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{{Short description|French general}}
{{About|Damrémont||Damrémont (disambiguation)}}
{{About|Damrémont||Damrémont (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix =
| honorific_prefix =
|name = Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
| name = Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
|honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
|image = Damrémont par Julien.jpg
| image = Damrémont par Julien.jpg
|image_upright =
| image_upright =
|alt =
| alt =
|caption = General Damrémont.
| caption = General Damrémont.
|native_name =
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|birth_name = Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
| birth_name = Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
|other_name =
| other_name =
|nickname =
| nickname =
|birth_date = 8 February 1783
| birth_date = {{birth date |1783|2|8 |df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]], {{Flagdeco|France}} [[France]]
| birth_place = [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]], [[France]]
|death_date = 12 October 1837
| death_date = {{death date and age |1837|10|12 |1783|2|8 |df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], {{Flagdeco|Algeria}} [[Algeria]]
| death_place = [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], [[Algeria]]
|placeofburial =
| placeofburial =
|placeofburial_label =
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|placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
|allegiance = [[France]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|branch = [[French Army]]
| branch = Army
|branch_label = Branch
| branch_label =
|serviceyears = 1803-1837
| serviceyears = 1803-1837
|serviceyears_label =
| serviceyears_label =
|rank = [[Lieutenant general]]
| rank = [[Lieutenant general]]
|rank_label =
| rank_label =
|servicenumber =
| servicenumber =
|unit =
| unit =
|commands =
| commands =
|battles = [[French conquest of Algeria]]
| battles = [[French conquest of Algeria]]
* [[First Raid on Reghaïa]] (1837)
* [[First Raid on Reghaïa]] (1837)
* [[Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1837)
* [[Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1837)
* [[First Battle of Boudouaou]] (1837)
* [[First Battle of Boudouaou]] (1837)
* [[First Assault of Dellys]] (1837)
* [[First Assault of Dellys]] (1837)
* [[Siege of Constantine]] (1837)
* [[Siege of Constantine]] (1837){{KIA}}
|battles_label =
| battles_label =
|awards =
| awards = *[[Legion of Honour]]
| memorials =
*[[Legion of Honour]]
|memorials =
| alma_mater =
⚫
| spouse = Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers (1800-1892)
|alma_mater =
⚫
| children = * Auguste-Louis-Charles de Damrémont (1819-1884)
⚫
|spouse = Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers (1800-1892)
|children =
⚫
* Auguste-Louis-Charles de Damrémont (1819-1884)
* Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine de Damrémont (1824-1898)
* Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine de Damrémont (1824-1898)
|relations =
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}}
'''Charles-Marie Denys, count de Damrémont''' (born in [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]] on 8 February 1783 and died in [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] on 12 October 1837) was a French general and military governor of [[French Algeria]]. He was killed in combat during the [[siege of Constantine]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=MT5YAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=ToJE7ca-c5MC&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
'''Charles-Marie Denys, comte de Damrémont''' (8 February 1783–12 October 1837) was a French general and military governor of [[French Algeria]]. He was killed in combat during the [[siege of Constantine]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Tablettes historiques du département de la Haute-Marne |first=Jean Baptiste |last=Carnadet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MT5YAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 |page=16 |location=Paris |publisher=J. Techener |date=1856 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="bug">{{cite book |title=Le maréchal Bugeaud |volume=2 |first=Henry |last=d' Ideville |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToJE7ca-c5MC&pg=PA56 |page=56 |language=fr |publisher=Firmin-Didot |location=Paris |date=1882}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Damrémont was born in [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]] within the [[Haute-Marne]] department on 8 February 1787.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=v8fNspfnaf8C&pg=PA183#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=SySI7h2W95kC&pg=PA473#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
Charles-Marie Denys was born in [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne]] on 8 February 1783.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Damrémont, Charles-Marie Denys, comte de |encyclopedia=Dictionnaire de la Conversation et de la Lecture |first=William |last=Duckett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8fNspfnaf8C&pg=PA183 |location=Paris |publisher=Garnier Frères |date=1845 |language=fr |volume=58}}</ref><ref name="gal">{{cite book |title=L'Algérie Ancienne et Moderne |first=Léon |last=Galibert |publisher=Furne |date=1854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SySI7h2W95kC&pg=PA473 |pages=473–474 |language=fr}}</ref>{{rp|473}}


His father is Antoine Denys de Damrémont (1730-1807)<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=bPUZAAAAIAAJ&q=Antoine+Denys+Damremont</ref> who belongs to a family of merchants from [[Bologna]] and who got rich in forges in the 17th century.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=wug2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA719#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=scUEAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA11-PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
His father was Antoine Denys de Damrémont (1730-1807)<ref name="not">{{cite book |title=Grands notables du Premier Empire. 7, Aube ; Marne. Haute-Marne |date=1981 |publisher=Ed. du CNRS |location=Paris |isbn=9782222028475 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPUZAAAAIAAJ&q=Antoine+Denys+Damremont |pages=128–129 |language=fr}}</ref> who belonged to a family of merchants from [[Bologna]] and who got rich in forges in the 17th century.<ref name="bull719">{{cite book |title=Bulletin de la Société héraldique etʹgenéalogique de France |volume=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wug2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA719 |page=719 |date=1898 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Catalogue des gentilshommes en 1789 |volume=1 |first1=Louis |last1=de La Roque |first2=Edouard |last2=de Barthélemy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scUEAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA11-PA19 |page=19 |location=Paris |publisher=E. Dentu |date=1866 |language=fr}}</ref>

⚫
==Family==
He married on 7 February 1819<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=bPUZAAAAIAAJ&q=Baraguey</ref> with Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers born in [[Geneva]] on 25 October 1800<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=rBlHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA331#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> and died in Paris on 4 February 1892<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=wug2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA719#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, the daughter of General [[Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers]], who gave him two children.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=bJhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA272#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=xDQwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>


These two children are the boy Auguste-Louis-Charles born 11 December 1819 in [[Paris]] and died in 1884, and his sister the girl Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine born 11 March 1824 also in Paris and died in 1898.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=1uU-AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA807#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=OLABU_e4u04C&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=n-tRAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>


