Lagos
Cairo
Canada (Int. Oveaseas)

Inland ferries[edit]

In 1961, the EAR&H introduced the new Lake Victoria ferry RMS Victoria.^[3] This faster vessel doubled the speed of the circular service around the lake, allowing EAR&H to increase sailings from once to twice a week.^[4] Elizabeth II designated her a Royal Mail Ship, making it the only EAR&H ship to receive this distinction.^[5]

In 1965 and 1966, the EAR&H introduced a train ferry service across Lake Victoria with the MV Umoja and MV Uhuru.^[6]^[7] In 1967, the EAR&H made harbour improvements at Kisumu on the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria by scuttling the disused ferry SS Winifred to form a breakwater.

Dissolution[edit]

In 1977, the High Commission's successor, the East African Community, was dissolved and EAR&H's rail network was broken up into three national railways: Kenya Railways Corporation, Tanzania Railways Corporation and Uganda Railways Corporation.

In Culture[edit]

Kenyan-born singer Roger Whittaker wrote and recorded the song The Good Old EAR&H in about 1982, after a return visit to Kenya.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Tourret, R (1976). War Department Locomotives. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 0-905878-00-0.
^ "Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L". Janus. Cambridge University Library.
^ Cameron, Stuart; Strathdee, Paul. "Victoria". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3". Kenya Gazette. Vol. LXIII. 1 July 1961. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
^ McCrow, Malcolm. "Marine Services". East African Railways and Harbours. Malcolm McCrow. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
^ Cameron, Stuart (2004). "Umoja". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Cameron, Stuart (2004). "Uhuru". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

External links[edit]

[Tourret-1] Tourret, R (1976). War Department Locomotives. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 0-905878-00-0.

[2] "Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L". Janus. Cambridge University Library.

[Clyde-3] Cameron, Stuart; Strathdee, Paul. "Victoria". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[4] "Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3". Kenya Gazette. Vol. LXIII. 1 July 1961. Retrieved 18 May 2011.

[5] McCrow, Malcolm. "Marine Services". East African Railways and Harbours. Malcolm McCrow. Retrieved 17 May 2011.

