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{{short description|American screenwriter}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= Harry H. Caldwell
|name= H.H. Caldwell
|birth_name= Harry Handly Caldwell
|birth_date= {{birth date|1873|2|5}}
|birth_date= {{birth date|1873|2|5}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1939|4|27|1873|2|5}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1939|4|27|1873|2|5}}
|birth_place= [[St. Louis, Missouri]]
|birth_place= [[St. Louis, Missouri]], US
|death_place= [[Brooklyn]], New York
|death_place= [[New York City]], US
|placeofburial= [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
|placeofburial= [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|image=Harry H. Caldwell.png
|image=Harry H. Caldwell.png
|signature=
|signature=
|caption=Harry H. Caldwell, 1901
|caption=Caldwell in 1901
|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance=United States
|allegiance=United States
Line 24: Line 27:
|laterwork= Writer, Editor in [[Motion Picture Industry]]
|laterwork= Writer, Editor in [[Motion Picture Industry]]
}}
}}

{{Portal|Biography|World War I|United States Navy}}


'''Harry Handly Caldwell''' (February 5, 1873 – April 27, 1939) was America's first [[submarine]] [[Sea captain|captain]]. He became the first naval submarine commanding officer, of any nation, when he assumed command of {{USS|Holland|SS-1}} on October 12, 1900.<ref name=CNO>{{cite web|last1=Submarine Warfare Division|title=Submarine Pioneers |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers3.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612145717/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers3.html |archivedate=June 12, 2015 |publisher=Chief of Naval Operations |accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Obit/>
'''Harry Handly Caldwell''' (February 5, 1873 – April 27, 1939) was America's first [[submarine]] [[Sea captain|captain]]. He became the first naval submarine commanding officer, of any nation, when he assumed command of {{USS|Holland|SS-1}} on October 12, 1900.<ref name=CNO>{{cite web|last1=Submarine Warfare Division|title=Submarine Pioneers |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers3.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612145717/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers3.html |archivedate=June 12, 2015 |publisher=Chief of Naval Operations |accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Obit/>


==Early life and naval academy==
⚫
==Biography==
Harry Handly Caldwell was born in [[St. Louis, Missouri]] in on February 5, 1873. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from [[Quincy, Illinois]] in 1887 and graduated in 1891.<ref name=CNO/><ref name=Obit/><ref name=Reserve/><ref>{{cite book|title=Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps|date=1909|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1tUAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=LOC>{{cite web|title=Caldwell, H. H.|url=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85199234.html|website=Library of Congress Name Authority File|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>
Harry Handly Caldwell was born in [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] in on February 5, 1873. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from [[Quincy, Illinois]] in 1887 and graduated in 1891.<ref name=CNO/><ref name=Obit/><ref name=Reserve/><ref>{{cite book|title=Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps|date=1909|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1tUAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=LOC>{{cite web|title=Caldwell, H. H.|url=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85199234.html|website=Library of Congress Name Authority File|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>

==Naval career==


Following graduation, during his mandatory two-year midshipman deployment, he served aboard the {{USS|Concord|PG-3|6}}.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=April 15, 1893|page=563|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf8-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> After promotion to [[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]], he saw service on the {{USS|Monadnock|BM-3|6}},<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=May 9, 1896|page=656|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPI-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> and {{USS|Michigan|1843|6}}.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=November 18, 1896|page=656|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tv4-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> Other sea duty assignments involved protecting missionaries during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name=Obit/>
Following graduation, during his mandatory two-year midshipman deployment, he served aboard the {{USS|Concord|PG-3|6}}.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=April 15, 1893|page=563|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf8-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> After promotion to [[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]], he saw service on the {{USS|Monadnock|BM-3|6}},<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=May 9, 1896|page=656|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPI-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> and {{USS|Michigan|1843|6}}.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Navy Gazette|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=November 18, 1896|page=656|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tv4-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> Other sea duty assignments involved protecting missionaries during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name=Obit/>

'''Spanish-American War'''


