Scrophularia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2012}} |
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{{redirect|Figwort|for other plants sometimes referred to as figword|List of plants known as figwort}} |
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{{Redirect|Figwort|other plants sometimes referred to as figwort|List of plants known as figwort}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{Taxobox |
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|image = Scrophularia nodosa8.jpg |
|image = Scrophularia nodosa8.jpg |
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|image_caption = ''Scrophularia nodosa'' |
|image_caption = ''Scrophularia nodosa'' |
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|taxon = Scrophularia |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] |
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|ordo = [[Lamiales]] |
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|familia = [[Scrophulariaceae]] |
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|genus = '''''Scrophularia''''' |
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|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
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|subdivision_ranks = Species |
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
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|subdivision = |
|subdivision = 289, see [[List of Scrophularia species|List]] |
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| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}} |
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* ''Ceramanthe'' <small>(Rchb.) Dumort.</small> |
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* ''Mosheovia'' <small>Eig</small> |
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* ''Oreosolen'' <small>Hook.f.</small> |
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* ''Scrophucephalus'' <small>A.P.Khokhr.</small> |
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* ''Tomiephyllum'' <small>Fourr.</small> |
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* ''Tuerckheimocharis'' <small>Urb.</small> |
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* ''Venilia'' <small>Fourr.</small> |
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{{hidden end}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The genus '''''Scrophularia''''' of the family [[Scrophulariaceae]] comprises about 200 species of [[herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s commonly known as '''figworts'''. Species of ''Scrophularia'' all share square [[Plant stem|stems]], [[opposite leaves]] and open two-lipped [[flower]]s forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the [[Northern Hemisphere |
The genus '''''Scrophularia''''' of the family [[Scrophulariaceae]] comprises about 200 species of [[herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s commonly known as '''figworts'''. Species of ''Scrophularia'' all share square [[Plant stem|stems]], [[opposite leaves]] and open two-lipped [[flower]]s forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. |
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''Scrophularia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Phymatopus|Phymatopus hectoides]]''.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} |
''Scrophularia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Phymatopus|Phymatopus hectoides]]''.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} |
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Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as [[iridoid]]s, and several ''Scrophularia'' species, such as the [[ |
Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as [[iridoid]]s, and several ''Scrophularia'' species, such as the [[Ningpo figwort]] (''S. ningpoensis''), have been used by [[herbal medicine]] practitioners around the world. The name ''Scrophularia'' comes from [[scrofula]], a form of [[tuberculosis]], because several species have been used in herbal medicine for this disease.<ref name="culpeper">{{Cite book |last=Culpeper |first=Nicholas |title=Culpeper's complete herbal: a book of natural remedies for ancient ills |publisher=Wordsworth Editions |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-85326-345-3 |series=Wordsworth reference series |location=Ware}}</ref><ref name="Garran">{{Cite book |last=Garran |first=Thomas Avery |title=Western Herbs according to Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Practitioner's Guide |date=2008-01-22 |publisher=Healing Arts Press |isbn=9781594771910 |language=English}}</ref> |
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==Selected species== |
==Selected species== |
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{{Main list|List of Scrophularia species}} |
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[[Image:Scrophularia nodosa Luc Viatour.JPG|thumb|right|235px|Scrophularia nodosa]] |
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[[ |
[[Image:Scrophularia nodosa Luc Viatour.JPG|thumb|right|upright=1.06|Common figwort (''[[Scrophularia nodosa]]'')]] |
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[[File:Scrophularia umbrosa.JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.9|[[Green figwort]] (''Scrophularia umbrosa'').]] |
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{| |
{| |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia atrata]]'' – black figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia auriculata]]'' – water figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia californica]]'' – California figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia canina]]'' – dog figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia desertorum]]'' – desert figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia grandiflora]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia laevis]]'' – smooth figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia lanceolata]]'' – lanceleaf figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia macrantha]]'' – Mimbres figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia marilandica]]'' – late figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia ningpoensis]]'' – Ningpo figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia nodosa]]'' – common figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia parviflora]]'' – pineland figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia peregrina]]'' – nettle-leaved figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia sambucifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia scorodonia]]'' – balm-leaved figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia umbrosa]]'' – green figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia vernalis]]'' – yellow figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia |
* ''[[Scrophularia villosa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia chlorantha]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia chrysantha]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia cinerascens]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia crenophila]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia cryptophila]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia delavayi]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia dentata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia depauperata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia desertorum]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia diplodonta]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia divaricata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia elatior]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia erzincanica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia fargesii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia floribunda]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia formosana]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia frigida]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia frutescens]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia glabrata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia grandiflora]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia gypsicola]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia henryi]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia herminii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia heucheriiflora]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia hopii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia hypericifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia hypsophila]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia hyssopifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia ilwensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia incisa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia juratensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia kansuensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia kakudensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia kiriloviana]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia kotschyana]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia kurdica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia laevigata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia laevis]]'' - Smooth figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia lanceolata]]'' - Lanceleaf figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia lepidota]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia lhasaensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia libanotica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia lijiangensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia lucida]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia luridiflora]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia macrantha]]'' - Mimbres figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia macrobotrys]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia macrocarpa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia mapienensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia marilandica]]'' - Late figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia meridionalis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia mersinensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia mesopotamica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia modesta]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia moellendorffii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia myriophylla]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia nachitschevanica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia nankinensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia neesii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia ningpoensis]]'' - Ningpo figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia nodosa]]'' - Common figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia olympica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia orientalis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia paphlagonica]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia parviflora]]'' - Pineland figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia pauciflora]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia pegaea]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia peregrina]]'' - Nettle-leaved figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia peyronii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia pinardii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia pruinosa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia przewalskii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia pulverulenta]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia pumilio]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia rimarum]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia rubricaulis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia sambucifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia scariosa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia schmitzii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia scopolii]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia scorodonia]]'' - Balm-leaved figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia serratifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia sosnowskyi]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia souliei]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia spicata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia striata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia stylosa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia subaequiloba]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia sublyrata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia taihangshanensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia thesioides]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia trichopoda]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia umbrosa]]'' - Green figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia urticifolia]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia variegata]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia vernalis]]'' - Yellow figwort |
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*''[[Scrophularia versicolor]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia villosa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia xanthoglossa]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia xylorrhiza]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia yoshimurae]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia yunnanensis]]'' |
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*''[[Scrophularia zuvandica]]'' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Scrophularia}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=July 2012}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q53470}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q53470}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Scrophularia| ]] |
[[Category:Scrophularia| ]] |
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[[Category:Scrophulariaceae genera]] |
Latest revision as of 20:36, 28 February 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2012) |
Scrophularia | |
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Scrophularia nodosa | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
Tribe: | Scrophularieae |
Genus: | Scrophularia L. |
Species | |
289, see List | |
Synonyms | |
List
|
The genus Scrophularia of the family Scrophulariaceae comprises about 200 species of herbaceous flowering plants commonly known as figworts. Species of Scrophularia all share square stems, opposite leaves and open two-lipped flowers forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Scrophularia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus hectoides.[citation needed]
Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoids, and several Scrophularia species, such as the Ningpo figwort (S. ningpoensis), have been used by herbal medicine practitioners around the world. The name Scrophularia comes from scrofula, a form of tuberculosis, because several species have been used in herbal medicine for this disease.[1][2]
Selected species[edit]
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References[edit]
- ^ Culpeper, Nicholas (1998). Culpeper's complete herbal: a book of natural remedies for ancient ills. Wordsworth reference series. Ware: Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-85326-345-3.
- ^ Garran, Thomas Avery (2008-01-22). Western Herbs according to Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Practitioner's Guide. Healing Arts Press. ISBN 9781594771910.