==Military training==
==Military training==
He entered the military school at [[Fontainebleau]] in 1803.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=sNZmqeHVQBAC&pg=RA4-PA56#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=5QicxVkP860C&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
He entered the military school at [[Fontainebleau]] in 1803.<ref name="bug"/><ref>{{cite book |title=L'Algérie française |volume=2
|first=Arsène |last=Berteuil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QicxVkP860C&pg=PA60 |page=60 |location=Paris |publisher=Dentu |date=1856 |language=fr}}</ref>


After graduating from the school on 1804 he became a lieutenant in the 12th regiment of chasseurs à cheval.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=1YsVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=0v0d-PgHZkIC&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
After graduating from the school on 1804 he became a lieutenant in the 12th regiment of chasseurs à cheval.<ref>{{cite book |title=Notice du Musée imperial de Versailles: Premier étage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1YsVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA73 |page=73 |first=Eudoxe |last=Soulié |location=Paris |publisher=Charles de Mourgues Frères |date=1860 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=de Damrémont |encyclopedia=Grand dictionnaire historique, généalogique et biographique de la Haute-Marche |first=Ambroise |last=Tardieu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0v0d-PgHZkIC&pg=PA273 |pages=274–275 |publisher=Herment |date=1894 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Campaigns of Napoleon==
==Europe campaigns==
⚫
He took part in the Wars of the [[War of the Third Coalition|Third]] and [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Fourth Coalition]]s. In 1807 he became aide-de-camp to general Defrance and afterwards to [[Auguste de Marmont|Marshal Marmont]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire de la Restauration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YsjE3vOVDQC&pg=PA110 |page=110 |first=Alfred |last=Nettement |publisher=Lecoffre |location=Paris |date=1860 |language=fr}}</ref>
{{Main|Peninsular War}}
⚫
He took part in the Wars of the [[War of the Third Coalition|Third]] and [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Fourth Coalition]]s. In 1807 he became aide-de-camp to general Defrance and afterwards to [[Auguste de Marmont|Marshal Marmont]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=6YsjE3vOVDQC&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=BE4BAAAAMAAJ</ref>


In 1811 and 1812 Damrémont served in the [[Peninsular War]] but in 1813 he transferred to the [[Grande Armée]] with which he fought in the campaigns in Germany (1813) and France (1814).<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=tEhEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA297#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=878NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1277#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
In 1811 and 1812 Damrémont served in the [[Peninsular War]] but in 1813 he transferred to the [[Grande Armée]] with which he fought in the campaigns in Germany (1813) and France (1814).<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire des Deux Restaurations |first= Achille |last=de Vaulabelle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEhEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA297 |publisher=Perrotin |location=Paris |date=1844 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chateaubriand |first1=François René de |title=Mémoires d'outre-tombe |date=1958 |publisher=Gallimard |location=Paris |isbn=9782070101276 |page=1277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=878NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1277}}</ref>


During the [[Hundred Days]] Damrémont became a colonel.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=NSVbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA213#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=6M9iOVW-LLEC&pg=PA248#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
During the [[Hundred Days]] Damrémont became a colonel.<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire populaire du Consulat, de l'Empire et des Cent Jours |first=Hippolyte |last=Magen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSVbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA213 |page=213 |publisher=Martinon |location=Paris |date=1854 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="inv">{{cite book |title=Les Invalides: grandes ephémérides de l'hôtel impérial des Invalides |first=Jean |last=Gérard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6M9iOVW-LLEC&pg=PA248 |pages=248–249 |publisher=Henri Plon |location=Paris |date=1862 |language=fr}}</ref>


On 25 April 1821 Damrémont was promoted to [[Maréchal de camp]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=x0g_6cwOBgcC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=xTB2yEZ6iQkC&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
On 25 April 1821 Damrémont was promoted to [[Maréchal de camp]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Le maréchal Canrobert |first=François |last=Bournand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0g_6cwOBgcC&pg=PA7 |page=7 |publisher=Sanard et Derangeon |location=Paris |date=1895 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Géographie départementale, classique et administrative de la France |volume=1 |first=Ernest |last=Badin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTB2yEZ6iQkC&pg=PA189 |page=189 |publisher=Dubochet |location=Paris |date=1847 |language=fr}}</ref>


In 1823 he was given command of a unit in the 5th Corps in the [[Army of the Pyrenees]], which took part in the [[Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis|French invasion of Spain]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=hS1leUXQIn4C&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
In 1823 he was given command of a unit in the 5th Corps in the [[Army of the Pyrenees]], which took part in the [[Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis|French invasion of Spain]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Précis des opérations de l'Armée des Pyrénées, en 1823 |first=J. A. A. |last=Barny de Romanet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hS1leUXQIn4C&pg=PA126 |page=126 |publisher=Sanson |location=Paris |date=1823 |language=fr}}</ref>


From 1823 to 1829 he served as inspector of the infantry and was named as a member of various military commissions.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=z9k9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA392#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
From 1823 to 1829 he served as inspector of the infantry and was named as a member of various military commissions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Archives parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 |volume=99 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9k9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA392 |page=392 |location=Paris |date=1899 |language=fr|last1=Laurent |first1=E. |last2=Mavidal |first2=Jérôme |last3=Colombey |first3=Emile |last4=Claveau |first4=Louis |last5=Pionnier |first5=Constant |last6=Reinhard |first6=Marcel R. |last7=Bouloiseau |first7=Marc |last8=Lefebvre |first8=Georges }}</ref>