Prior to the [[Spanish–American War]], Caldwell was serving on board the cruiser {{USS|Olympia|C-6|2}} as flag secretary to Admiral [[George Dewey]]. As war with Spain grew imminent, Dewey moved the fleet from Hong Kong to [[Mirs Bay]]. Ensign Caldwell remained behind, awaiting official word of war from the United States. When he received the declaration, Caldwell made a daring journey through hostile and undeveloped parts of China, by open boat and on horseback, to deliver the news to Dewey. During the [[Battle of Manila Bay]], Caldwell took charge of dispatches and commanded a [[USS Olympia (C-6)#Characteristics|secondary battery]] aboard the ''Olympia'', which made him eligible for the [[Dewey Medal|Manila Bay Medal]]. He was cited for his bravery and advanced in rank. Upon his return home to Quincy, its citizens presented him with a silver [[loving cup]], an imitation of the gold one presented to Dewey in New York.<ref name=Obit/><ref name=LOC/><ref>{{cite web|title=Manila Bay Medal recipients, USS Olympia|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/service-medals-and-campaign-credits/dewey-medal/dewey-medal-uss-olympia.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Interesting News Items|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87075213/1899-10-17/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Marietta Daily Leader|date=October 17, 1899|location=Marietta, Ohio|page=1}}</ref>
Prior to the [[Spanish–American War]], Caldwell was serving on board the cruiser {{USS|Olympia|C-6|2}} as flag secretary to Admiral [[George Dewey]]. As war with Spain grew imminent, Dewey moved the fleet from Hong Kong to [[Mirs Bay]]. Ensign Caldwell remained behind, awaiting official word of war from the United States. When he received the declaration, Caldwell made a daring journey through hostile and undeveloped parts of China, by open boat and on horseback, to deliver the news to Dewey. During the [[Battle of Manila Bay]], Caldwell took charge of dispatches and commanded a [[USS Olympia (C-6)#Characteristics|secondary battery]] aboard the ''Olympia'', which made him eligible for the [[Dewey Medal|Manila Bay Medal]]. He was cited for his bravery and advanced in rank. Upon his return home to Quincy, its citizens presented him with a silver [[loving cup]], an imitation of the gold one presented to Dewey in New York.<ref name=Obit/><ref name=LOC/><ref>{{cite web|title=Manila Bay Medal recipients, USS Olympia|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/service-medals-and-campaign-credits/dewey-medal/dewey-medal-uss-olympia.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Interesting News Items|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87075213/1899-10-17/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Marietta Daily Leader|date=October 17, 1899|location=Marietta, Ohio|page=1}}</ref>


After the war, Caldwell remained with Dewey as his [[Aide-de-camp|aide]] and secretary.<ref>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1900|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-jc3TVTHiYC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Lieutenant (junior grade)]] on March 3, 1899.<ref>{{cite book|title=Register of the Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States|date=1900|publisher=National Commandary|location=New York|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-otQAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> On November 9, 1899, he was best man at Admiral Dewey's wedding to Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen.<ref name=Obit>{{cite news|title=Caldwell Dies; Was Aide to Dewey|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%205/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201939%20Grayscale/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201939%20Grayscale%20-%203573.pdf|accessdate=June 3, 2015|work=Brooklyn Eagle|date=April 28, 1939|location=Brooklyn, NY|page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Admiral Dewey Married|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FA0915FD3A5416738DDDA90994D9415B8985F0D3|accessdate=August 4, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=November 10, 1899}}</ref>
After the war, Caldwell remained with Dewey as his [[Aide-de-camp|aide]] and secretary.<ref>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1900|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=[https://archive.org/details/registercommiss02deptgoog/page/n169 157]|url=https://archive.org/details/registercommiss02deptgoog|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Lieutenant (junior grade)]] on March 3, 1899.<ref>{{cite book|title=Register of the Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States|date=1900|publisher=National Commandery|location=New York|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-otQAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> On November 9, 1899, he was best man at Admiral Dewey's wedding to Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen.<ref name=Obit>{{cite news|title=Caldwell Dies; Was Aide to Dewey|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%205/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201939%20Grayscale/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201939%20Grayscale%20-%203573.pdf|accessdate=June 3, 2015|work=Brooklyn Eagle|date=April 28, 1939|location=Brooklyn, NY|page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Admiral Dewey Married|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/11/10/105973369.pdf|accessdate=August 4, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=November 10, 1899}}</ref>

