Krystallopigi: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 40°38′N 21°05′E / 40.633°N 21.083°E / 40.633; 21.083
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{{Short description|Place in Greece}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos
{{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name = Krystallopigi
|name = Krystallopigi
|name_local = Κρυσταλλοπηγή
|name_local = Κρυσταλλοπηγή
|type = municipal unit
|image_map = DE Krystallopigis.svg
|image_map = DE Krystallopigis.svg
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit
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|periphunit = [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]]
|periphunit = [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]]
|municipality = [[Prespes]]
|municipality = [[Prespes]]
|pop_municunit = 359
|pop_municunit = 145
|pop_community = 314
|pop_community = 111
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_as_of = 2021
|area_municunit = 102.0
|area_municunit = 102.0
|elevation = 1130
|elevation = 1130
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|caption_skyline =
|caption_skyline =
}}
}}
'''Krystallopigi''' ({{lang-el|Κρυσταλλοπηγή}}) is a former [[Communities and Municipalities of Greece|community]] in [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina regional unit]], [[West Macedonia]], [[Greece]]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality [[Prespes]], of which it is a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis>[http://www.kedke.gr/uploads2010/FEKB129211082010_kallikratis.pdf Kallikratis law] Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}}</ref>
'''Krystallopigi''' ({{lang-el|Κρυσταλλοπηγή}}) is a former [[Communities and Municipalities of Greece|community]] in [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina regional unit]], [[West Macedonia]], [[Greece]]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality [[Prespes]], of which it is a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]]}}</ref>


The municipal unit has an area of 101.984 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 |df= }}</ref> The population is 359 (2011). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with [[Aromanians]] from [[Epirus]]. Today they still form the majority of the towns population. Here is located the depopulated village [[Vambel]].
The municipal unit has an area of 101.984&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 }}</ref> The population is 145 (2021). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with [[Aromanians]] from [[Epirus]]. Today they still form the majority of the towns population. Here is located the depopulated village [[Vambel]].


Krystallopigi [[Border crossings of Albania|borders]] [[Albania]] to the west; [[Prespes|Prespes municipality]] to the north; [[Korestia|Korestia municipality]], [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria regional unit]], to the east and southeast; and [[Kastraki, Kastoria|Kastraki community]], [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria regional unit]], to the south. A major road [[Border crossings of Albania|border crossing]] into [[Albania]] is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as [[Kapshticë|Kapshtica]], 9&nbsp;km east from [[Bilisht]].
Krystallopigi [[Border crossings of Albania|borders]] [[Albania]] to the west; [[Prespes|Prespes municipality]] to the north; [[Korestia|Korestia municipality]], [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria regional unit]], to the east and southeast; and [[Kastraki, Kastoria|Kastraki community]], [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria regional unit]], to the south. A major road [[Border crossings of Albania|border crossing]] into [[Albania]] is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as [[Kapshticë|Kapshtica]], 9&nbsp;km east from [[Bilisht]].
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== Name ==
== Name ==
[[File:Arzuhal Smardesh 5 May 1892.JPG|thumb|200px|right|A request from local inhabitants to the [[Grand Vizier]] from 1892. There they insist to be transferred from the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Greek Patriarchate]] to the [[Bulgarian Exarchate]].]]
[[File:Arzuhal Smardesh 5 May 1892.JPG|thumb|200px|right|A request from local inhabitants to the [[Grand Vizier]] from 1892. There they insist to be transferred from the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Greek Patriarchate]] to the [[Bulgarian Exarchate]].]]
Until 1926, the village was known as ''Smardesi'' ({{lang-gr|Σμαρδέσι}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pandektis.ekt.gr/dspace/handle/10442/170757|title=Πανδέκτης: Smardesi -- Krystallopigi|format= |work= |accessdate=2018-11-14}} ''Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece'', compiled by the [http://www.eie.gr/nhrf/institutes/inr/index-en.html Institute for Neohellenic Research]</ref>. In the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] it is known as Смърдеш, ''Smardesh'' or ''Smrdesh'', while in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] as Смрдеш, ''Smrdeš''. The modern name Krystallopigi means "crystal spring".
Until 1926, the village was known as ''Smardesi'' ({{lang-gr|Σμαρδέσι}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pandektis.ekt.gr/dspace/handle/10442/170757|title=Πανδέκτης: Smardesi -- Krystallopigi|format= |accessdate=2018-11-14}} ''Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece'', compiled by the [http://www.eie.gr/nhrf/institutes/inr/index-en.html Institute for Neohellenic Research]</ref> In the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] it is known as Смърдеш, ''Smardesh'' or ''Smrdesh'', while in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] as Смрдеш, ''Smrdeš''. The original name of the village is believed to be derived from the local Slavic name of a nearby mineral spring ''Smrdliva Voda'' meaning ''stinky water''.<ref>Симовски, Тодор (1998). Населените места во Егејска Македонија : географски, етнички и стопански карактеристики. I. Скопје: Институт за национална историја. стр. 175–176</ref> The modern name Krystallopigi means "crystal spring".