==Conquest of Algeria==
==Conquest of Algeria==
[[File:Obsèques de Danrémont par Edouard Detaille 3081.JPG|thumb|Damrémont's funeral (1837)]]
[[File:Obsèques de Damrémont par Édouard Detaille 3081.jpg|thumb|Damrémont's funeral (1837)]]
{{Main|French conquest of Algeria}}
{{Main|French conquest of Algeria}}
In 1830 he commanded an infantry brigade in the [[French conquest of Algeria|French invasion of Algeria]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=HogeBCW65tUC&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> On 13 December 1830 Damrémont was promoted to lieutenant-general.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=sSXL58dAYq4C&pg=PA249#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=4N-0W0qU9ikC&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
In 1830 he commanded an infantry brigade in the [[French conquest of Algeria|French invasion of Algeria]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire d'Oran |first=Henri-León |last=Fey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HogeBCW65tUC&pg=PA314 |page=314 |publisher=Adolphe Perrier |location=Oran |date=1858 |language=fr}}</ref> On 13 December 1830 Damrémont was promoted to lieutenant-general.<ref name="inv"/><ref name="par">{{cite journal |title=Notice sur le Général de Damrémont |journal=Journal des sciences militaires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4N-0W0qU9ikC&pg=PA309 |page=311 |first=R. |last=Paris |volume=2 |issue=69 |date=23 September 1838 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Back to France==
==Back to France==
After his participation with the [[troupes coloniales]] at the start of the [[French conquest of Algeria]], Damrémont returned to [[France]] where he was given command of the 8th military division in [[Marseille]] on 6 February 1832.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=sR1OAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA212#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
After his participation with the [[troupes coloniales]] at the start of the [[French conquest of Algeria]], Damrémont returned to [[France]] where he was given command of the 8th military division in [[Marseille]] on 6 February 1832.<ref>{{cite book |title=L'Europe depuis l'avénement du roi Louis-Philippe |volume=13 |first=Jean Baptiste Honoré Raymond |last=Capefigue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR1OAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA212 |page=212 |publisher=Meline, Cans et Compagnie |location=Brussels |date=1846 |language=fr}}</ref>


On 15 September 1835 he was named [[Pair de France]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=dweaYvStrA0C&pg=PA179#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
On 15 September 1835 he was named [[Pair de France]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Damrémont (Charles-Marie Denys, comte de) |encyclopedia=La Haute-Marne ancienne et moderne |first=Émile |last=Jolibois |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dweaYvStrA0C&pg=PA179 |page=179 |publisher=Miot-Dadant |location=Chaumont |date=1858 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Governor of Algeria==
==Governor of Algeria==
{{Main|List of French governors of Algeria}}
{{Main|List of French governors of Algeria}}
{{See also|French Algeria}}
{{See also|French Algeria}}
On 12 February 1837 Damrémont was appointed governor-general of [[French Algeria]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=mkFSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA331#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
On 12 February 1837 Damrémont was appointed governor-general of [[French Algeria]].<ref name="corps"/>


He was appointed to this strategic post after General [[Bertrand Clauzel]] (1772–1842) failed in 1836 during the [[First Battle of Constantine]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=5XpICOuErZ4C&pg=PR133#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
He was appointed to this strategic post after General [[Bertrand Clauzel]] (1772–1842) failed in 1836 during the [[First Battle of Constantine]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Itinéraire de l'Algérie, de la Tunisie et de Tanger |first=Louis |last=Piesse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XpICOuErZ4C&pg=PR133 |page=133 |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris |date=1882 |language=fr}}</ref>


Damrémont was to resume the attempt to besiege and submit this city in the impregnable [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] until then.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=xc5NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA179#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
Damrémont was to resume the attempt to besiege and submit this city in the impregnable [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] until then.<ref>{{cite book |title=Leçons d'histoire & de géographie militaires |volume=3 |first=Louis August |last=Picard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xc5NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA179 |page=179 |publisher=S. Milon |location=Saumur |date=1887 |language=fr}}</ref>


Governor Charles-Marie Denys had in his new mission to gather human reinforcements and adequate resources in order to succeed in the conquest of the [[Constantinois]] region.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=qeqKBi0Z7F8C&pg=PA479#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
Governor Charles-Marie Denys had in his new mission to gather human reinforcements and adequate resources in order to succeed in the conquest of the [[Constantinois]] region.<ref>{{cite book |title=Les français en Algérie: Récits Algériens |volume=1 |first=E. |last=Perret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qeqKBi0Z7F8C&pg=PA479 |page=479 |publisher=Bloud et Barral |location=Paris |date=1886 |language=fr}}</ref>


The alliance between [[Ahmed Bey]] (1786-1851) in the Constantinois with the [[Emir Abdelkader]] (1808–1883) in [[Oran]]ia was a stake and a squirrel that General Damrémont had to overcome in order to establish the French colonial power over the entire [[Algerian territory]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=Fuo3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
The alliance between [[Ahmed Bey]] (1786-1851) in the Constantinois with the [[Emir Abdelkader]] (1808–1883) in [[Oran]]ia was a stake and a squirrel that General Damrémont had to overcome in order to establish the French colonial power over the entire [[Algerian territory]].<ref>{{cite book |title=L'univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fuo3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA292 |page=292 |publisher=Firmin Didot |location=Paris |date=1857 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Mitidja==
==Mitidja==
[[File:Alger geographie.png|thumb|Algerian Sahel]]
[[File:Alger geographie.png|thumb|Algerian Sahel]]
{{Main|First Raid on Reghaïa}}
{{Main|First Raid on Reghaïa}}
General Damrémont spent the first half of 1837 in partial engagements with rebels affiliated with [[Emir Mustapha]] (1814–1863) in the Algerian Sahel and [[Mitidja]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=SmIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=vHVbO_AJDGkC&pg=PA270#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
General Damrémont spent the first half of 1837 in partial engagements with rebels affiliated with [[Emir Mustapha]] (1814–1863) in the Algerian Sahel and [[Mitidja]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Annales algériennes |volume=2 |first=Henri Jean F. Edmond |last=Pellissier de Reynaud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA235 |page=235 |publisher=Dumaine |location=Paris |date=1854 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Campagnes de l'armée d'Afrique, 1835-1839 |first=Ferdinand-Philippe |last=d'Orléans |author-link=Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans |url=https://archive.org/details/campagnesdelarme00orla/page/270/mode/2up |page=270 |publisher=Michel Levy |location=Paris |date=1870}}</ref>


Indeed, the Emir Mustapha organized from his stronghold of [[Médéa]] in the [[Titteri]] massif, guerrilla attacks against the French camps in Mitidja and harassed the villagers who came to collaborate with the colonial authorities.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=DnULAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/campagnesdelarme00orla#page/268/mode/2up</ref>
Indeed, the Emir Mustapha organized from his stronghold of [[Médéa]] in the [[Titteri]] massif, guerrilla attacks against the French camps in Mitidja and harassed the villagers who came to collaborate with the colonial authorities.<ref name="ques">{{cite book |title=L'armée d'Afrique depuis la conquête d'Alger |first=Ferdinand Désiré |last=Quesnoy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DnULAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116 |page=116 |publisher=Jouvet |location=Paris |date=1888 |language=fr}}</ref>{{sfn|d'Orléans|1870|p=268}}