'''USS Holland'''

⚫
In March 1900, Admiral Dewey was invited to ride aboard the ''Holland'' when it was undergoing exhibition on the [[Potomac River]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Exhibition of the Holland|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-03-14/ed-1/seq-8/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Evening Star|date=March 14, 1900|location=Washington, DC|page=8}}</ref> When the Admiral politely declined, Caldwell was offered the opportunity and accepted. Caldwell was highly impressed by the new craft and requested to serve aboard her when she became a commissioned warship.<ref name=CNO/> Caldwell commanded ''Holland'' during its [[Sea trial|pre commissioning trials]] off [[Newport, Rhode Island]] in August to September 1900. During the trials, Caldwell closed to within torpedo range of the {{USS|Kearsarge|BB-5|6}}, flagship of the U.S. Navy's [[North Atlantic Squadron]], without being detected.<ref name=CNO/><ref>{{cite news|title=Torpedo Boats Claim Victory|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-09-26/ed-1/seq-5/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Evening Star|date=September 26, 1900|location=Washington, DC|page=5}}</ref> While in command, he also trained crews to man submarines under construction for the Navy by the [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat Company]].<ref name=Obit/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Holland Off for Annapolis|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1900-10-20/ed-1/seq-6/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=New-York Tribune|date=October 20, 1900|location=New York, NY|page=6}}</ref>

⚫
Following his submarine experience, he served on the {{USS|Maine|BB-10|6}}.<ref name=1903Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1903|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=[https://archive.org/details/registercommiss14deptgoog/page/n163 165]|url=https://archive.org/details/registercommiss14deptgoog|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> Next he conducted inspection duty at the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia]] and Camden Shipyards,<ref name=1906Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1906|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_64-2aA9c9aYC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|207}} overseeing construction at [[William Cramp & Sons|Cramp's]] and [[Neafie & Levy]]'s shipyards.<ref name=1906Register/>{{rp|211}} This was followed by service as [[Navigator#In naval occupations|navigator]] aboard the {{USS|Milwaukee|C-21|6}}.<ref name=1908Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1908|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_64-2aA9c9aYC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|205}} He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 January 1906.


'''Court martial'''
⚫
In March 1900, Admiral Dewey was invited to ride aboard the ''Holland'' when it was undergoing exhibition on the [[Potomac River]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Exhibition of the Holland|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-03-14/ed-1/seq-8/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Evening Star|date=March 14, 1900|location=Washington, DC|page=8}}</ref> When the Admiral politely declined, Caldwell was offered the opportunity and accepted. Caldwell was highly impressed by the new craft and requested to serve aboard her when she became a commissioned warship.<ref name=CNO/> Caldwell commanded ''Holland'' during its [[sea trials|pre commissioning trials]] off [[Newport, Rhode Island]] in August to September 1900. During the trials, Caldwell closed to within torpedo range of the {{USS|Kearsarge|BB-5|6}}, flagship of the U.S. Navy's [[North Atlantic Squadron]], without being detected.<ref name=CNO/><ref>{{cite news|title=Torpedo Boats Claim Victory|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1900-09-26/ed-1/seq-5/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=Evening Star|date=September 26, 1900|location=Washington, DC|page=5}}</ref> While in command, he also trained crews to man submarines under construction for the Navy by the [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat Company]].<ref name=Obit/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Holland Off for Annapolis|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1900-10-20/ed-1/seq-6/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=New-York Tribune|date=October 20, 1900|location=New York, NY|page=6}}</ref>


