Buxus microphylla: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| name = ''Buxus microphylla''
| image = Buxus microphylla HabitusLeaves BotGardBln0906.JPG
|image = Buxus microphylla HabitusLeaves BotGardBln0906.JPG
⚫
|image_caption =
| image_width = 240px
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
⚫
| image_caption =
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). |author2=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. |year=2019 |title=''Buxus microphylla'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T143486550A143486552 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T143486550A143486552.en |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|genus = Buxus
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
⚫
|species = microphylla
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
⚫
|authority = [[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Zucc.]]
| ordo = [[Buxales]]
| familia = [[Buxaceae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Buxus]]''
| species = '''''B. microphylla'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Buxus microphylla''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Zucc.]]
}}
}}
[[File:Fruit on Buxus microphylla, angled view.JPG | thumb | Fruit and foliage of a dwarf variety of ''Buxus microphylla'' (Hohman's Dwarf)]]
'''''Buxus microphylla''''', the '''Japanese box''' or '''littleleaf box''', is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the box [[family (botany)|family]]
found in Japan and Taiwan.<ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=September 26, 2007}}</ref> It is a dwarf [[evergreen]] shrub or small [[tree]] growing to {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall and wide.


==Description==
'''''Buxus microphylla''''' ('''Japanese Box''' or '''Littleleaf Box''') is a species of ''[[Buxus]]'' native to [[Japan]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?8207 ''Buxus microphylla'']</ref>
In the case of ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''japonica'', the tree height is usually 1-3 m, but it can reach up to about 4 m; in rare cases it grows to 10 m. The trunk is upright and about 10 cm thick, and the bark is grayish white to pale brown.


It is an [[evergreen]] [[shrub]] or small [[tree]] growing to 2–3 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are bright green, 10–25 mm long, oval with a rounded or notched tip.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref><ref name=bean1>Bean, W. J. (1976). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 1. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-1790-7.</ref>
The bright green leaves are {{convert|10|–|25|mm}} long, oval with a rounded or notched tip.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref><ref name=bean1>Bean, W. J. (1976). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 1. John Murray {{ISBN|0-7195-1790-7}}.</ref> The species was first described from Japanese cultivated plants of an unknown origin. They are unknown in the wild.


==Taxonomy==
The species was first described from cultivated plants of in Japan of unknown origin; these are dwarf shrubs only growing to 1 m tall, with small leaves less than 18 mm long. Wild box plants in Japan differ somewhat, growing to 2–3 m tall with leaves up to 25 mm long; they are sometimes distinguished as ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''japonica'' (Muell.-Arg.) Rehder & Wilson (syn. ''B. japonica'' Muell.-Arg.).<ref name=grin/><ref name=bean1/>
The scientific name for Japanese box is ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''japonica''. Plants from Taiwan are distinguished as ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''tarokoensis'' S.Y.Lu & Yuen P.Yang.<ref name=grin1>{{GRIN | ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''tarokoensis'' | 448512 | accessdate = September 26, 2007}}</ref> Plants from China and Korea, formerly often cited as ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''sinica'', are now treated as a distinct species ''[[Buxus sinica]]''.<ref name=grin2>{{GRIN | ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''sinica'' | 8210 | accessdate = September 26, 2007}}</ref>


== Uses ==
Plants from Taiwan are distinguished as ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''tarokoensis'' S.Y.Lu & Y.P.Yang.<ref name=grin1>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?448512 ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''tarokoensis'']</ref>
⚫
The species is grown as an [[ornamental plant]], both in its native area and elsewhere in temperate regions around the world.<ref name=pfaf>[[Plants For A Future]]: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Buxus+microphylla ''Buxus microphylla''] Retrieved September 26, 2007.</ref> It is particularly suitable for [[topiary]] or low hedging. ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''compacta'' (Kingsville dwarf boxwood) and similar cultivars are frequently used for [[bonsai]].