This conflicting situation at the gates of the [[Casbah of Algiers]] caused worry and hassle in Damrémont which could not quickly organize decisive expeditions and military campaigns outside the Mitidja.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=xoFF9BycgTUC&pg=PA530#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=uG9eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
This conflicting situation at the gates of the [[Casbah of Algiers]] caused worry and hassle in Damrémont which could not quickly organize decisive expeditions and military campaigns outside the Mitidja.<ref>{{cite book |title=Revue contemporaine |volume=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xoFF9BycgTUC&pg=PA530 |page=530 |location=Paris |date=1862 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Correspondance militaire |editor-first=Georg H. |editor-last=Schuster |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uG9eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA132 |page=132 |publisher=P. Rohrmann |location=Vienna |date=1842 |language=fr}}</ref>


He took advantage of the presence of General [[Thomas Robert Bugeaud]] (1784–1849) in [[Algeria]] to send him to [[Oran]]ia to attack the capital of the [[Emirate of Abdelkader]] in order to open up the region of [[Algérois]] and to devote himself to preparing the ultimate expedition against [[Constantine]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=fhFQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=W9fqTWb75bgC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
He took advantage of the presence of General [[Thomas Robert Bugeaud]] (1784–1849) in [[Algeria]] to send him to [[Oran]]ia to attack the capital of the [[Emirate of Abdelkader]] in order to open up the region of [[Algérois]] and to devote himself to preparing the ultimate expedition against [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bou-Farik |first=Corneille |last=Trumelet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhFQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA132 |page=132 |publisher=Adolphe Jourdan |location=Algiers |date=1887 |language=fr}}</ref>{{sfn|d'Orléans |1870 |p=271}}


But Damrémont's military strategy saw before it the [[Khachna]] and [[Djurdjura]] mountains where the [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] tribes and the [[marabout]]s of the [[Zawiyas in Algeria|zawiyas]] of the [[Rahmaniyya]] [[Sufi brotherhood]] could compromise and defeat the next campaign towards Constantine.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=BMBIAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=MMD5fkVQMoMC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
But Damrémont's military strategy saw before it the [[Khachna]] and [[Djurdjura]] mountains where the [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] tribes and the [[marabout]]s of the [[Zawiyas in Algeria|zawiyas]] of the [[Rahmaniyya]] [[Sufi brotherhood]] could compromise and defeat the next campaign towards Constantine.<ref>{{cite journal |title=La Kabylie et les Kabyles |first=J. |last=Vilbert |journal=Revue française |volume=13 |issue=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMBIAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA92 |page=92 |location=Paris |date=1 January 1866 |language=fr}}</ref>{{sfn|d'Orléans |1870 |p=271}}


This is how took place on 8 May 1837 the [[First Raid on Reghaïa|attack on Reghaïa]] in Mitidja against a colonial farm of 3000 hectares in area by the Kabyles of Beni Aïcha, [[Issers]] and Amraoua.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=xi86AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/campagnesdelarme00orla#page/272/mode/2up</ref>
This is how took place on 8 May 1837 the [[First Raid on Reghaïa|attack on Reghaïa]] in Mitidja against a colonial farm of 3000 hectares in area by the Kabyles of Beni Aïcha, [[Issers]] and Amraoua.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bou-Farik et son Marché |first=C. T. |last=de Fallon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi86AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88 |page=88 |publisher=A. Mauguin |location=Blida |date=1869 |language=fr}}</ref>{{sfn|d'Orléans |1870 |p=272}}


General Damrémont took advantage of the disarray which settled in [[Algiers]] among the French, the day after the raid on [[Reghaïa]], to organize a punitive expedition to pacify the eastern region of Mitidja which borders the [[Kabylia]] of rebels subservient to the Emir Mustapha and the marabouts.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=JD5mAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
General Damrémont took advantage of the disarray which settled in [[Algiers]] among the French, the day after the raid on [[Reghaïa]], to organize a punitive expedition to pacify the eastern region of Mitidja which borders the [[Kabylia]] of rebels subservient to the Emir Mustapha and the marabouts.<ref>{{cite book |title=En Kabylie: voyage d'une parisienne au Djurjura |first=Joseph |last=Vilbort |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD5mAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29 |page=29 |publisher=Charpentier |location=Paris |date=1875 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Kabylia==
==Kabylia==
[[File:Plan de Thénia des Béni Aïcha dans le territoire des Khachna à l'est d'Alger.jpg|thumb|[[Khachna Massif]] in [[Kabylia]].]]
{{Main|Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha}}
{{Main|Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha}}
{{See also|First Battle of Boudouaou|First Battle of the Issers}}
{{See also|First Battle of Boudouaou|First Battle of the Issers}}
Governor Damrémont decided in the aftermath of the Mitidja troubles in 1837 to hold General [[Alexandre Charles Perrégaux]] (1791-1837) responsible for the mission to subdue the coastal town of [[Dellys]] from where the Amraoua Kabyles left to devastate the French agricultural concessions in the [[Mitidja]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=WqtXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/histoiredelalg00gali#page/n569/mode/2up</ref>
Governor Damrémont decided in the aftermath of the Mitidja troubles in 1837 to hold General [[Alexandre Charles Perrégaux]] (1791-1837) responsible for the mission to subdue the coastal town of [[Dellys]] from where the Amraoua Kabyles left to devastate the French agricultural concessions in the [[Mitidja]].<ref name="ber">{{cite book |title=Les époques militaires de la Grande Kabilie |first=Adrien |last=Berbrugger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WqtXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13 |page=13 |publisher=Bastide |location=Algiers |date=1857 |language=fr}}</ref>{{r|gal|p=474}}


Instructions were given to General Perrégaux to divide the [[troupes coloniales]] involved in this punitive expedition against the Kabyles into two distinct military columns.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=ycYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA375#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/larmedafriquede00quesgoog#page/n133/mode/2up</ref>
Instructions were given to General Perrégaux to divide the [[troupes coloniales]] involved in this punitive expedition against the Kabyles into two distinct military columns.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kabiles |encyclopedia=Compleḿent de l'Encycloped́ie moderne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ycYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA375 |page=375 |volume=7 |publisher=Firmin Didot |location=Paris |date=1863 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="ques"/>