⚫
In May 1909, he was found guilty by [[Court-martial|court martial]] of "conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline" due to overindulgence in alcohol.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sentence is Approved|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1909-05-04/ed-1/seq-11/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|date=May 4, 1909|location=Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands|page=11}}</ref> One month later, on June 15, 1909, he retired after almost 22 years in uniform.<ref name="1918 Register"/> After his retirement, he entered the [[Film industry|motion picture industry]]. In 1916, he became the vice president of the C. L. Chester Company, producing [[Travel documentary|travel documentaries]].<ref name=Obit/>
⚫
Following his submarine experience, he served on the {{USS|Maine|BB-10|6}}.<ref name=1903Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1903|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0M1eMpPtLgcC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> Next he conducted inspection duty at the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia]] and Camden Shipyards,<ref name=1906Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1906|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64-2aA9c9aYC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|207}} overseeing construction at [[William Cramp & Sons|Cramp's]] and [[Neafie & Levy]]'s shipyards.<ref name=1906Register/>{{rp|211}} This was followed by service as [[Navigator#In naval occupations|navigator]] aboard the {{USS|Milwaukee|C-21|6}}.<ref name=1908Register>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty|date=1908|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64-2aA9c9aYC|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|205}}


'''Return to duty'''
⚫
In May 1909, he was found guilty by [[court martial]] of "conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline" due to overindulgence in alcohol.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sentence is Approved|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1909-05-04/ed-1/seq-11/|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|date=May 4, 1909|location=Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands|page=11}}</ref> One month later, on June 15, 1909, he retired after almost 22 years in uniform.<ref name="1918 Register"/> After his retirement, he entered the [[motion picture industry]]. In 1916, he became the vice president of the C. L. Chester Company, producing [[Travel documentary|travel documentaries]].<ref name=Obit/>


On May 10, 1917, at the beginning of [[World War I]], he returned to duty in the [[United States Navy Reserve|Fleet Naval Reserve]].<ref name="1918 Register">{{cite book|title=Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps|date=1918|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=298|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OswcAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> He commanded the {{USS|Amphitrite|BM-2|2}}, the guard ship of New York Harbor.<ref name=LOC/> He was in charge of the submarine net protecting New York harbor, and all entering vessels had to report to him.<ref name=Obit/> He was promoted to [[Commander (United States)|commander]] on November 14, 1919.<ref name=Reserve>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Naval Reserve Force|date=1921|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CQlAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>
On May 10, 1917, at the beginning of [[World War I]], he returned to duty in the [[United States Navy Reserve|Fleet Naval Reserve]].<ref name="1918 Register">{{cite book|title=Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps|date=1918|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=298|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OswcAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> He commanded the {{USS|Amphitrite|BM-2|2}}, the guard ship of New York Harbor.<ref name=LOC/> He was in charge of the submarine net protecting New York harbor, and all entering vessels had to report to him.<ref name=Obit/> He was promoted to [[Commander (United States)|commander]] on November 14, 1919.<ref name=Reserve>{{cite book|title=Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Naval Reserve Force|date=1921|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CQlAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>


==Post-naval career==
After the war, he resumed his position at the C. L. Chester Pictures Corporation where he met and, in 1921, married Katharine Hilliker (née Clark). Together they collaborated to write plays and movie scenarios for leading companies like [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], [[United Artists]], and [[Fox Film|Fox]]. They also worked as production editors on many well-known [[Silent film|silent]] and [[Sound film|talking]] pictures, including ''[[Ben-Hur (1925 film)|Ben Hur]]'' and ''[[7th Heaven (1927 film)|7th Heaven]]''. They were the parents of [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Harry H. Caldwell, Jr. (1922–2008), whose early career was also as a submarine officer in the U.S. Navy.<ref name=Obit/><ref name=LOC/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hatch|first1=Kristen|title=Katharine Hilliker|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-katharine-hilliker/|website=Women Film Pioneers Project|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|accessdate=June 4, 2015|location=New York, NY|date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>
After the war, he resumed his position at the C. L. Chester Pictures Corporation where he met and, in 1921, married [[Katherine Hilliker]] (née Clark). Together they collaborated to write plays and movie scenarios for leading companies like [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], [[United Artists]], and [[Fox Film|Fox]]. They also worked as production editors on many well-known [[Silent film|silent]] and [[Sound film|talking]] pictures, including ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben Hur]]'' and ''[[7th Heaven (1927 film)|7th Heaven]]''. They were the parents of [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Harry H. Caldwell Jr. (1922–2008), whose early career was also as a submarine officer in the U.S. Navy.<ref name=Obit/><ref name=LOC/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hatch|first1=Kristen|title=Katharine Hilliker|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-katharine-hilliker/|website=Women Film Pioneers Project|publisher=Columbia University Libraries|accessdate=June 4, 2015|location=New York, NY|date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>


==Death==
Caldwell died in the Brooklyn Naval Hospital on April 27, 1939<ref name=Obit/> and is buried with his wife in [[Arlington National Cemetery]].
Caldwell died in the Brooklyn Naval Hospital on April 27, 1939<ref name=Obit/> and is buried with his wife in [[Arlington National Cemetery]].


