Lonicera sempervirens: Difference between revisions
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|status_system = TNC |
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|status_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148257/Lonicera_sempervirens|title=''Lonicera sempervirens''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|author=NatureServe|publisher=NatureServe|date=5 January 2024|location=Arlington, Virginia|access-date=7 January 2024}}</ref> |
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|genus = Lonicera |
|genus = Lonicera |
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|species = sempervirens |
|species = sempervirens |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Lonicera sempervirens'' is best recognized by trumpet-shaped and coral to reddish flowers. The leaves and stems are waxy, a common trait in the [[ |
''Lonicera sempervirens'' is best recognized by trumpet-shaped and coral to reddish flowers. The leaves and stems are waxy, a common trait in the [[honeysuckle]] genus.{{cn|date=April 2023}} It is a twining [[vine]] growing to 20 ft or more through shrubs and young trees. The leaves are produced in opposite pairs, oval, up to 5 cm long and 4 cm broad; the leaves immediately below the flowers are [[perfoliate]], joined at the base in a complete ring round the shoot. When born, their flowers are whorled on the end.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Featured Native Plant: Trumpet Honeysuckle {{!}} Urban Forest Initiative|url=https://ufi.ca.uky.edu/treetalk/nativeplant-trumpet_honeysuckle#:~:text=Trumpet%20honeysuckle%20(Lonicera%20sempervirens),,white-lined%20sphinx%20moth).|access-date=2020-11-03|website=ufi.ca.uky.edu}}</ref> They are present with red berries on them that are less than 1 cm width and length.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Lonicera sempervirens|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/lonicera-sempervirens/|access-date=2017-06-30|website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu|language=en}}</ref> The berries are inedible and grow from summer to fall.<ref name=":0" /> Their leaves are somewhat evergreen.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Radford, Albert E.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/355003|title=Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas|date=1968|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|others=Ahles, Harry E., Bell, C. Ritchie.|isbn=0-8078-1087-8|location=Chapel Hill|oclc=355003}}</ref> The species is also flammable, which leads to it not being recommended for being planted close to residences.<ref name=":0" /> The flowers are produced on new growth in clusters of several groups of three together, tubular, 5 cm long, with five small lobes opening at the tip to expose the stamens and stigma. The bark is green and fuzzy when younger but becomes a light brown as it ages.<ref name=":0" /> The older stems get more of a red-orange color.<ref name=":2" /> |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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''Lonicera sempervirens'' is most common in eastern |
''Lonicera sempervirens'' is most common in eastern North America, but has occurred as far west as Texas.<ref name="usda" /> It is found prominently in the southeastern United States.<ref name="usda" /> It is listed as endangered in Maine, the only state in which it has any legal status.<ref name="usda" /> Although introduced in parts of New England, populations of ''L. sempervirens'' have been found that seem to be growing natively in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Lonicera sempervirens (trumpet honeysuckle): Go Botany|url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/lonicera/sempervirens/#:~:text=Lonicera%20sempervirens%20L.&text=Trumpet%20honeysuckle%20gets%20its%20common,and%20long-tongued%20insect%20pollinators.|access-date=2020-11-03|website=gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org}}</ref> It is considered extremely rare in Rhode Island.<ref name=":4" /> ''Lonicera sempervirens'' is most common in coastal habitats.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Taxonomy == |
==Taxonomy == |
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==Uses== |
==Uses== |
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''Lonicera sempervirens'' is often used as an alternative to the invasive ''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' across the east coast of [[North America]].<ref name="usda" /> It is popular to grow in gardens or recreational areas as it is considered low maintenance.<ref name=":0" /> It is also used to attract hummingbirds and butterflies for pollinator gardens.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Plant Database|url=http://hort.uconn.edu/detail.php?pid=265|access-date=2020-11-02|website=hort.uconn.edu}}</ref> |
''Lonicera sempervirens'' is often used as an alternative to the invasive ''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' across the east coast of [[North America]].<ref name="usda" /> It is popular to grow in gardens or recreational areas as it is considered low maintenance.<ref name=":0" /> It is also used to attract hummingbirds and butterflies for pollinator gardens.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Plant Database|url=http://hort.uconn.edu/detail.php?pid=265|access-date=2020-11-02|website=hort.uconn.edu}}</ref> The species is mainly used ornamentally on fences or lattices, and for the attractive red color of its flowers.<ref name=":5" /> It can be propagated by either stem cutting or by seed,<ref name=":0" /> and has been used to treat asthma and bee stings in Native American traditions.