The first maritime column was to be commanded by Perregaux himself, and was going to embark on 17 May 1837 on ships from the port of Algiers in order to land on the shore of [[Oued Isser]] then move forward to disembark in the port of [[Dellys]].<ref>https://archive.org/stream/lespoquesmilitai00berb#page/n13/mode/2up</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/crisdeconscience00roze#page/342/mode/2up</ref>
The first maritime column was to be commanded by Perregaux himself, and was going to embark on 17 May 1837 on ships from the port of Algiers in order to land on the shore of [[Oued Isser]] then move forward to disembark in the port of [[Dellys]].<ref name="ber"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Cris de conscience de l'Algérie |last=Rozey |first=A. G. |url=https://archive.org/stream/crisdeconscience00roze#page/342/mode/2up |page=342 |publisher=Voizel |location=Paris |date=1840 |language=fr}}</ref>


The second pedestrian column of infantry and cavalry, which was to be commanded by Colonel [[Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg]] (1784-1838), would also begin a sustained march on 17 May 1837 from [[Boudouaou]] to reach the [[Col des Beni Aïcha]] to meet the naval forces disembarked from Perrégaux in the [[Issers]] valley in order to continue the expedition to the Amraoua dens around the [[Casbah of Dellys]].<ref>https://archive.org/stream/campagnesdelarme00orla#page/270/mode/2up</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=yu5AAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA288#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
The second pedestrian column of infantry and cavalry, which was to be commanded by Colonel [[Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg]] (1784-1838), would also begin a sustained march on 17 May 1837 from [[Boudouaou]] to reach the [[Col des Beni Aïcha]] to meet the naval forces disembarked from Perrégaux in the [[Issers]] valley in order to continue the expedition to the Amraoua dens around the [[Casbah of Dellys]].{{sfn|d'Orléans |1870 |p=270}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Tricolor on the Atlas; or, Algeria and the French Conquest |first=Moritz |last=Wagner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yu5AAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA288 |page=288 |publisher=Nelson & Sons |location=New York |date=1855 |translator-first=Francis |translator-last=Pulszky}}</ref>


==Constantinois==
==Constantinois==
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{{Main|Siege of Constantine}}
{{Main|Siege of Constantine}}
{{See also|Constantinois}}
{{See also|Constantinois}}
In October 1837 Damrémont commanded an expedition against [[Siege of Constantine|Constantine]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=hTk8lxoZhd8C&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=2U8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA577#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
In October 1837 Damrémont commanded an expedition against [[Siege of Constantine|Constantine]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Expéditions de Constantine |first=V. |last=Devoisins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hTk8lxoZhd8C&pg=PA77 |page=77 |publisher=Rorert |location=Paris |date=1840 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="duc">{{cite book |title=Histoire contemporaine (1789-1889) |first=Gustave |last=Ducoudray |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2U8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA577 |page=577 |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris |date=1892 |language=fr}}</ref>


During the siege Damrémont was hit in the head by a bullet and mortally wounded during the evening of 12 October.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=phelpweQKoQC&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=IkwUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
During the siege Damrémont was hit in the head by a bullet and mortally wounded during the evening of 12 October.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fastes de la France |volume=4 |first=C. |last=Mullié |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phelpweQKoQC&pg=PA120 |page=120 |publisher=Bertin |location=Paris |date=1858 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'État |volume=38 |first=J. B. |last=Duvergier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkwUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA31 |page=31 |publisher=Bosquet |location=Paris |date=1839 |language=fr}}</ref>


He was replaced by general [[Sylvain Charles Valée|Valée]] who continued the attack and proceeded to capture the city on the 13th.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=wyZkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=zUsMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA603#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
He was replaced by general [[Sylvain Charles Valée|Valée]] who continued the attack and proceeded to capture the city on the 13th.<ref>{{cite book |title=Recueil de documens sur l'expédition et la prise de Constantine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyZkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15 |page=15 |publisher=Corréard |location=Paris |date=1838 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="duc"/>


==Burial==
==Burial==
Damrémont was buried in a ceremony at [[Les Invalides]],<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=tlwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA244#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> which also saw the premiere of [[Hector Berlioz]]'s [[Requiem (Berlioz)|Requiem]].<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=BvXUbdXrnEUC&pg=RA1-PA247#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
Damrémont was buried in a ceremony at [[Les Invalides]],{{sfn|Gérard|1862|p=244}} which also saw the premiere of [[Hector Berlioz]]'s [[Requiem (Berlioz)|Requiem]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Annuaire historique universel pour 1837 |first=Ulysse |last=Tencé |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvXUbdXrnEUC&pg=RA1-PA247 |page=247 |publisher=Thoisnier-Desplaces |location=Paris |date=1838 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==
Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont was decorated with several medals during his military career, including:<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=NYA3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=9f5KAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont was decorated with several medals during his military career, including:<ref>{{cite journal |title=Cirta-Constantine |journal=Revue africaine |volume=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYA3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA13 |page=13 |publisher=Bastide |location=Algiers |date=1871}}</ref><ref name="par"/>
* Officer of the ''[[Legion of Honour]]'', decorated with this medal since 15 September 1827.<ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=Tb8tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.dz/books?id=Q0d65cWu9bwC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
* Officer of the ''[[Legion of Honour]]'', decorated with this medal since 15 September 1827.<ref>{{cite book |title=Souvenirs de l'armée d'Afrique |first=Ernest |last=Watbled |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tb8tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA156 |page=156 |publisher=Challamel Ainé |location=Paris |date=1877 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Denys de Damrémont (lieutenant-général)|encyclopedia=Biographie des hommes du jour |volume=1 |first1=Germain |last1=Sarrut |first2=Edme-Théodore |last2=Bourg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0d65cWu9bwC&pg=PA42 |pages=42–43 |publisher=Krabe |location=Paris |date=1836 |language=fr}}</ref>

