Neuroterus: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Neuroterus numismalis 1 beentree.jpg|right|thumb|The galls of ''[[Neuroterus numismalis]]'' parthenogenetic generation on ''[[Pedunculate Oak|Quercus robur]]'' leaf]]
[[File:Neuroterus numismalis 1 beentree.jpg|right|thumb|The galls of ''[[Neuroterus numismalis]]'' parthenogenetic generation on ''[[Pedunculate Oak|Quercus robur]]'' leaf]]


'''''Neuroterus''''' is a genus of [[gall wasp]]s. Some species produce galls that fall off the host plant and jump along the ground due to the movement of the [[larva]]e within.
'''''Neuroterus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[gall wasp]]s that induce [[Gall|galls]] on [[Oak|oaks]] in which the wasp larvae live and feed. Some species produce galls that fall off the host plant and 'jump' along the ground due to the movement of the [[larva]]e within.


''Neuroterus saltatorius''—formerly named ''Cynips saltatorius''—produces such [[Mexican jumping bean]]-like jumping galls about 1 to 1.5&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref>
''Neuroterus saltatorius''—formerly named ''Cynips saltatorius''—produces such [[Mexican jumping bean]]-like jumping galls about 1 to 1.5&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref>W.P. Armstrong.
[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pldec97.htm "California's Amazing Jumping Galls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217041733/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pldec97.htm |date=2015-02-17 }}.
W.P. Armstrong.
⚫
1997.</ref><ref>
[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pldec97.htm "California's Amazing Jumping Galls"].
1997.
⚫
</ref><ref>
Missouri Botanical Garden.
Missouri Botanical Garden.
[http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/other/galls/jumping-oak-galls.aspx "Jumping oak galls"].
[http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/other/galls/jumping-oak-galls.aspx "Jumping oak galls"].
</ref>
</ref>


This genus was first described by [[Theodor Hartig]] in 1840. Like most [[Cynipini|oak gall wasps]], Neuroterus species have two generations each year, one sexual and one [[Asexual reproduction|asexual]] (or agamic). The galls induced by each generation of the same species are usually produced on different parts of the host plant.
⚫
Species include:<ref name=melika21>{{Cite Q|Q110307168}}</ref>

Recent studies indicate this genus is [[Polyphyletic|poly]]- or [[paraphyletic]], thus many species will likely be moved to other genera.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Anna K. G. |last2=Bagley |first2=Robin K. |last3=Egan |first3=Scott P. |last4=Hood |first4=Glen Ray |last5=Ott |first5=James R. |last6=Prior |first6=Kirsten M. |last7=Sheikh |first7=Sofia I. |last8=Weinersmith |first8=Kelly L. |last9=Zhang |first9=Linyi |last10=Zhang |first10=Y. Miles |last11=Forbes |first11=Andrew A. |date=August 2022 |title=Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both |journal=Evolution |language=en |volume=76 |issue=8 |pages=1849–1867 |doi=10.1111/evo.14562 |pmid=35819249 |pmc=9541853 |issn=0014-3820}}</ref>

⚫
Species include:<ref name=melika21>{{Cite Q|Q110307168}}</ref><ref name=dias22>{{Cite Q|Q110526665}}</ref>
*''[[Neuroterus albipes]]''
*''[[Neuroterus albipes]]''
*''[[Neuroterus alexandrae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus alexandrae]]''
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*''[[Neuroterus anthracinus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus anthracinus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus aprilinus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus aprilinus]]''
*''[[Nueroterus bussae|Neuroterus bussae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus bussae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus cerrifloralis]]''
*''[[Neuroterus cerrifloralis]]''
*''[[Neuroterus fragilis]]'' (succulent gall wasp)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Russo |first=Ronald A. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1239984577 |title=Plant galls of the Western United States |date=2021 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-21340-8 |location=Princeton, New Jersey |pages=300 |language=en |oclc=1239984577}}</ref>
*''[[Neuroterus lanuginosus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus lanuginosus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus numismalis]]''
*''[[Neuroterus numismalis]]''
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*''[[Neuroterus quercusbaccarum]]''
*''[[Neuroterus quercusbaccarum]]''
*''[[Neuroterus rosieae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus rosieae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus saltatorius]]''
*''[[Neuroterus saltatorius]]'' (jumping gall wasp)<ref name=":0" />
*''[[Neuroterus serratae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus serratae]]''
*''[[Neuroterus stonei]]''
*''[[Neuroterus stonei]]''
*''[[Neuroterus tricolor]]''
*''[[Neuroterus tricolor]]''
*''[[Neuroterus umbilicatus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus umbilicatus]]''
*''[[Neuroterus valhalla]]''


