Dog figwort

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Dog figwort
Dog's figwort (Scrophularia canina)

Dog's figwort ( Scrophularia canina )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
Tribe : Scrophularieae
Genre : Brownwort ( Scrophularia )
Type : Dog figwort
Scientific name
Scrophularia canina
L.

The figwort ( Scrophularia canina ) is a species of the genus Braunwurzen ( Scrophularia ) within the family of figwort plants (Scrophulariaceae).

Dog's figwort ( Scrophularia canina )

description

The figwort is an unpleasant smelling, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 70 centimeters. The upright, mostly unbranched stem has short glandular hairs only in the inflorescence area ; below it is brown-red, woody and equipped with four ridges. The oppositely arranged leaves are five to seven pinnate with elongated-lanceolate, unevenly roughly toothed leaf sections.

The flowering period extends from June to September. The zygomorphic flowers are 5 mm long. The corolla is brown-violet and sometimes bordered with white. The round tips on the upper lip are shorter than half the corolla tube.

The capsule fruit is 5 mm long, glabrous, rounded and has a small tip. The seeds are 2 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24 or 26.

ecology

The dog figwort is a hemicryptophyte .

Galls , which are caused by gall midges of the genus Asphondylia , are often found on the capsule fruits of the figwort .

Occurrence

The general distribution of the figwort stretches from North Africa to Ukraine and Turkey; northwards it reaches its distribution area Central France and Switzerland, in the Upper Rhine area the northern limit of distribution is reached.

In Germany only the subspecies Scrophularia canina subsp. canina before. In Germany it occurs on the Upper Rhine and Upper Rhine up to the mouth of the Neckar.

Dog-Figwort ( Scrophularia canina subsp. Hoppii )

The Hunds-figwort needs calcareous, loose-stony-gravelly, sandy, soil poor in fine earth. It inhabits embankments, gravel banks, gravel pits and high banks. It is a character species of the Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae from the association Epilobion fleischeri, but also occurs in societies of the Stipion calamagrostidis.

Systematics

The Hunds-Figwort is a diverse clan with the following subspecies:

  • Scrophularia canina subsp. bicolor (Sibth. & Sm.) Greuter : It occurs in Italy, on the Balkan Peninsula, in European Turkey and in Ukraine.
  • Scrophularia canina subsp. canina : In Germany only this subspecies occurs in which the upper lip of the flower is about 1/3 as long as the corolla tube.
  • Scrophularia canina subsp. crithmifolia (Boiss.) O. Bolòs & Vigo : It occurs in Spain.
  • Shrubby figwort ( Scrophularia canina subsp. Frutescens (L.) O. Bolòs & Vigo ): It occurs in Portugal, Spain and Sicily.
  • Hoppe's figwort ( Scrophularia canina subsp. Hoppii (WDJ Koch) P. Fourn. , Syn .: Scrophularia juratensis Wydl. ): It occurs in the mountains up to altitudes of 2000 meters. In her, the upper lip of the corolla is ½ to 2/3 as long as the corolla tube. The distribution area includes France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia.
  • Scrophularia canina subsp. tristis (K. Malý) V. Nikolic : It occurs in Serbia.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  833 .
  2. ^ Scrophularia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae : Datasheet Scrophularia canina In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : figwort ( Scrophularia canina )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

photos