⚫
==Family==
Damrémont married Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers (25 October 1800<ref name="corps">{{cite book |title=Corps du Droit Français |volume=6|first=Charles Michel |last=Galisset |publisher=Blanchet |location=Paris |date=1843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBlHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA331 |page=331 |language=fr}}</ref>–4 February 1892<ref name="bull719"/>), the daughter of General [[Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers]], on 7 February 1819.<ref name="not"/> The couple had two children:<ref>{{cite book |title=Annuaire de la pairie et de la noblesse de France |volume=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA272 |page=272 |location=Paris |publisher=Dentu |date=1847 |first=André F. |last=Borel d'Hauterive |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="pro">{{cite book |title=Procés-verbaux de la chambre des députés |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDQwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23 |pages=23, 807 |volume=2 |publisher=A. Henry |location=Paris |date=1838 |language=fr}}</ref>

* Auguste-Louis-Charles, born 11 December 1819 in [[Paris]] and died in 1884.
* Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine, born 11 March 1824 also in Paris and died in 1898.<ref name="pro"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Bulletin des lois. Partie supplémentaire |volume=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLABU_e4u04C&pg=PA23 |page=23 |location=Paris |publisher=Imprimerie Nationale |date=1893 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Recueil critique de jurisprudence et de législation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-tRAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA57 |page=57 |location=Paris |date=1838 |language=fr}}</ref>



==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<center><gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:Photo aérienne de Reghaia.jpg|[[First Raid on Reghaïa]] (1837)
File:Photo aérienne de Reghaia.jpg|[[First Raid on Reghaïa]] (1837)
File:Col de Ténia.jpg|[[Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1837)
File:Col de Ténia.jpg|[[Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1837)
Line 160: Line 161:
File:Oued Isser واد يسر - panoramio.jpg|[[First Battle of the Issers]] (1837)
File:Oued Isser واد يسر - panoramio.jpg|[[First Battle of the Issers]] (1837)
File:Sidi Soussan à Dellys.jpg|[[First Assault of Dellys]] (1837)
File:Sidi Soussan à Dellys.jpg|[[First Assault of Dellys]] (1837)
</gallery></center>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 188: Line 189:


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite Mullié |wstitle=DAMRÉMONT |display=Damrémont}}
« Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont », in Charles Mullié, ''Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850'', 1852.

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Correspondance du général Damrémont, gouverneur général des possessions françaises dans le nord de l'Afrique |first=Charles Marie Denis |last=Damrémont |publisher=H. Champion |date=1927 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BE4BAAAAMAAJ}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Damremont, Charles-Marie Denys}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Damremont, Charles-Marie Denys}}
[[Category:1783 births]]
[[Category:1783 births]]
[[Category:People from Chaumont, Haute-Marne]]
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths in Algeria]]
[[Category:People from Chaumont, Haute-Marne]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Algeria]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Algeria]]
[[Category:Counts of France]]
[[Category:Counts of France]]
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[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:People of the Peninsular War]]
[[Category:People of the Peninsular War]]
[[Category:Governor generals of Algeria]]
[[Category:Governors general of Algeria]]
[[Category:19th-century French military personnel]]
[[Category:19th-century French military personnel]]
[[Category:French military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:French military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis]]

Latest revision as of 08:50, 6 January 2024

This article is about Damrémont. For other uses, see Damrémont (disambiguation).
Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
General Damrémont.
Birth nameCharles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
Born(1783-02-08)8 February 1783
Chaumont, France
Died12 October 1837(1837-10-12) (aged 54)
Constantine, Algeria
AllegianceFrance France
Service/branchArmy
Years of service1803-1837
RankLieutenant general
Battles/warsFrench conquest of Algeria
Awards
Spouse(s)Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers (1800-1892)
Children
  • Auguste-Louis-Charles de Damrémont (1819-1884)
  • Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine de Damrémont (1824-1898)

Charles-Marie Denys, comte de Damrémont (8 February 1783–12 October 1837) was a French general and military governor of French Algeria. He was killed in combat during the siege of Constantine.[1][2]

Early life[edit]

Charles-Marie Denys was born in Chaumont, Haute-Marne on 8 February 1783.[3][4]: 473 

His father was Antoine Denys de Damrémont (1730-1807)[5] who belonged to a family of merchants from Bologna and who got rich in forges in the 17th century.[6][7]


Military training[edit]

He entered the military school at Fontainebleau in 1803.[2][8]

After graduating from the school on 1804 he became a lieutenant in the 12th regiment of chasseurs à cheval.[9][10]

Campaigns of Napoleon[edit]

He took part in the Wars of the Third and Fourth Coalitions. In 1807 he became aide-de-camp to general Defrance and afterwards to Marshal Marmont.[11]

In 1811 and 1812 Damrémont served in the Peninsular War but in 1813 he transferred to the Grande Armée with which he fought in the campaigns in Germany (1813) and France (1814).[12][13]

During the Hundred Days Damrémont became a colonel.[14][15]

On 25 April 1821 Damrémont was promoted to Maréchal de camp.[16][17]

In 1823 he was given command of a unit in the 5th Corps in the Army of the Pyrenees, which took part in the French invasion of Spain.[18]

From 1823 to 1829 he served as inspector of the infantry and was named as a member of various military commissions.[19]

Conquest of Algeria[edit]

Damrémont's funeral (1837)
Main article: French conquest of Algeria

In 1830 he commanded an infantry brigade in the French invasion of Algeria.[20] On 13 December 1830 Damrémont was promoted to lieutenant-general.[15][21]

Back to France[edit]

After his participation with the troupes coloniales at the start of the French conquest of Algeria, Damrémont returned to France where he was given command of the 8th military division in Marseille on 6 February 1832.[22]

On 15 September 1835 he was named Pair de France.[23]

Governor of Algeria[edit]

Main article: List of French governors of Algeria
See also: French Algeria

On 12 February 1837 Damrémont was appointed governor-general of French Algeria.[24]

He was appointed to this strategic post after General Bertrand Clauzel (1772–1842) failed in 1836 during the First Battle of Constantine.[25]

Damrémont was to resume the attempt to besiege and submit this city in the impregnable Constantine until then.[26]

Governor Charles-Marie Denys had in his new mission to gather human reinforcements and adequate resources in order to succeed in the conquest of the Constantinois region.[27]