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{ITIS |id=705595 |taxon=''Neuroterus''}}
* {{ITIS |id=705595 |taxon=''Neuroterus''}}
* [http://www.cedarcreek.umn.edu/insects/album/025034017ap.html Gall Photo Gallery]
* [http://www.cedarcreek.umn.edu/insects/album/025034017ap.html Gall Photo Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511212303/http://cedarcreek.umn.edu/insects/album/025034017ap.html |date=2008-05-11 }}
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* {{Commons-inline}}

⚫
* {{Commons inline}}
* {{Wikispecies inline}}
* {{Wikispecies inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q14409548}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q14409548}}
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[[Category:Hymenoptera genera]]
[[Category:Hymenoptera genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Theodor Hartig]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Theodor Hartig]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1840]]




Latest revision as of 06:24, 7 March 2024

Neuroterus
Neuroterus albipes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Tribe: Cynipini
Genus: Neuroterus
Hartig, 1840
Species

Many; see text

The galls of Neuroterus numismalis parthenogenetic generation on Quercus robur leaf

Neuroterus is a genus of gall wasps that induce galls on oaks in which the wasp larvae live and feed. Some species produce galls that fall off the host plant and 'jump' along the ground due to the movement of the larvae within.

Neuroterus saltatorius—formerly named Cynips saltatorius—produces such Mexican jumping bean-like jumping galls about 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter.[1][2]

This genus was first described by Theodor Hartig in 1840. Like most oak gall wasps, Neuroterus species have two generations each year, one sexual and one asexual (or agamic). The galls induced by each generation of the same species are usually produced on different parts of the host plant.

Recent studies indicate this genus is poly- or paraphyletic, thus many species will likely be moved to other genera.[3]

Species include:[4][5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ W.P. Armstrong. "California's Amazing Jumping Galls" Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. 1997.
  2. ^ Missouri Botanical Garden. "Jumping oak galls".
  3. ^ Ward, Anna K. G.; Bagley, Robin K.; Egan, Scott P.; Hood, Glen Ray; Ott, James R.; Prior, Kirsten M.; Sheikh, Sofia I.; Weinersmith, Kelly L.; Zhang, Linyi; Zhang, Y. Miles; Forbes, Andrew A. (August 2022). "Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both". Evolution. 76 (8): 1849–1867. doi:10.1111/evo.14562. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9541853. PMID 35819249.
  4. ^ George Melika; James A. Nicholls; Warren Abrahamson; Eileen A. Buss; Graham N. Stone (23 December 2021). "New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)". Zootaxa. 5084 (1): 1–131. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5084.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Wikidata Q110307168.
  5. ^ Pedro Ferreira Pinto Brandão-Dias; Y. Miles Zhang; Stacy Pirro; Camila C. Vinson; Kelly L. Weinersmith; Anna K. G. Ward; Andrew A. Forbes; Scott P. Egan (10 January 2022). "Describing biodiversity in the genomics era: A new species of Nearctic Cynipidae gall wasp and its genome". Systematic Entomology. 47: 94–112. doi:10.1111/SYEN.12521. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q110526665.
  6. ^ a b Russo, Ronald A. (2021). Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-691-21340-8. OCLC 1239984577.

External links[edit]


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