[Clyde-Umoja-6] Cameron, Stuart (2004). "Umoja". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[Clyde-Uhuru-7] Cameron, Stuart (2004). "Uhuru". Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|East African railway company (1948–1977)}}
-[[Image:5907-Mount-Kinangop.jpg|thumb|[[EAR 59 class|59 class]] Garratt locomotive 5907 ''Mount Kinangop'' at [[Kibwezi]] in Kenya]]
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
+{{Infobox company
+| name = East African Railways and Harbours Corporation
+| logo =
+| type = [[Government-owned corporation]]
+| predecessor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] | [[Tanganyika Railway]]}}
+| successor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya Railways Corporation]] | [[Uganda Railways Corporation]] | [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]]}}
+| founded = {{Start date|1948}}
+| defunct = {{End date|1977}}
+| fate = Split into national companies}}
+[[File:5907-Mount-Kinangop.jpg|thumb|[[EAR 59 class|59 class]] Garratt locomotive 5907 ''Mount Kinangop'' at [[Kibwezi]] in Kenya]]
-The '''East African Railways and Harbours Corporation''' (EAR&H) was formed in 1948 for the new [[East African High Commission]] by merging the [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] with the [[Tanganyika Railway]] of the [[Tanganyika Territory]]. As well as running railways and harbours in the three territories it ran inland shipping services on [[Lake Victoria#Transport|Lake Victoria]], [[Lake Kyoga]], [[Lake Albert (Africa)#History|Lake Albert]], the [[Victoria Nile]] and the [[Albert Nile]].
+The '''East African Railways and Harbours Corporation''' ('''EAR&H''') is a defunct company that operated railways and harbours in East Africa from 1948 to 1977. It was formed in 1948 for the new [[East African High Commission]] by merging the [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] with the [[Tanganyika Railway]] of the [[Tanganyika Territory]]. As well as running railways and harbours in the three territories it ran inland shipping services on [[Lake Victoria#Transport|Lake Victoria]], [[Lake Kyoga]], [[Lake Albert (Africa)#History|Lake Albert]], the [[Victoria Nile]] and the [[Albert Nile]].
 ==Railways==
-[[File:EAR&H Garrett.png|thumb|EAR&H Garratt 58 Class no. 5804]]
+[[File:Engine unit of East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&HC) 58 class Garratt locomotive no 5804.png|thumb|EAR&H Garratt 58 Class no. 5804]]
-The [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|Malayan Railway]] sold EAR&H eight [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] [[USATC S118 Class]] [[steam locomotive]]s in 1948, and another eight in 1949.<ref name=Tourret>{{cite book |last=Tourret |first=R |isbn=0-905878-00-0 |year=1976 |title=War Department Locomotives |place=Abingdon |publisher=[http://www.tourretpublishing.com Tourret Publishing] |page=35}}</ref> EAR&H converted them to oil fuel and numbered them 2701–2716, making them the 27 class.<ref name=Tourret/> EAR&H allocated them to its [[Tabora]] Depot on its Tanganyika section.<ref name=Tourret/> They entered service in 1949 and 1950, working the lines to [[Mwanza]], [[Kigoma]] and [[Mpanda]] where their light axle loading was an advantage and their high [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]] enabled them to run through seasonal flooding on the Kigoma and Mpanda branches.<ref name=Tourret/> EAR&H built further S118 from spare parts in 1953 and numbered it 2717. EAR&H withdrew them from service in about 1965 and they were in [[Dar es Salaam]] awaiting scrapping in 1966.<ref name=Tourret/>
+The [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|Malayan Railway]] sold the EAR&H eight [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] [[USATC S118 Class]] [[steam locomotive]]s in 1948, and another eight in 1949.<ref name=Tourret>{{cite book |last=Tourret |first=R |isbn=0-905878-00-0 |year=1976 |title=War Department Locomotives |place=Abingdon |publisher=Tourret Publishing |page=35}}</ref> The EAR&H converted them to [[Oil burner (engine)|oil burners]] and numbered them 2701–2716, making them the 27 class<ref name=Tourret/> and allocating them to its [[Tabora]] Depot on its Tanganyika section.<ref name=Tourret/> They entered service in 1949 and 1950, working the lines to [[Mwanza]], [[Kigoma]] and [[Mpanda]] where their light axle loading was an advantage and their high [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]] enabled them to run through seasonal flooding on the Kigoma and Mpanda branches.<ref name=Tourret/> EAR&H built further S118 from spare parts in 1953 and numbered it 2717. The EAR&H withdrew them from service in about 1965, and they were moved to [[Dar es Salaam]] for scrapping in 1966.<ref name=Tourret/>
-In 1955 and 1956 EAR&H introduced new and much more powerful steam locomotives for its Kenya and Uganda network: the [[EAR 59 class|59 class]] [[Garratt]]s. These were the mainstay of the section's heaviest traffic until they started to be withdrawn from service between 1973 and 1980.
+In 1955 and 1956, the EAR&H introduced new and much more powerful steam locomotives for its Kenya and Uganda network: the [[EAR 59 class|59 class]] [[Garratt locomotive]]s. These were the mainstay of the section's heaviest traffic between Mombasa and Nairobi until they started to be withdrawn from service between 1973 and 1980.
-EAR&H extended the [[Uganda Railway]] from [[Kampala]] to [[Kasese]] in 1956 and thence to [[Arua]] in 1964. In 1962 it completed the northern Uganda railway from [[Tororo]] to [[Pakwach]], thus superseding the [[Victoria Nile]] steamer service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY30468L |title=Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L |author= |date= |work=Janus |publisher=Cambridge University Library |accessdate=}}</ref>
+The EAR&H extended the [[Uganda Railway]] from [[Kampala]] to the copper mines at [[Kasese]] in 1956. In 1962, it completed the northern Uganda railway from [[Soroti]] to [[Pakwach]] and from there to Arua in 1964, thus superseding the [[Victoria Nile]] steamer service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY30468L |title=Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L |work=Janus |publisher=Cambridge University Library }}</ref>
+==International ferries==
+Proposed ferries from East Africa Harbour (E.A.H):
+* [[Lagos]]
+* [[Cairo]]
+* [[Canada]] (Int. Oveaseas)