The alliance between Ahmed Bey (1786-1851) in the Constantinois with the Emir Abdelkader (1808–1883) in Orania was a stake and a squirrel that General Damrémont had to overcome in order to establish the French colonial power over the entire Algerian territory.[28]

Mitidja[edit]

Algerian Sahel
Main article: First Raid on Reghaïa

General Damrémont spent the first half of 1837 in partial engagements with rebels affiliated with Emir Mustapha (1814–1863) in the Algerian Sahel and Mitidja.[29][30]

Indeed, the Emir Mustapha organized from his stronghold of Médéa in the Titteri massif, guerrilla attacks against the French camps in Mitidja and harassed the villagers who came to collaborate with the colonial authorities.[31][32]

This conflicting situation at the gates of the Casbah of Algiers caused worry and hassle in Damrémont which could not quickly organize decisive expeditions and military campaigns outside the Mitidja.[33][34]

He took advantage of the presence of General Thomas Robert Bugeaud (1784–1849) in Algeria to send him to Orania to attack the capital of the Emirate of Abdelkader in order to open up the region of Algérois and to devote himself to preparing the ultimate expedition against Constantine.[35][36]

But Damrémont's military strategy saw before it the Khachna and Djurdjura mountains where the Kabyle tribes and the marabouts of the zawiyas of the Rahmaniyya Sufi brotherhood could compromise and defeat the next campaign towards Constantine.[37][36]

This is how took place on 8 May 1837 the attack on Reghaïa in Mitidja against a colonial farm of 3000 hectares in area by the Kabyles of Beni Aïcha, Issers and Amraoua.[38][39]

General Damrémont took advantage of the disarray which settled in Algiers among the French, the day after the raid on Reghaïa, to organize a punitive expedition to pacify the eastern region of Mitidja which borders the Kabylia of rebels subservient to the Emir Mustapha and the marabouts.[40]

Kabylia[edit]

Main article: Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha
See also: First Battle of Boudouaou and First Battle of the Issers

Governor Damrémont decided in the aftermath of the Mitidja troubles in 1837 to hold General Alexandre Charles Perrégaux (1791-1837) responsible for the mission to subdue the coastal town of Dellys from where the Amraoua Kabyles left to devastate the French agricultural concessions in the Mitidja.[41][4]: 474 

Instructions were given to General Perrégaux to divide the troupes coloniales involved in this punitive expedition against the Kabyles into two distinct military columns.[42][31]

The first maritime column was to be commanded by Perregaux himself, and was going to embark on 17 May 1837 on ships from the port of Algiers in order to land on the shore of Oued Isser then move forward to disembark in the port of Dellys.[41][43]

The second pedestrian column of infantry and cavalry, which was to be commanded by Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg (1784-1838), would also begin a sustained march on 17 May 1837 from Boudouaou to reach the Col des Beni Aïcha to meet the naval forces disembarked from Perrégaux in the Issers valley in order to continue the expedition to the Amraoua dens around the Casbah of Dellys.[44][45]

Constantinois[edit]

Siege of Constantine (1837)
Main article: Siege of Constantine
See also: Constantinois

In October 1837 Damrémont commanded an expedition against Constantine.[46][47]

During the siege Damrémont was hit in the head by a bullet and mortally wounded during the evening of 12 October.[48][49]

He was replaced by general Valée who continued the attack and proceeded to capture the city on the 13th.[50][47]

Burial[edit]

Damrémont was buried in a ceremony at Les Invalides,[51] which also saw the premiere of Hector Berlioz's Requiem.[52]

Awards[edit]

Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont was decorated with several medals during his military career, including:[53][21]

Family[edit]

Damrémont married Clémentine Baraguey d'Hilliers (25 October 1800[24]–4 February 1892[6]), the daughter of General Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, on 7 February 1819.[5] The couple had two children:[56][57]

  • Auguste-Louis-Charles, born 11 December 1819 in Paris and died in 1884.
  • Henriette-Françoise-Clémentine, born 11 March 1824 also in Paris and died in 1898.[57][58][59]


Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Carnadet, Jean Baptiste (1856). Tablettes historiques du département de la Haute-Marne (in French). Paris: J. Techener. p. 16.
  2. ^ a b d' Ideville, Henry (1882). Le maréchal Bugeaud (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Firmin-Didot. p. 56.
  3. ^ Duckett, William (1845). "Damrémont, Charles-Marie Denys, comte de". Dictionnaire de la Conversation et de la Lecture (in French). Vol. 58. Paris: Garnier Frères.
  4. ^ a b Galibert, Léon (1854). L'Algérie Ancienne et Moderne (in French). Furne. pp. 473–474.
  5. ^ a b Grands notables du Premier Empire. 7, Aube ; Marne. Haute-Marne (in French). Paris: Ed. du CNRS. 1981. pp. 128–129. ISBN 9782222028475.
  6. ^ a b Bulletin de la Société héraldique etʹgenéalogique de France (in French). Vol. 11. 1898. p. 719.
  7. ^ de La Roque, Louis; de Barthélemy, Edouard (1866). Catalogue des gentilshommes en 1789 (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: E. Dentu. p. 19.
  8. ^ Berteuil, Arsène (1856). L'Algérie française (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Dentu. p. 60.
  9. ^ Soulié, Eudoxe (1860). Notice du Musée imperial de Versailles: Premier étage (in French). Paris: Charles de Mourgues Frères. p. 73.
  10. ^ Tardieu, Ambroise (1894). "de Damrémont". Grand dictionnaire historique, généalogique et biographique de la Haute-Marche (in French). Herment. pp. 274–275.
  11. ^ Nettement, Alfred (1860). Histoire de la Restauration (in French). Paris: Lecoffre. p. 110.
  12. ^ de Vaulabelle, Achille (1844). Histoire des Deux Restaurations (in French). Paris: Perrotin.
  13. ^ Chateaubriand, François René de (1958). Mémoires d'outre-tombe. Paris: Gallimard. p. 1277. ISBN 9782070101276.
  14. ^ Magen, Hippolyte (1854). Histoire populaire du Consulat, de l'Empire et des Cent Jours (in French). Paris: Martinon. p. 213.
  15. ^ a b Gérard, Jean (1862). Les Invalides: grandes ephémérides de l'hôtel impérial des Invalides (in French). Paris: Henri Plon. pp. 248–249.
  16. ^ Bournand, François (1895). Le maréchal Canrobert (in French). Paris: Sanard et Derangeon. p. 7.
  17. ^ Badin, Ernest (1847). Géographie départementale, classique et administrative de la France (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Dubochet. p. 189.
  18. ^ Barny de Romanet, J. A. A. (1823). Précis des opérations de l'Armée des Pyrénées, en 1823 (in French). Paris: Sanson. p. 126.
  19. ^ Laurent, E.; Mavidal, Jérôme; Colombey, Emile; Claveau, Louis; Pionnier, Constant; Reinhard, Marcel R.; Bouloiseau, Marc; Lefebvre, Georges (1899). Archives parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 (in French). Vol. 99. Paris. p. 392.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ Fey, Henri-León (1858). Histoire d'Oran (in French). Oran: Adolphe Perrier. p. 314.
  21. ^ a b Paris, R. (23 September 1838). "Notice sur le Général de Damrémont". Journal des sciences militaires (in French). 2 (69): 311.
  22. ^ Capefigue, Jean Baptiste Honoré Raymond (1846). L'Europe depuis l'avénement du roi Louis-Philippe (in French). Vol. 13. Brussels: Meline, Cans et Compagnie. p. 212.
  23. ^ Jolibois, Émile (1858). "Damrémont (Charles-Marie Denys, comte de)". La Haute-Marne ancienne et moderne (in French). Chaumont: Miot-Dadant. p. 179.
  24. ^ a b Galisset, Charles Michel (1843). Corps du Droit Français (in French). Vol. 6. Paris: Blanchet. p. 331.
  25. ^ Piesse, Louis (1882). Itinéraire de l'Algérie, de la Tunisie et de Tanger (in French). Paris: Hachette. p. 133.
  26. ^ Picard, Louis August (1887). Leçons d'histoire & de géographie militaires (in French). Vol. 3. Saumur: S. Milon. p. 179.
  27. ^ Perret, E. (1886). Les français en Algérie: Récits Algériens (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Bloud et Barral. p. 479.
  28. ^ L'univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples (in French). Paris: Firmin Didot. 1857. p. 292.
  29. ^ Pellissier de Reynaud, Henri Jean F. Edmond (1854). Annales algériennes (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Dumaine. p. 235.
  30. ^ d'Orléans, Ferdinand-Philippe (1870). Campagnes de l'armée d'Afrique, 1835-1839. Paris: Michel Levy. p. 270.
  31. ^ a b Quesnoy, Ferdinand Désiré (1888). L'armée d'Afrique depuis la conquête d'Alger (in French). Paris: Jouvet. p. 116.
  32. ^ d'Orléans 1870, p. 268.
  33. ^ Revue contemporaine (in French). Vol. 63. Paris. 1862. p. 530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  34. ^ Schuster, Georg H., ed. (1842). Correspondance militaire (in French). Vienna: P. Rohrmann. p. 132.
  35. ^ Trumelet, Corneille (1887). Bou-Farik (in French). Algiers: Adolphe Jourdan. p. 132.
  36. ^ a b d'Orléans 1870, p. 271.
  37. ^ Vilbert, J. (1 January 1866). "La Kabylie et les Kabyles". Revue française (in French). 13 (63). Paris: 92.
  38. ^ de Fallon, C. T. (1869). Bou-Farik et son Marché (in French). Blida: A. Mauguin. p. 88.
  39. ^ d'Orléans 1870, p. 272.
  40. ^ Vilbort, Joseph (1875). En Kabylie: voyage d'une parisienne au Djurjura (in French). Paris: Charpentier. p. 29.
  41. ^ a b Berbrugger, Adrien (1857). Les époques militaires de la Grande Kabilie (in French). Algiers: Bastide. p. 13.
  42. ^ "Kabiles". Compleḿent de l'Encycloped́ie moderne (in French). Vol. 7. Paris: Firmin Didot. 1863. p. 375.
  43. ^ Rozey, A. G. (1840). Cris de conscience de l'Algérie (in French). Paris: Voizel. p. 342.
  44. ^ d'Orléans 1870, p. 270.
  45. ^ Wagner, Moritz (1855). The Tricolor on the Atlas; or, Algeria and the French Conquest. Translated by Pulszky, Francis. New York: Nelson & Sons. p. 288.
  46. ^ Devoisins, V. (1840). Expéditions de Constantine (in French). Paris: Rorert. p. 77.
  47. ^ a b Ducoudray, Gustave (1892). Histoire contemporaine (1789-1889) (in French). Paris: Hachette. p. 577.
  48. ^ Mullié, C. (1858). Fastes de la France (in French). Vol. 4. Paris: Bertin. p. 120.
  49. ^ Duvergier, J. B. (1839). Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'État (in French). Vol. 38. Paris: Bosquet. p. 31.
  50. ^ Recueil de documens sur l'expédition et la prise de Constantine (in French). Paris: Corréard. 1838. p. 15.
  51. ^ Gérard 1862, p. 244.
  52. ^ Tencé, Ulysse (1838). Annuaire historique universel pour 1837 (in French). Paris: Thoisnier-Desplaces. p. 247.
  53. ^ "Cirta-Constantine". Revue africaine. 15. Algiers: Bastide: 13. 1871.
  54. ^ Watbled, Ernest (1877). Souvenirs de l'armée d'Afrique (in French). Paris: Challamel Ainé. p. 156.
  55. ^ Sarrut, Germain; Bourg, Edme-Théodore (1836). "Denys de Damrémont (lieutenant-général)". Biographie des hommes du jour (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Krabe. pp. 42–43.
  56. ^ Borel d'Hauterive, André F. (1847). Annuaire de la pairie et de la noblesse de France (in French). Vol. 5. Paris: Dentu. p. 272.
  57. ^ a b Procés-verbaux de la chambre des députés (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: A. Henry. 1838. pp. 23, 807.
  58. ^ Bulletin des lois. Partie supplémentaire (in French). Vol. 87. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 1893. p. 23.
  59. ^ Recueil critique de jurisprudence et de législation (in French). Paris. 1838. p. 57.

Sources[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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