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{{Infobox Military Person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Jean-Baptiste Broussier
| name = Jean-Baptiste Broussier
| image = Général_Jean_Broussier.jpg
| image = Général Jean Broussier.jpg
| image_size = 250
| birth_date = 10 March 1766
| born = [[10 March]] [[1766]]
| birth_place = [[Ville-sur-Saulx]]
| placeofbirth = [[Ville-sur-Saulx]]
| death_date = 13 December 1814
| died = [[13 December]] [[1814]]
| death_place = [[Bar-le-Duc]]
| placeofdeath = [[Bar-le-Duc]]
| allegiance =[[First French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire]]
| allegiance =[[First French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire]]
| rank = [[Divisional General|général de division]]
| rank = [[Divisional General|général de division]]
| branch = [[French Army|Army]]
| branch = [[French Army|Army]]
|serviceyears = 1791–1814
| years = [[1791]] - [[1814]]
| serviceyears_label = Active
| conflit = [[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br />[[Napoleonic Wars]], Capture of [[La Spezia]]<br />[[battle of Wagram|Wagram]]
| battles = [[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br />[[Napoleonic Wars]], Capture of [[La Spezia]]<br />[[battle of Wagram|Wagram]]
| commands =
| commands =
| battles =
| awards= Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]<br />[[Comte de l'Empire]]
| awards= Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]<br />[[Comte de l'Empire]]
}}
}}
'''Jean-Baptiste Broussier''', ([[10 March]] [[1766]], [[Ville-sur-Saulx]] - [[13 December]] [[1814]], [[Bar-le-Duc]]), fut un [[général de division]] français.
'''Jean-Baptiste Broussier''' (10 March 1766 – 13 December 1814) was a French [[Divisional General]] of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]].


==Life ==
==Life==
Broussier was born in [[Ville-sur-Saulx]].
<!---Destiné à l'état ecclésiastique, il s'enrôla, en [[1791]], dans le 3e bataillon de la [[Meurthe (département)|Meurthe]], et y fut nommé capitaine en septembre par les volontaires de la Meuse<ref name=HistEmp>{{HistEmp|article=Broussier Jean-Baptiste|page=571}}</ref>. Il fit ses premières armes sous [[Beurnonville]] dans les campagnes du Nord; il fut grièvement blessé à l'[[affaire de Vavrin]], en l'an II.


Meant by his parents for a church career, in 1791 he instead enrolled in the 3rd battalion of [[Meurthe Department|Meurthe]] and was made a captain of the [[Meuse]] volunteers in September of that year.<ref name=HistEmp>{{harvnb|Fierro|Palluel-Guillard|Tulard |1995|p=571}}.</ref> He fought his first battles under [[Pierre de Ruel, Marquis de Beurnonville|Beurnonville]] in the northern campaigns and was severely wounded in the Vavrin affair in year II. Shortly afterwards he was made head of the battalion and was sent with them to [[armée de Sambre-et-Meuse]], charged with the defence of an important post, where he was hit in the head by a musket ball.
Peu de temps après, il est nommé chef de bataillon ou il fut envoyé à l'[[armée de Sambre-et-Meuse]], et chargé de la défense d'un poste important, où il fut atteint d'une balle à la tête.


Broussier passa, en [[1797]], à l'[[armée d'Italie]], il est nommé chef de brigade au [[43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne]]<ref>Tradition Magazine hors série N°26</ref>. Il se distingua à la prise de [[La Spezia]], pénétra un des premiers dans le [[fort de Chiusa]], et fit prisonnier de sa main le général autrichien. Nommé chef de brigade en mars 1797<ref name=HistEmp /> à la suite de ces actions d'éclat, il fut employé à l'[[armée de Naples]], puis chargé de diriger une expédition dans les [[Apennins]]. Il attira dans une embuscade une troupe de {{formatnum:12000}} paysans qui avaient fermé le défilé, et en fit un grand carnage dans le lieu même où les [[Sarnnites]] avaient fait passer les [[Rome antique|Romain]]s sous les [[fourches Caudines]].
In 1797 he moved to the [[armée d'Italie]], where he was made [[chef de brigade]] to the [[43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne]].<ref>Tradition Magazine hors série N°26</ref> He fought with distinction at the capture of [[La Spezia]], being one of the first to break into the fort at Chiusa, and took the Austrian general prisoner with his own hands. He was made chef de brigade in March 1797<ref name=HistEmp /> following these actions and sent to the [[armée de Naples]], before being charged with an expedition into the [[Apennines]]. He ambushed 12,000 peasant troops that had closed off the defile and a major carnage ensued in the [[Caudine Forks]], the same place where the Samnites had caught the Romans. Promoted to [[brigadier general]] by [[Jean Étienne Championnet|Championnet]] for this action on the same day, he was then put in charge of the conquest of [[Naples]], wholly destroying cardinal [[Fabrizio Ruffo]]'s army, submitting the whole of [[Apulia]] after it rose against the French and captured and burned down the towns of [[Trani, Apulia|Trani]] and [[Andria]].


