Xylocopa latipes: Difference between revisions
Makecat-bot (talk | contribs) m r2.7.3) (Robot: Adding nl:Xylocopa latipes, vi:Xylocopa latipes |
m v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation) |
||
| (33 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Species of bee}} |
|||
{{italictitle}}{{Taxobox |
|||
{{Italic title}} |
|||
| name = '''Tropical carpenter bee''' |
|||
{{Speciesbox |
|||
| image = Xylocopa latipes perched in urban setting, Kuala Lumpur 2011.jpg |
| image = Xylocopa latipes perched in urban setting, Kuala Lumpur 2011.jpg |
||
| image_caption = |
| image_caption = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] |
||
| |
| genus = Xylocopa |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a |
|||
| |
| authority = ([[Dru Drury|Drury]], 1773) |
||
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]] |
|||
| familia = [[Apidae]] |
|||
| genus = ''[[Xylocopa]]'' |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| binomial = ''Xylocopa latipes'' |
|||
| binomial_authority = ([[Drury]], 1773) |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Xylocopa latipes''''', the '''broad-handed carpenter bee''',<ref>[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=any&taxon_id=363759 iNaturalist]</ref> is a species of [[carpenter bee]] widely dispersed throughout [[Southeast Asia]]. This bee inhabits forests and constructs nests by burrowing into wood. It often makes long deep tunnels in wooden rafters, fallen trees, telephone poles, etc., but is not found in living trees.<ref>Jones, Richard. (2006). Bibliography of Commonwealth Apiculture. {{ISBN|0850927714}}. 190.</ref> |
|||
It was first |
It was first described by the English entomologist, [[Dru Drury]] in 1773, and is a member of the group of carpenter bees (Family [[Apidae]]). |
||
The |
The broad-handed carpenter bee is a very large, robust, solitary bee. It is shiny, fully black in colour with fuscous metallic blue-green or purple wings in sunlight. The broad-handed carpenter bee is among the largest ''Xylocopa'' known and among the largest bees of the world (though it is not the world's largest, that title belongs to another Southeast Asian bee, the Indonesian ''[[Megachile pluto]]''). It has a loud and distinctive, low-pitched buzzing that can be heard as it flies between flowers or perches. In urban areas, these bees can become attached to certain perches, returning to them day after day, even after several generations. |
||
==Mating== |
==Mating== |
||
| Line 24: | Line 19: | ||
Carpenter bees mate on-the-wing. Males grasp the females in flight and place their front or middle legs, which have fringes of long setae, over the compound eyes of their mate. It is thought that the dilated front legs of males of some species of carpenter bees collect and trap oils and odours that function during mating.<ref>Wittman, D. and B. Blochtein. (1995). “Why males of leafcutter bees hold the females’ antennae with their front legs during mating”. Apidologie 26, 181-195.</ref> |
Carpenter bees mate on-the-wing. Males grasp the females in flight and place their front or middle legs, which have fringes of long setae, over the compound eyes of their mate. It is thought that the dilated front legs of males of some species of carpenter bees collect and trap oils and odours that function during mating.<ref>Wittman, D. and B. Blochtein. (1995). “Why males of leafcutter bees hold the females’ antennae with their front legs during mating”. Apidologie 26, 181-195.</ref> |
||
Xylocopa latipes are considered multivoltine as they can have more than two generations per year but this depends on the availability of floral resources in their habitat.<ref name="rajurao">Solomon, A. J. Raju, and S. Purnachandra Rao. (2006). "Nesting habits, floral resources and foraging ecology of large carpenter bees (Xylocopa latipes and Xylocopa pubescens) in India". CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, 1210. [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/may102006/1210.pdf]</ref> |
''Xylocopa latipes'' are considered multivoltine as they can have more than two generations per year but this depends on the availability of floral resources in their habitat.<ref name="rajurao">Solomon, A. J. Raju, and S. Purnachandra Rao. (2006). "Nesting habits, floral resources and foraging ecology of large carpenter bees (''Xylocopa latipes'' and ''Xylocopa pubescens'') in India". CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, 1210. [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/may102006/1210.pdf]</ref> |
||
==Nesting== |
==Nesting== |
||
In [[Malaysia]], |
In [[Malaysia]], broad-handed carpenter bees often choose useful structural woods as nesting sites, as they are able to burrow through it with their powerful mandibles. Broad-handed carpenter bees construct multiple galleries (3 - 5) of about 11 cm in length and 2.1 - 2.3 cm in diameter.<ref name="Mardan">Mardan, M., Yatim, Ismail, M. and Raji Khalid, Mohd. (1991). “Nesting Biology and Foraging Activity of Carpenter Bee on Passion Fruit”. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 288: 127-132 [http://www.actahort.org/books/288/288_15.htm].</ref> |
||
Broad-handed carpenter bees choose dead wood, pithy stems and bamboo culms for nesting.<ref name="rajurao"/> Preferred wood species for the broad-handed carpenter bee include, ''Syzygium cumini'', ''Cassia siamea'', ''Dyera costulata'' (jelutong), ''Agathis alba'' (damar minyak), ''Alstonia spp.'' (pulai), and ''Shorea spp.'' (light-red meranti). They tend to avoid nyatoh, kapur, kempas, and mengkulang (local names for native trees of Malaysia).<ref>Robinson, William H. “Handbook of Urban Insects and Arachnids”. 227</ref> |