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Wildflower of the Year 2014 Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)|url=https://vnps.org/wildflowers-of-the-year/wildflower-year-2014-coral-honeysuckle-lonicera-sempervirens/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Virginia Native Plant Society|language=en-US}}</ref> There are a few different cultivars including: 'Magnifica' which blooms later and is more floriferous, 'Sulphurea' with sulfur-yellow flowers, and 'Superba' - another floriferous selection with bright red flowers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flint |first=Harrison L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1_fAywb_bkC&pg=PA347 |title=Landscape Plants for Eastern North America: Exclusive of Florida and the Immediate Gulf Coast |date=1997-04-09 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-59919-7 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ''Lonicera sempervirens'' can grow in many areas due to its cold hardiness,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gilman|first=Edward F.|date=2015-08-14|title=Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle|url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fp354|access-date=2017-06-30|website=edis.ifas.ufl.edu|language=en}}</ref> being winter hardy in USDA zones 5-9.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kellum |first=Jo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBJIq3qSJd8C&pg=PA136 |title=Southern Sun: A Plant Selection Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-934110-45-4 |language=en}}</ref> It prefers sunny and moist areas but is also drought resistant.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=trumpet honeysuckle: Lonicera sempervirens (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States|url=https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=13047|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.invasiveplantatlas.org}}</ref> Coral honeysuckle can live in [[clay]] or [[loam]] soils that have good drainage, and it prefers acidic soil with a [[pH]] of 6.<ref name=":0" /> It can grow in full sun or in fully shaded areas,<ref name=":5" /> and [[deer]] prefer not to browse on it and it tolerates growing around [[walnut]]s.<ref name=":6" /> |
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==Habitat== |
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| ⚫ | ''Lonicera sempervirens'' can grow in many areas due to its cold hardiness |
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==Wildlife |
==Wildlife uses== |
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''Lonicera sempervirens'' is used by many animals for food, most commonly used for nectar by butterflies and hummingbirds. It attracts bees, hummingbirds, moths, and even songbirds.<ref name=":0" /> Birds such as [[quail]], [[purple finch]], and [[American robin]] eat the red berries.<ref name=":6" /> Ruby-throated hummingbirds and insects pollinate the bright red to pinkish-red flowers from mid-spring to fall.<ref name="mp2">{{Missouri Plants|color=Red|leaf=opp|genus=Lonicera|species=sempervirens}}</ref><ref name="or2">Operation Rubythroat "Top Ten" Native Hummingbird Plants: [http://www.rubythroat.org/HoneysuckleTrumpetMain.html ''Lonicera sempervirens'']</ref> It hosts the caterpillars of [[Celastrina ladon|spring azures]] and [[Hemaris diffinis|snowberry clearwing moths]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lonicera Sempervirens|url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LOSE|accessdate=26 April 2020|website=wildflower.org|publisher=Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center}}</ref> ''Lonicera sempervirens'' is used moderately for animal cover and has a relatively low nutritional value.<ref name="usda" /> |
''Lonicera sempervirens'' is used by many animals for food, most commonly used for nectar by butterflies and hummingbirds. It attracts bees, hummingbirds, moths, and even songbirds.<ref name=":0" /> Birds such as [[quail]], [[purple finch]], and [[American robin]] eat the red berries.<ref name=":6" /> Ruby-throated hummingbirds and insects pollinate the bright red to pinkish-red flowers from mid-spring to fall.<ref name="mp2">{{Missouri Plants|color=Red|leaf=opp|genus=Lonicera|species=sempervirens}}</ref><ref name="or2">Operation Rubythroat "Top Ten" Native Hummingbird Plants: [http://www.rubythroat.org/HoneysuckleTrumpetMain.html ''Lonicera sempervirens'']</ref> It hosts the caterpillars of [[Celastrina ladon|spring azures]] and [[Hemaris diffinis|snowberry clearwing moths]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lonicera Sempervirens|url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LOSE|accessdate=26 April 2020|website=wildflower.org|publisher=Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center}}</ref> ''Lonicera sempervirens'' is used moderately for animal cover and has a relatively low nutritional value.<ref name="usda" /> |
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Latest revision as of 06:50, 9 January 2024
| Lonicera sempervirens | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Dipsacales |
| Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
| Genus: | Lonicera |
| Species: | L. sempervirens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lonicera sempervirens | |
Lonicera sempervirens (commonly known as coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or scarlet honeysuckle) is a flowering plant species of honeysuckle vine native to the eastern United States which is known for its reddish flowers.[2][3]
Description[edit]