== History ==
== History ==
The village was mentioned in an Ottoman [[defter]] of 1530, under the name of ''Ismirdesh'', and was described as having 53 households. <ref>Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 [1530 tarihli Muhasebe-i Vilayet-i Rumeli defteri'ne göre Paşa Sancağı sol-kol bölgesinde demografi ve yerleşim], Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.</ref> The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was [[Macedonian Bulgarians|Bulgarian]].<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/en/hb/hb_5_10.html Brailsford, H. N. Macedonia: Its Races and Their Future, London 1906, p. 141]</ref> There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/vk/vk_2_43.htm Васил Кънчов. „Македония. Етнография и статистика“. София, 1900, с.265 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 265)],</ref>
The village was mentioned in an Ottoman [[defter]] of 1530, under the name of ''Ismirdesh'', and was described as having 53 households.<ref>Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 [1530 tarihli Muhasebe-i Vilayet-i Rumeli defteri'ne göre Paşa Sancağı sol-kol bölgesinde demografi ve yerleşim], Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.</ref> The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was [[Macedonian Bulgarians|Bulgarian]].<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/en/hb/hb_5_10.html Brailsford, H. N. Macedonia: Its Races and Their Future, London 1906, p. 141]</ref> There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/vk/vk_2_43.htm Васил Кънчов. „Македония. Етнография и статистика“. София, 1900, с.265 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 265)],</ref>


Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of [[IMORO]]. There was an illegal foundry and depot for [[hand grenades]] in 1903.<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/bmark/vch/vch_1903_maj.htm Чекаларов, Васил. Дневник 1901-1903, с. 232 (Chekalarov, Vasil. Diary 1901-1903, p. 232)]</ref><ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/obm1/5_6.html Силянов, Христо. Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том I, София 1933, с. 271 (Silyanov, Hristo. The liberation struggles of Macedonia, vol. 1, Sofia 1933, p. 271]</ref> The village was burned by Turkish troops and [[Albanians|Albanian]] irregulars in May 1903.<ref>Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref> It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the [[Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising]].<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/shklifovi/shklifovi_000_100.pdf Шклифов, Благой и Екатерина Шклифова. Български диалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 32 (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 32)], Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref>
Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of [[IMORO]]. There was an illegal foundry and depot for [[hand grenades]] in 1903.<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/bmark/vch/vch_1903_maj.htm Чекаларов, Васил. Дневник 1901-1903, с. 232 (Chekalarov, Vasil. Diary 1901-1903, p. 232)]</ref><ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/obm1/5_6.html Силянов, Христо. Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том I, София 1933, с. 271 (Silyanov, Hristo. The liberation struggles of Macedonia, vol. 1, Sofia 1933, p. 271]</ref> The village was burned by Turkish troops in May 1903.<ref>Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref> It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the [[Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising]].<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/shklifovi/shklifovi_000_100.pdf Шклифов, Благой и Екатерина Шклифова. Български диалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 32 (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 32)], Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref>


The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926. In 1951, the village was declared entirely uninhabited, and later [[Aromanians|Vlachs]] from [[Thesprotia]] and from the vicinity of [[Preveza]] were settled there.
The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926.

