RWD 15: Difference between revisions
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name =RWD-15
|image =RWD-15 1.png
|caption =
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type =Touring aircraft
|manufacturer =[[Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze|DWL]]
|designer = [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team
|first flight = [[1937 in aviation|1937]]
Line 11 ⟶ 12:
|status =
|primary user = Poland
|more users = [[Romania]]<br/>[[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]]
|produced = [[1939 in aviation|1939]]
|number built =
|unit cost = 70,000 [[złoty]]<ref name=sp/>
|developed from = [[RWD-13]]
|variants with their own articles =
}}
|}
The '''RWD-15''' was a
==Design and development==
The '''RWD-15''' was an enlarged development of the [[RWD-13]] three-seat touring aircraft, designed by [[Stanisław Rogalski]] of the [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team, in the [[Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze|DWL]] workshops in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in spring [[1937 in aviation|1937]] (registration SP-BFX). It inherited RWD-13's advantages, like ease of flying, with good stability. In [[1939 in aviation|1939]], five aircraft were produced by the outbreak of [[World War II]]. A series of 10 RWD-15 was ordered by the Polish Air Force as [[liaison aircraft]] in 1939, but they were not completed before the war. Only one of five ordered [[air ambulance]]s RWD-15S, with two [[stretcher]]s, were built.<ref name=morg>{{cite book |last1=Morgała|first1=Andrzej|date= 2003|title=Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939|trans-title= Military aircraft in Poland 1924–1939|language= pl|location=Warsaw |publisher= Bellona|isbn=83-11-09319-9|pages=314–315}}</ref> There was proposed an aerial photography variant, but it was not built.<ref name=Glass/>
==Description==
Five-seater touring [[strut]]ted high-wing [[monoplane]] of mixed construction. Fuselage frame was metal, covered with [[canvas]], the engine section covered with [[aluminium]] sheets. A two-spar rectangular wing was of wooden construction, covered with canvas and plywood leading edges, supported by V-struts. Wings were rearwards folding, and were equipped with automatic [[Leading edge slats|slats]]. Cantilever wooden [[empennage|tail unit]], covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). The cabin was enclosed, with two front seats fitted with dual controls, and behind them a bench with three seats.<ref name=Glass/><ref name=sp>''RWD-15''. "Skrzydlata Polska" June–July 1938, issue 6-7/1938 (164-165), p.204-206 (in Polish)</ref> The cabin had a single door on the left and a pair of doors on the right side, with two luggage compartments at the rear. Engine at the front - 205 hp [[de Havilland Gipsy Six]] II, with a two-blade metal tractor propeller (DH Hamilton 1000) of variable pitch, 2.28 m diameter. Conventional fixed [[landing gear]], with a tail-wheel.
==Operational history==
All RWD-15 were initially used
After the outbreak of
==Operators==
;{{
*[[Aviron (airline)|Aviron]]
;{{ISR}}
*[[Sherut Avir]]
;{{POL}}
;{{flag|Romania|1867}}
*[[Royal Romanian Air Force]]
==Specifications ==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937,<ref name=JAWA1937>{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1937 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |editor2-last=Bridgman|editor2-first=Leonard |page=249c}}</ref> Polish Aircraft 1893–1939,<ref name=Cynk>{{cite book |last=Cynk |first=Jerzy B. |title=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939 |year=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=978-0-370-00085-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/552 552-555] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/552 }}</ref> Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939<ref name="Glass">{{cite book|last1=Glass|first1=Andrzej|title=Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939|date=1977|publisher=WKiŁ|location=Warsaw 1977|pages=320–322|language=Polish}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|capacity=4<ref name=Glass/>
|length m=9
|span m=12.4
|height m=2.5
|wing area sqm=20
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=875
|gross weight kg=1360
|max takeoff weight kg=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|240|L|USgal impgal}}
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[de Havilland Gipsy Six II]]
|eng1 type=6-cyl inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine
|eng1 hp=205
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=de Havilland 1000 (Hamilton) constant-speed metal propeller
|prop dia m=2.28
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=240
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=210
|cruise speed note=at {{cvt|1000|m}}<br>
:::::{{cvt|220|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|3000|m}}
*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|75|km/h|mph kn}}
|stall speed kmh=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|range km=1000
|range note=with two passengers<br>
:::::{{cvt|465|km|mi nmi}} with four passengers
|ferry range km=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=5000
|ceiling note=service ceiling
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=4.8
|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 5 minutes
|wing loading kg/m2=68
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.0685|hp/lb|kW/kg|order=flip}}
|more performance=* '''Take-off distance to {{cvt|8|m}}:''' {{cvt|200|m}}
}}
==
{{aircontent|
|related=
*[[RWD-6]] - [[RWD-9]] – [[RWD-13]] - [[RWD-20]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
*[[Stinson Reliant]]
*[[Heston Phoenix]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/law1/rwd15.html Photos and drawing] at [http://www.airwar.ru Ugolok Neba] site (in Russian)
{{RWD aircraft}}
[[Category:1930s Polish civil utility aircraft|RWD-15]]
[[Category:RWD aircraft|RWD-15]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1937]]
|
Latest revision as of 11:07, 26 December 2023
RWD-15 | |
---|---|
Role | Touring aircraft |
Manufacturer | DWL |
Designer | RWD team |
First flight | 1937 |
Primary users | Poland Romania British Mandate of Palestine |
Produced | 1939 |
Number built | 5+1 prototype |
Developed from | RWD-13 |
The RWD-15 was a Polish touring aircraft of 1937, designed by the RWD team and built by the Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze (DWL).