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{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
* ''[[The Right of the Strongest (film)|The Right of the Strongest]]'' (1924)
* ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]'' (1925)
* ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]'' (1925)
* ''[[The Prairie Wife]]'' (1925)
* ''[[The Prairie Wife]]'' (1925)
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{Reflist|3}}


==Attribution==
==Attribution==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
* {{Find a Grave|49162573}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0129721}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0129721}}
* {{cite web|last1=Hamilton|first1=Robert A.|title=Son of Sub Pioneer Recalls Father's Place in History|url=http://www.theday.com/article/20000410/DAYARC/304109982/|publisher=The Day Publishing Company|date=April 10, 2000|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=The New London Day}}
* {{cite web|last1=Hamilton|first1=Robert A.|title=Son of Sub Pioneer Recalls Father's Place in History|url=http://www.theday.com/article/20000410/DAYARC/304109982/|publisher=The Day Publishing Company|date=April 10, 2000|accessdate=June 4, 2015|work=The New London Day}}


⚫
{{Portal|Biography}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography|portal2= Film}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Caldwell, Harry H.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caldwell, Harry H.}}
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[[Category:Military personnel from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Military personnel from St. Louis]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Missouri]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:Women film pioneers]]

Latest revision as of 08:03, 12 February 2024

H.H. Caldwell
Caldwell in 1901
Birth nameHarry Handly Caldwell
Born(1873-02-05)February 5, 1873
St. Louis, Missouri, US
DiedApril 27, 1939(1939-04-27) (aged 66)
New York City, US
Place of burial
Arlington National Cemetery
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Navy
Years of service1887–1909
1917–1919
RankCommander
Battles/warsSpanish–American War

World War I

AwardsSpanish Campaign Medal
Dewey Medal
Other workWriter, Editor in Motion Picture Industry

Harry Handly Caldwell (February 5, 1873 – April 27, 1939) was America's first submarine captain. He became the first naval submarine commanding officer, of any nation, when he assumed command of USS Holland (SS-1) on October 12, 1900.[1][2]

Early life and naval academy[edit]

Harry Handly Caldwell was born in St. Louis, Missouri in on February 5, 1873. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Quincy, Illinois in 1887 and graduated in 1891.[1][2][3][4][5]

Naval career[edit]

Following graduation, during his mandatory two-year midshipman deployment, he served aboard the USS Concord.[6] After promotion to Ensign, he saw service on the USS Monadnock,[7] and USS Michigan.[8] Other sea duty assignments involved protecting missionaries during the First Sino-Japanese War.[2]

Spanish-American War

Prior to the Spanish–American War, Caldwell was serving on board the cruiser Olympia as flag secretary to Admiral George Dewey. As war with Spain grew imminent, Dewey moved the fleet from Hong Kong to Mirs Bay. Ensign Caldwell remained behind, awaiting official word of war from the United States. When he received the declaration, Caldwell made a daring journey through hostile and undeveloped parts of China, by open boat and on horseback, to deliver the news to Dewey. During the Battle of Manila Bay, Caldwell took charge of dispatches and commanded a secondary battery aboard the Olympia, which made him eligible for the Manila Bay Medal. He was cited for his bravery and advanced in rank. Upon his return home to Quincy, its citizens presented him with a silver loving cup, an imitation of the gold one presented to Dewey in New York.[2][5][9][10]

After the war, Caldwell remained with Dewey as his aide and secretary.[11] He was promoted to Lieutenant (junior grade) on March 3, 1899.[12] On November 9, 1899, he was best man at Admiral Dewey's wedding to Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen.[2][13]