In 1799, the [[French Directory]] had him and Championnet dismissed and tried for extortion before a council of war, but after the [[coup d'état]] of [[30 Prairial]] year VI the charges against Broussier were waived and he was returned him to his rank. With his cousin [[Nicolas Broussier]] as his aide-de-camp, he continued to serve with distinction in [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars#Second Coalition (1799–1800)|Italy]] until 1803, during which time he was made commander of the place de Paris. In 1805 he was promoted to [[Divisional General|divisional general]], before being made Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]] on 21 July 1809, then [[comte de l'Empire]] the following October. He returned to [[Lombardy]] that same year, taking a large part at [[Battle of Wagram|Wagram]]. He then served with equal brilliance in the [[French invasion of Russia]] and the 1813 Germany campaign. He took part in the battles of [[Battle of Ostrovno|Ostrovno]], [[Battle of Borodino|Borodino]], [[Battle of Maloyaroslavets|Maloyaroslavets]] and the [[Battle of Krasnoi|Krasny]]. Straight after the disasters of 1813, he was put in command of the 3rd division of the observation corps at [[Mainz]] before being put in command of [[Strasbourg]] by Napoleon, where he was promptly besieged. In 1814 he took on command of the Meuse before dying of an [[apoplexy]] at [[Bar-le-Duc]]. His name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|engraved on the north side]] of the [[Arc de Triomphe]], in column 7.
Promu par [[Championnet]] pour ce fait au grade de [[général de brigade]] qu'il reçut le même jour, il concourut en cette qualité à la conquête de [[Naples]], détruisit entièrement l'armée du [[cardinal Ruffo]], soumit toute la [[Pouille]] insurgée, et s'empara, après des assauts meurtriers, des villes de [[Trani]] et d'[[Andria]], qu'il fut obligé de réduire en cendres.
[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6818.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Broussier's name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|inscribed]] on the [[Arc de Triomphe]] (1st from the top on the left).]]


==Notes==
En [[1799]], le [[Directoire]] le fit traduire pour crime de [[concussion]], devant un conseil de guerre, avec [[Championnet]], son général en chef ; mais le coup d'État du 30 prairial an VI écarta les dangers qu'il courait, et il fut réintégré dans son grade. Il continua à servir avec beaucoup de distinction en [[Campagne d'Italie (1799-1800)|Italie]], jusqu'en [[1803]], époque où il fut nommé commandant d'armes de la [[place de Paris]].
{{more footnotes|date=May 2017}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
Élevé, en [[1805]], au grade de [[général de division]], Jean-Baptiste Broussier est fait [[Liste des grands officiers de la Légion d'honneur|grand officier de la Légion d'honneur]] le [[21 juillet]] [[1809]], puis [[comte de l'Empire]] en octobre de la même année. Il retourna en [[Lombardie]] cette même année, y déploya encore autant de valeur que d'habileté, et eut une grande part à la [[bataille de Wagram]].
*{{cite book|last1=Fierro |first1=Alfred |last2=Palluel-Guillard |first2=André |last3=Tulard |first3=Jean |chapter=Broussier Jean-Baptiste |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Laffont |title=Histoire et dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire |publisher=Bouquins |location=Paris |year=1995 |page=571 |isbn= 2-221-05858-5 |language=fr}}
* {{Cite Mullié |wstitle=BROUSSIER (JEAN-BAPTISTE, comte) |display=Broussier (Jean-Baptiste)}}
⚫
* Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier [[S.H.A.T.]] Côte : 7 Yd 401.
⚫
** Côte [[S.H.A.T.]], services, awards on [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211132621/http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_militaires/Les_militaires.htm web.genealogie.free.fr : ''Les militaires'']


{{authority control}}
Il fit ensuite, avec non moins d'éclat, les campagnes de [[Campagne de Russie (1812)|Russie]] et de [[Campagne d'Allemagne (1813)|Saxe]]. Il est à [[Bataille d'Ostrovno|Ostrowno]], la [[Bataille de la Moskowa|Moskova]], [[Bataille de Maloyaroslavets|Maloyaroslavets]]. Aussitôt après les désastres de [[1813]], il commande la 3{{e}} division du corps d'observation de [[Mayence]]. Après, il vint s'enfermer à [[Strasbourg]], dont l'Empereur lui avait confié le commandement. Il allait prendre, l'année suivante, celui du département de la [[Meuse (département)|Meuse]], lorsqu'il fut atteint d'une [[apoplexie]] foudroyante qui mit fin à sa carrière, le [[13 décembre]] [[1814]], à [[Bar-le-Duc]].


⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Broussier}}
Son [[Noms gravés sous l'Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile|nom]] est inscrit sur l'[[Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile]], colonne 07, côté nord.
[[Category:1766 births]]
--->
[[Category:1814 deaths]]

[[Category:People from Meuse (department)]]
==Sources and references==
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
<references />
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
* {{Mullié|Jean-Baptiste Broussier}} ;
[[Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
⚫
* Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier [[S.H.A.T.]] Côte : 7 Yd 401.
[[Category:French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
⚫
** Côte [[S.H.A.T.]], état de services, distinctions sur [http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_militaires/Les_militaires.htm web.genealogie.free.fr : ''Les militaires'']
[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]]

[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Broussier]]
[[ru:Бруссье, Жан-Батист]]

⚫
{{BD|1766|1814|Broussier}}
[[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]]

Latest revision as of 15:42, 31 December 2023

Jean-Baptiste Broussier
Born10 March 1766
Ville-sur-Saulx
Died13 December 1814
Bar-le-Duc
AllegianceFirst French Republic,
First French Empire
Service/branchArmy
Active1791–1814
Rankgénéral de division
Battles/warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars, Capture of La Spezia
Wagram
AwardsGrand Officer of the Légion d'honneur
Comte de l'Empire

Jean-Baptiste Broussier (10 March 1766 – 13 December 1814) was a French Divisional General of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.

Life[edit]

Broussier was born in Ville-sur-Saulx.

Meant by his parents for a church career, in 1791 he instead enrolled in the 3rd battalion of Meurthe and was made a captain of the Meuse volunteers in September of that year.[1] He fought his first battles under Beurnonville in the northern campaigns and was severely wounded in the Vavrin affair in year II. Shortly afterwards he was made head of the battalion and was sent with them to armée de Sambre-et-Meuse, charged with the defence of an important post, where he was hit in the head by a musket ball.

In 1797 he moved to the armée d'Italie, where he was made chef de brigade to the 43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne.[2] He fought with distinction at the capture of La Spezia, being one of the first to break into the fort at Chiusa, and took the Austrian general prisoner with his own hands. He was made chef de brigade in March 1797[1] following these actions and sent to the armée de Naples, before being charged with an expedition into the Apennines. He ambushed 12,000 peasant troops that had closed off the defile and a major carnage ensued in the Caudine Forks, the same place where the Samnites had caught the Romans. Promoted to brigadier general by Championnet for this action on the same day, he was then put in charge of the conquest of Naples, wholly destroying cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo's army, submitting the whole of Apulia after it rose against the French and captured and burned down the towns of Trani and Andria.

In 1799, the French Directory had him and Championnet dismissed and tried for extortion before a council of war, but after the coup d'état of 30 Prairial year VI the charges against Broussier were waived and he was returned him to his rank. With his cousin Nicolas Broussier as his aide-de-camp, he continued to serve with distinction in Italy until 1803, during which time he was made commander of the place de Paris. In 1805 he was promoted to divisional general, before being made Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur on 21 July 1809, then comte de l'Empire the following October. He returned to Lombardy that same year, taking a large part at Wagram. He then served with equal brilliance in the French invasion of Russia and the 1813 Germany campaign. He took part in the battles of Ostrovno, Borodino, Maloyaroslavets and the Krasny. Straight after the disasters of 1813, he was put in command of the 3rd division of the observation corps at Mainz before being put in command of Strasbourg by Napoleon, where he was promptly besieged. In 1814 he took on command of the Meuse before dying of an apoplexy at Bar-le-Duc. His name is engraved on the north side of the Arc de Triomphe, in column 7.

Broussier's name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe (1st from the top on the left).

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Fierro, Palluel-Guillard & Tulard 1995, p. 571.
  2. ^ Tradition Magazine hors série N°26

References[edit]

  • Fierro, Alfred; Palluel-Guillard, André; Tulard, Jean (1995). "Broussier Jean-Baptiste". In Laffont, Robert (ed.). Histoire et dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire (in French). Paris: Bouquins. p. 571. ISBN 2-221-05858-5.
  • Mullié, Charles (1852). "Broussier (Jean-Baptiste)" . Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850  (in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie.
  • Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier S.H.A.T. Côte : 7 Yd 401.
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