The cultivar 'Faulkner' ({{convert|1|m|ft}} tall by {{convert|1.5|m|ft}} broad) has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web
Plants from [[China]] and [[Korea]] formerly often cited as ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''sinica'' are now treated as a distinct species ''[[Buxus sinica]]''.<ref name=grin2>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?8210 ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''sinica'']</ref>
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/49533/i-Buxus-microphylla-i-Faulkner/Details
⚫
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Buxus microphylla'' 'Faulkner'
| accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref>


In Japan, the wood of ''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''japonica'' can be used to make a [[Seal (East Asia)|''hanko'']] (seal).<ref>https://www.inkan-takumi.com/service/material_tsuge.html (in Japanese) Inkan-takumi.com</ref>
⚫
The species is grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both in its native area and elsewhere in temperate regions of the world.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Buxus+microphylla ''Buxus microphylla'']</ref>


<gallery>
''Buxus microphylla'' var. ''compacta'' (Kingsville Dwarf Boxwood) and similar cultivars are commonly used for [[bonsai]].
File:Fruit on Buxus microphylla, angled view.JPG|Fruit and foliage of a dwarf variety of ''Buxus microphylla'' ('Hohman's Dwarf')
File:Hanko made of Japanese box.jpg|Hanko made of Japanese box
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q162432}}
{{commons}}


[[Category:Buxus|Microphylla]]
[[Category:Buxus|microphylla]]
[[Category:Trees of Korea]]
[[Category:Trees of Japan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1845]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philipp Franz von Siebold]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini]]



[[da:Småbladet Buksbom]]
{{eudicot-stub}}
[[es:Buxus microphylla]]
[[hsb:Małołopjenaty buksowc]]
[[ja:ツゲ]]
[[ru:Самшит мелколистный]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 18 February 2024

Buxus microphylla
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Buxales
Family: Buxaceae
Genus: Buxus
Species:
B. microphylla
Binomial name
Buxus microphylla

Buxus microphylla, the Japanese box or littleleaf box, is a species of flowering plant in the box family found in Japan and Taiwan.[2] It is a dwarf evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and wide.

Description[edit]

In the case of Buxus microphylla var. japonica, the tree height is usually 1-3 m, but it can reach up to about 4 m; in rare cases it grows to 10 m. The trunk is upright and about 10 cm thick, and the bark is grayish white to pale brown.

The bright green leaves are 10–25 millimetres (0.39–0.98 in) long, oval with a rounded or notched tip.[3][4] The species was first described from Japanese cultivated plants of an unknown origin. They are unknown in the wild.

Taxonomy[edit]

The scientific name for Japanese box is Buxus microphylla var. japonica. Plants from Taiwan are distinguished as Buxus microphylla var. tarokoensis S.Y.Lu & Yuen P.Yang.[5] Plants from China and Korea, formerly often cited as Buxus microphylla var. sinica, are now treated as a distinct species Buxus sinica.[6]

Uses[edit]

The species is grown as an ornamental plant, both in its native area and elsewhere in temperate regions around the world.[7] It is particularly suitable for topiary or low hedging. Buxus microphylla var. compacta (Kingsville dwarf boxwood) and similar cultivars are frequently used for bonsai.

The cultivar 'Faulkner' (1 metre (3.3 ft) tall by 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) broad) has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8]

In Japan, the wood of Buxus microphylla var. japonica can be used to make a hanko (seal).[9]

  • Fruit and foliage of a dwarf variety of Buxus microphylla ('Hohman's Dwarf')
    Fruit and foliage of a dwarf variety of Buxus microphylla ('Hohman's Dwarf')
  • Hanko made of Japanese box
    Hanko made of Japanese box

References[edit]

  1. ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Buxus microphylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T143486550A143486552. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T143486550A143486552.en. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  2. ^ "Buxus microphylla". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
  3. ^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  4. ^ Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 1. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-1790-7.
  5. ^ "Buxus microphylla var. tarokoensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
  6. ^ "Buxus microphylla var. sinica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
  7. ^ Plants For A Future: Buxus microphylla Retrieved September 26, 2007.
  8. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Buxus microphylla 'Faulkner'". Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  9. ^ https://www.inkan-takumi.com/service/material_tsuge.html (in Japanese) Inkan-takumi.com


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