USS Holland

In March 1900, Admiral Dewey was invited to ride aboard the Holland when it was undergoing exhibition on the Potomac River.[14] When the Admiral politely declined, Caldwell was offered the opportunity and accepted. Caldwell was highly impressed by the new craft and requested to serve aboard her when she became a commissioned warship.[1] Caldwell commanded Holland during its pre commissioning trials off Newport, Rhode Island in August to September 1900. During the trials, Caldwell closed to within torpedo range of the USS Kearsarge, flagship of the U.S. Navy's North Atlantic Squadron, without being detected.[1][15] While in command, he also trained crews to man submarines under construction for the Navy by the Electric Boat Company.[2][16]

Following his submarine experience, he served on the USS Maine.[17] Next he conducted inspection duty at the Philadelphia and Camden Shipyards,[18]: 207  overseeing construction at Cramp's and Neafie & Levy's shipyards.[18]: 211  This was followed by service as navigator aboard the USS Milwaukee.[19]: 205  He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 January 1906.

Court martial

In May 1909, he was found guilty by court martial of "conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline" due to overindulgence in alcohol.[20] One month later, on June 15, 1909, he retired after almost 22 years in uniform.[21] After his retirement, he entered the motion picture industry. In 1916, he became the vice president of the C. L. Chester Company, producing travel documentaries.[2]

Return to duty

On May 10, 1917, at the beginning of World War I, he returned to duty in the Fleet Naval Reserve.[21] He commanded the Amphitrite, the guard ship of New York Harbor.[5] He was in charge of the submarine net protecting New York harbor, and all entering vessels had to report to him.[2] He was promoted to commander on November 14, 1919.[3]

Post-naval career[edit]

After the war, he resumed his position at the C. L. Chester Pictures Corporation where he met and, in 1921, married Katherine Hilliker (née Clark). Together they collaborated to write plays and movie scenarios for leading companies like Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists, and Fox. They also worked as production editors on many well-known silent and talking pictures, including Ben Hur and 7th Heaven. They were the parents of Captain Harry H. Caldwell Jr. (1922–2008), whose early career was also as a submarine officer in the U.S. Navy.[2][5][22]

Death[edit]

Caldwell died in the Brooklyn Naval Hospital on April 27, 1939[2] and is buried with his wife in Arlington National Cemetery.

Selected filmography[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Submarine Warfare Division. "Submarine Pioneers". Chief of Naval Operations. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Caldwell Dies; Was Aide to Dewey" (PDF). Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. April 28, 1939. p. 15. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  3. ^ a b Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Naval Reserve Force. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1921. p. 4. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  4. ^ Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1909. p. 196. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d "Caldwell, H. H." Library of Congress Name Authority File. Library of Congress. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  6. ^ "Navy Gazette". Army and Navy Journal: 563. April 15, 1893. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  7. ^ "Navy Gazette". Army and Navy Journal: 656. May 9, 1896. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  8. ^ "Navy Gazette". Army and Navy Journal: 656. November 18, 1896. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  9. ^ "Manila Bay Medal recipients, USS Olympia". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  10. ^ "Interesting News Items". Marietta Daily Leader. Marietta, Ohio. October 17, 1899. p. 1. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  11. ^ Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1900. p. 157. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  12. ^ Register of the Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States. New York: National Commandery. 1900. p. 123. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  13. ^ "Admiral Dewey Married" (PDF). New York Times. November 10, 1899. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  14. ^ "Exhibition of the Holland". Evening Star. Washington, DC. March 14, 1900. p. 8. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. ^ "Torpedo Boats Claim Victory". Evening Star. Washington, DC. September 26, 1900. p. 5. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  16. ^ "The Holland Off for Annapolis". New-York Tribune. New York, NY. October 20, 1900. p. 6. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ^ Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1903. p. 165. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  18. ^ a b Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1906. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  19. ^ Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1908. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  20. ^ "Sentence is Approved". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. May 4, 1909. p. 11. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  21. ^ a b Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1918. p. 298. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  22. ^ Hatch, Kristen (September 27, 2013). "Katharine Hilliker". Women Film Pioneers Project. New York, NY: Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved June 4, 2015.

Attribution[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Navy.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to H. H. Caldwell.


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