Design and development[edit]
The RWD-15 was an enlarged development of the RWD-13 three-seat touring aircraft, designed by Stanisław Rogalski of the RWD team, in the DWL workshops in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in spring 1937 (registration SP-BFX). It inherited RWD-13's advantages, like ease of flying, with good stability. In 1939, five aircraft were produced by the outbreak of World War II. A series of 10 RWD-15 was ordered by the Polish Air Force as liaison aircraft in 1939, but they were not completed before the war. Only one of five ordered air ambulances RWD-15S, with two stretchers, were built.[1] There was proposed an aerial photography variant, but it was not built.[2]
Description[edit]
Five-seater touring strutted high-wing monoplane of mixed construction. Fuselage frame was metal, covered with canvas, the engine section covered with aluminium sheets. A two-spar rectangular wing was of wooden construction, covered with canvas and plywood leading edges, supported by V-struts. Wings were rearwards folding, and were equipped with automatic slats. Cantilever wooden tail unit, covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). The cabin was enclosed, with two front seats fitted with dual controls, and behind them a bench with three seats.[2][3] The cabin had a single door on the left and a pair of doors on the right side, with two luggage compartments at the rear. Engine at the front - 205 hp de Havilland Gipsy Six II, with a two-blade metal tractor propeller (DH Hamilton 1000) of variable pitch, 2.28 m diameter. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a tail-wheel.
Operational history[edit]
All RWD-15 were initially used in Poland. Two aircraft were formally subordinated to the Polish Air Force (the 1st Aviation Regiment in Warsaw) - one bought by the Presidential Chancellory and belonging to the Staff Escadrille, and the other in air ambulance variants RWD-15S.[1] One aircraft (registration SP-KAT) was completed as a long-range variant, with fuel tanks in place of rear seats, owned by the LOPP paramilitary organization.[2] It was planned to fly it to Australia in marketing goals, with Maj. Stanisław Karpiński, but the plans were suspended after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.[2] In some publications it is designated RWD-15bis.[1] Last RWD-15 was made in August 1939, with civil registration SP-ALA.[1]
In 1939, the prototype RWD-15 (registration SP-BFX) was sold to Palestine, and used there by the Aviron Aviation Company (registration: VQ-PAE). From 1945, it was used as a passenger aircraft on routes from Lod to Tel Aviv and to Egypt. In December 1947, it had to be abandoned in Lod while undergoing repairs, and was burned on 6 April 1948 by Arabs.[4]
After the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939 two civilian RWD-14 (SP-ALA, SP-KAT) were evacuated to Romania. After the fall of Poland, they were sold by the manufacturer for a fraction of value to Romanian government, and used by Romanian civil aviation (registration YR-FAN and YR-TIT respectively).[1] After Romania joined the war on Axis side and took part in attack on the USSR, RWD-15s were used as liaison aircraft on the eastern front by the Romanian Air Force.[1]
One RWD-15 was reportedly sent to the 1939 New York World's Fair,[1] along with a RWD-13, and then sold there, but there is no evidence of such aircraft in the US register.[4]
Operators[edit]
Specifications[edit]
Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937,[5] Polish Aircraft 1893–1939,[6] Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 4[2]
- Length: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan: 12.4 m (40 ft 8 in)
- Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
- Wing area: 20 m2 (220 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 875 kg (1,929 lb)
- Gross weight: 1,360 kg (2,998 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 240 L (63 US gal; 53 imp gal)
- Powerplant: 1 × de Havilland Gipsy Six II 6-cyl inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine, 153 kW (205 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed de Havilland 1000 (Hamilton) constant-speed metal propeller, 2.28 m (7 ft 6 in) diameter
Performance
- Maximum speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) at sea level
- Cruise speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
- 220 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
- Landing speed: 75 km/h (47 mph; 40 kn)
- Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi) with two passengers
- 465 km (289 mi; 251 nmi) with four passengers
- Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft) service ceiling
- Rate of climb: 4.8 m/s (940 ft/min)
- Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 5 minutes
- Wing loading: 68 kg/m2 (14 lb/sq ft)
- Power/mass: 0.1126 kW/kg (0.0685 hp/lb)
- Take-off distance to 8 m (26 ft): 200 m (660 ft)
See also[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Morgała, Andrzej (2003). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939 [Military aircraft in Poland 1924–1939] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. pp. 314–315. ISBN 83-11-09319-9.
- ^ a b c d e f Glass, Andrzej (1977). Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 (in Polish). Warsaw 1977: WKiŁ. pp. 320–322.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ RWD-15. "Skrzydlata Polska" June–July 1938, issue 6-7/1938 (164-165), p.204-206 (in Polish)
- ^ a b Stefanicki, Maciej. "Samoloty RWD w Brazylii, Izraelu i USA" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Grey, C.G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (1937). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. p. 249c.
- ^ Cynk, Jerzy B. (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893–1939. London: Putnam. pp. 552-555. ISBN 978-0-370-00085-5.
External links[edit]
- Photos and drawing at Ugolok Neba site (in Russian)