Lonicera sempervirens is best recognized by trumpet-shaped and coral to reddish flowers. The leaves and stems are waxy, a common trait in the honeysuckle genus.[citation needed] It is a twining vine growing to 20 ft or more through shrubs and young trees. The leaves are produced in opposite pairs, oval, up to 5 cm long and 4 cm broad; the leaves immediately below the flowers are perfoliate, joined at the base in a complete ring round the shoot. When born, their flowers are whorled on the end.[4] They are present with red berries on them that are less than 1 cm width and length.[5] The berries are inedible and grow from summer to fall.[5] Their leaves are somewhat evergreen.[6] The species is also flammable, which leads to it not being recommended for being planted close to residences.[5] The flowers are produced on new growth in clusters of several groups of three together, tubular, 5 cm long, with five small lobes opening at the tip to expose the stamens and stigma. The bark is green and fuzzy when younger but becomes a light brown as it ages.[5] The older stems get more of a red-orange color.[4]
Distribution[edit]
Lonicera sempervirens is most common in eastern North America, but has occurred as far west as Texas.[2] It is found prominently in the southeastern United States.[2] It is listed as endangered in Maine, the only state in which it has any legal status.[2] Although introduced in parts of New England, populations of L. sempervirens have been found that seem to be growing natively in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.[7] It is considered extremely rare in Rhode Island.[7] Lonicera sempervirens is most common in coastal habitats.[5]
Taxonomy[edit]
Lonicera sempervirens was first described by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his treatise Species Plantarum in 1753. Varieties of L. sempervirens are Lonicera sempervirens L. var. hirsutula Rehder, Lonicera sempervirens L. var. minor Aiton, and Lonicera sempervirens L. var. sempervirens. Phenianthus sempervirens (L.) Raf is a synonym.[2] Hybrids of the species include Lonicera × tellmanniana and Lonicera × heckrottii.[8][9]
Uses[edit]
Lonicera sempervirens is often used as an alternative to the invasive Lonicera japonica across the east coast of North America.[2] It is popular to grow in gardens or recreational areas as it is considered low maintenance.[5] It is also used to attract hummingbirds and butterflies for pollinator gardens.[5][10] The species is mainly used ornamentally on fences or lattices, and for the attractive red color of its flowers.[10] It can be propagated by either stem cutting or by seed,[5] and has been used to treat asthma and bee stings in Native American traditions.[10][11] There are a few different cultivars including: 'Magnifica' which blooms later and is more floriferous, 'Sulphurea' with sulfur-yellow flowers, and 'Superba' - another floriferous selection with bright red flowers.[12]
Lonicera sempervirens can grow in many areas due to its cold hardiness,[13] being winter hardy in USDA zones 5-9.[14] It prefers sunny and moist areas but is also drought resistant.[15] Coral honeysuckle can live in clay or loam soils that have good drainage, and it prefers acidic soil with a pH of 6.[5] It can grow in full sun or in fully shaded areas,[10] and deer prefer not to browse on it and it tolerates growing around walnuts.[11]
Wildlife uses[edit]
Lonicera sempervirens is used by many animals for food, most commonly used for nectar by butterflies and hummingbirds. It attracts bees, hummingbirds, moths, and even songbirds.[5] Birds such as quail, purple finch, and American robin eat the red berries.[11] Ruby-throated hummingbirds and insects pollinate the bright red to pinkish-red flowers from mid-spring to fall.[16][17] It hosts the caterpillars of spring azures and snowberry clearwing moths.[18] Lonicera sempervirens is used moderately for animal cover and has a relatively low nutritional value.[2]
Gallery[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lonicera sempervirens.
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Ruby-throated hummingbird feeding -
Flower buds -
Leaves and appearance after blooms detach -
Close-up of blooms -
Pinkish-red flowers with yellow insides
_RWD4.jpg)
References[edit]
- ^ NatureServe (5 January 2024). "Lonicera sempervirens". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Lonicera sempervirens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
- ^ "Lonicera sempervirens". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ a b "Featured Native Plant: Trumpet Honeysuckle | Urban Forest Initiative". ufi.ca.uky.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Lonicera sempervirens". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ Radford, Albert E. (1968). Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Ahles, Harry E., Bell, C. Ritchie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1087-8. OCLC 355003.
- ^ a b "Lonicera sempervirens (trumpet honeysuckle): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ^ "Lonicera sempervirens | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ^ "Lonicera sempervirens L. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ^ a b c d "Plant Database". hort.uconn.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
- ^ a b c "Wildflower of the Year 2014 Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)". Virginia Native Plant Society. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
- ^ Flint, Harrison L. (1997-04-09). Landscape Plants for Eastern North America: Exclusive of Florida and the Immediate Gulf Coast. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-59919-7.
- ^ Gilman, Edward F. (2015-08-14). "Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ Kellum, Jo (2008). Southern Sun: A Plant Selection Guide. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-934110-45-4.
- ^ "trumpet honeysuckle: Lonicera sempervirens (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States". www.invasiveplantatlas.org. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
- ^ Tenaglia, Dan. "Lonicera sempervirens page". Missouri Plants. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ Operation Rubythroat "Top Ten" Native Hummingbird Plants: Lonicera sempervirens
- ^ "Lonicera Sempervirens". wildflower.org. Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