|||
==Role in Pollination== |
==Role in Pollination== |
||
Carpenter bees are used commercially in the [[Philippines]] to pollinate [[passion-fruit]] flowers. They naturally perform the same function in Indonesia and Malaysia and the rest of Southeast Asia. In addition, passion-fruit flowers (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) have been found to bloom in synchrony with |
Carpenter bees are used commercially in the [[Philippines]] to pollinate [[passion-fruit]] flowers. They naturally perform the same function in Indonesia and Malaysia and the rest of Southeast Asia. In addition, passion-fruit flowers (''Passiflora edulis flavicarpa'') have been found to bloom in synchrony with carpenter bee foraging rhythms, indicating an evolving relationship.<ref name="Mardan"/> |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 40: | Line 35: | ||
<references /> |
<references /> |
||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2446930}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[ |
[[Category:Xylocopa|latipes]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
[[vi:Xylocopa latipes]] |
|||
[[Category:Insects of Indonesia]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Insects of Thailand]] |
|||
[[Category:Insects of Vietnam]] |
|||
[[Category:Insects of Myanmar]] |
|||
[[Category:Insects of Cambodia]] |
|||
[[Category:Insects of Singapore]] |
|||
[[Category:Fauna of Southeast Asia]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
|||
[[Category:Taxa named by Dru Drury]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 23:14, 27 October 2023
| Xylocopa latipes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | Xylocopa |
| Species: | X. latipes
|
| Binomial name | |
| Xylocopa latipes (Drury, 1773)
| |
Xylocopa latipes, the broad-handed carpenter bee,[1] is a species of carpenter bee widely dispersed throughout Southeast Asia. This bee inhabits forests and constructs nests by burrowing into wood. It often makes long deep tunnels in wooden rafters, fallen trees, telephone poles, etc., but is not found in living trees.[2]
It was first described by the English entomologist, Dru Drury in 1773, and is a member of the group of carpenter bees (Family Apidae).
The broad-handed carpenter bee is a very large, robust, solitary bee. It is shiny, fully black in colour with fuscous metallic blue-green or purple wings in sunlight. The broad-handed carpenter bee is among the largest Xylocopa known and among the largest bees of the world (though it is not the world's largest, that title belongs to another Southeast Asian bee, the Indonesian Megachile pluto). It has a loud and distinctive, low-pitched buzzing that can be heard as it flies between flowers or perches. In urban areas, these bees can become attached to certain perches, returning to them day after day, even after several generations.
Mating[edit]
Carpenter bees mate on-the-wing. Males grasp the females in flight and place their front or middle legs, which have fringes of long setae, over the compound eyes of their mate. It is thought that the dilated front legs of males of some species of carpenter bees collect and trap oils and odours that function during mating.[3]
Xylocopa latipes are considered multivoltine as they can have more than two generations per year but this depends on the availability of floral resources in their habitat.[4]
Nesting[edit]
In Malaysia, broad-handed carpenter bees often choose useful structural woods as nesting sites, as they are able to burrow through it with their powerful mandibles. Broad-handed carpenter bees construct multiple galleries (3 - 5) of about 11 cm in length and 2.1 - 2.3 cm in diameter.[5]
Broad-handed carpenter bees choose dead wood, pithy stems and bamboo culms for nesting.[4] Preferred wood species for the broad-handed carpenter bee include, Syzygium cumini, Cassia siamea, Dyera costulata (jelutong), Agathis alba (damar minyak), Alstonia spp. (pulai), and Shorea spp. (light-red meranti). They tend to avoid nyatoh, kapur, kempas, and mengkulang (local names for native trees of Malaysia).[6]
Role in Pollination[edit]
Carpenter bees are used commercially in the Philippines to pollinate passion-fruit flowers. They naturally perform the same function in Indonesia and Malaysia and the rest of Southeast Asia. In addition, passion-fruit flowers (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) have been found to bloom in synchrony with carpenter bee foraging rhythms, indicating an evolving relationship.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ iNaturalist
- ^ Jones, Richard. (2006). Bibliography of Commonwealth Apiculture. ISBN 0850927714. 190.
- ^ Wittman, D. and B. Blochtein. (1995). “Why males of leafcutter bees hold the females’ antennae with their front legs during mating”. Apidologie 26, 181-195.
- ^ a b Solomon, A. J. Raju, and S. Purnachandra Rao. (2006). "Nesting habits, floral resources and foraging ecology of large carpenter bees (Xylocopa latipes and Xylocopa pubescens) in India". CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, 1210. [1]
- ^ a b Mardan, M., Yatim, Ismail, M. and Raji Khalid, Mohd. (1991). “Nesting Biology and Foraging Activity of Carpenter Bee on Passion Fruit”. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 288: 127-132 [2].
- ^ Robinson, William H. “Handbook of Urban Insects and Arachnids”. 227