 ==Inland ferries==
 [[File:MV Victoria.jpg|thumb|[[MV Victoria (1959)|MV ''Victoria'']] in Bukoba, Tanzania]]
-Also in 1961 EAR&H introduced the new [[Lake Victoria ferries#Motor vessels|Lake Victoria ferry]] [[MV Victoria|RMS ''Victoria'']].<ref name=Clyde>{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |last2=Strathdee |first2=Paul |title=Victoria |work=[[Clyde-built Database]] |date= |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |accessdate= 2011-05-22}}</ref> This faster vessel doubled the speed of the circular service around the lake, allowing EAR&H to increase sailings from once to twice a week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&pg=PA857&lpg=PA857&dq=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&source=bl&ots=1R-puICu8y&sig=HE_zGQLKqicVKI1aGKzuH2UGBj8&hl=en&ei=EEnUTZWfB8mr8APD3rXmCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22RMS%20Victoria%22%20%22Kenya%20Gazette%22&f=false |newspaper=[[Kenya Gazette]] |volume=LXIII |date=1961-07-18 |accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref> [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] designated her a [[Royal Mail Ship]]: the only EAR&H ship to receive this distinction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |date= |work=East African Railways and Harbours |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |accessdate=17 May 2011}}</ref>
+In 1961, the EAR&H introduced the new [[Lake Victoria ferries#Motor vessels|Lake Victoria ferry]] [[MV Victoria (1959)|RMS ''Victoria'']].<ref name=Clyde>{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |last2=Strathdee |first2=Paul |title=Victoria |work=[[Clyde-built Database]] |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219162201/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 December 2011 |access-date= 22 May 2011}}</ref> This faster vessel doubled the speed of the circular service around the lake, allowing EAR&H to increase sailings from once to twice a week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&q=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&pg=PA857 |newspaper=[[Kenya Gazette]] |volume=LXIII |date=1 July 1961|access-date=18 May 2011}}</ref> [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] designated her a [[Royal Mail Ship]], making it the only EAR&H ship to receive this distinction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |work=East African Railways and Harbours |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |access-date=17 May 2011}}</ref>
-EAR&H
-In 1965 and 1966  introduced a [[train ferry]] service across Lake Victoria with the {{MV|Umoja}} and {{MV|Uhuru}}.<ref name=Clyde-Umoja>{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Umoja |work= Clyde-built Database |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |accessdate= 2011-05-17}}</ref><ref name=Clyde-Uhuru>{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Uhuru |work= Clyde-built Database|year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |accessdate= 2011-05-17}}</ref> In 1967 EAR&H made harbour improvements at [[Kisumu]] on the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria by [[scuttling]] the disused ferry {{SS|Winifred}} to form a [[breakwater (structure)|breakwater]].
+In 1965 and 1966, the EAR&H introduced a [[train ferry]] service across Lake Victoria with the {{MV|Umoja}} and {{MV|Uhuru}}.<ref name=Clyde-Umoja>{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Umoja |work= Clyde-built Database |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}</ref><ref name=Clyde-Uhuru>{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Uhuru |work= Clyde-built Database|year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}</ref> In 1967, the EAR&H made harbour improvements at [[Kisumu]] on the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria by [[scuttling]] the disused ferry {{SS|Winifred}} to form a [[breakwater (structure)|breakwater]].
 ==Dissolution==
-In 1977 the High Commission's successor, the [[East African Community]], was dissolved and EAR&H's rail network was broken up into three national railways: [[Kenya Railways Corporation]], [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]] and [[Uganda Railways Corporation]].
+In 1977, the High Commission's successor, the [[East African Community]], was dissolved and EAR&H's rail network was broken up into three national railways: [[Kenya Railways Corporation]], [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]] and [[Uganda Railways Corporation]].
 ==In Culture==
-Kenyan-born singer [[Roger Whittaker]] wrote and recorded the song ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qwmb6WtyEUQ The Good Old EAR&H]'' in about 1982, after a return visit to Kenya.
+Kenyan-born singer [[Roger Whittaker]] wrote and recorded the song ''The Good Old EAR&H'' in about 1982, after a return visit to Kenya.
 ==See also==
 *[[Central Line (Tanzania)]]
-* [[Rift Valley Railways Consortium]]
+*[[Rift Valley Railways Consortium]]
 *[[Uganda Railway]]
-*[[East African Railways map]]
+*[[East African Railway Master Plan]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
-{{refbegin}}
+{{Refbegin}}
+*{{Patience-SteamEA}}
+*{{Patience-SteamTwilight}}
+*{{Ramaer-SteamLocosEAR}}
 *{{Ramaer-Gari la Moshi}}
+*{{Robinson-WorldRailAtlas-7}}
-{{refend}}
+{{Refend}}
 ==External links==
-{{commonscat-inline|East African Railways}}
+{{Commons category|East African Railways}}
 *[http://www.mccrow.org.uk/EastAfrica/EastAfricanRailways/indexEAR.htm Malcolm McCrow's EAR web site]
 *[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/eaf~ear.html Flags of the EAR&HC]
+*[http://www.energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm Archive of East African Railways and Harbours staff magazines]
 {{EAR locomotives|state=collapsed}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:East African Railways and Harbours Corporation| ]]
-{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}}
 [[Category:Railway companies of Kenya]]
-[[Category:Rail transport in East Africa]]
 [[Category:Water transport in Africa]]
-[[Category:Ports and harbours in Africa]]
+[[Category:Ports and harbours of Kenya]]
 [[Category:Railway companies of Uganda]]
 [[Category:Railway companies of Tanzania]]
+[[Category:1948 establishments in Africa]]
+[[Category:1977 disestablishments in Africa]]
+[[Category:Ports and harbours of Uganda]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States