By the 1950s, the Greek government assisted a group of nomadic transhumant [[Aromanians]], known as the Arvanitovlachs, to settle in depopulated villages of the Prespa region like Krystallopigi.<ref name="Koukoudis304"/> Aromanians are the only inhabitants of the village.<ref name="Koukoudis304">{{cite book|last=Koukoudis|first=Asterios|title=The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora|year=2003|publisher=Zitros Publications|isbn=9789607760869|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01JoAAAAMAAJ&q=Krystallopiyi|page=304}}</ref>

Krystallopigi had 265 inhabitants in 1981.<ref name="VanB"/> In fieldwork done by Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Krystallopigi was populated by Aromanians.<ref name="VanB">{{cite journal|last=Van Boeschoten|first=Riki|title=Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d'Aridea (Macédoine)|trans-title=Use of minority languages in the departments of Florina and Aridea (Macedonia)|url=http://journals.openedition.org/strates/381|journal=Strates|volume=10|year=2001|doi=}} Table 3: Kristallopiyi, 265; V; V = Valaques (Aroumains)"</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Florina-Prefecture-Greece-subdivisions.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of Florina regional unit showing Krystallopigi municipal unit.]]
[[File:Florina-Prefecture-Greece-subdivisions.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of Florina regional unit showing Krystallopigi municipal unit.]]
{{Historical populations
{| class="wikitable"
|align = none
| valign="top" |
|1913|1488
{|
|1920|718
! style="background:#efefef;" | Year
|1928|598
! style="background:#efefef;" | Population
|1940|624
|-
|1961|364
| 1913 || align="right" | 1,488
|1971|309
|-
|1981|265
| 1920 || align="right" | 718
|2001<ref name=stat01/>|383
|-
|2011<ref name=census11>{{cite web | url = http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1210503/resident_population_census2011rev.xls | title = Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός | publisher = Hellenic Statistical Authority | language = el }}</ref>|359
| 1928 || align="right" | 598
|2021<ref name="census21"/>|145
|-
⚫
}}
| 1940 || align="right" | 624
|-
| 1951 || align="right" | 0
|-
| 1961 || align="right" | 364
|-
| 1971 || align="right" | 309
|-
| 1981 || align="right" | 265
|-
| 1991 || align="right" | 213
|-
| 2001 || align="right" | 573
|-
| 2011 || align="right" | 359
⚫
|}
|}


== Notable persons ==
== Notable persons ==
* [[Konstantinos Christou]] (1863–1905)
* [[Vasil Chekalarov]] (1874–1913) - [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] revolutionary
* [[Vasil Chekalarov]] (1874–1913) - [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] revolutionary


Line 77: Line 66:


{{Prespes div}}
{{Prespes div}}

[[Category:Populated places in Florina (regional unit)]]
[[Category:Populated places in Florina (regional unit)]]
⚫
[[Category:Albania–Greece border crossings]]
[[Category:Former municipalities in Western Macedonia]]
[[Category:Former municipalities in Western Macedonia]]
[[Category:Prespes]]
⚫
[[Category:Albania–Greece border crossings]]

Latest revision as of 10:08, 8 March 2024

Krystallopigi
Κρυσταλλοπηγή
Municipal unit
Krystallopigi is located in Greece
Krystallopigi
Krystallopigi
Location within the regional unit
Coordinates: 40°38′N 21°05′E / 40.633°N 21.083°E / 40.633; 21.083
CountryGreece
Administrative regionWest Macedonia
Regional unitFlorina
MunicipalityPrespes
Area
 • Municipal unit102.0 km2 (39.4 sq mi)
Elevation
1,130 m (3,710 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Municipal unit
145
 • Municipal unit density1.4/km2 (3.7/sq mi)
 • Community
111
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Vehicle registrationΡΑ

Krystallopigi (Greek: Κρυσταλλοπηγή) is a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Prespes, of which it is a municipal unit.[2]

The municipal unit has an area of 101.984 km2.[3] The population is 145 (2021). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with Aromanians from Epirus. Today they still form the majority of the towns population. Here is located the depopulated village Vambel.

Krystallopigi borders Albania to the west; Prespes municipality to the north; Korestia municipality, Kastoria regional unit, to the east and southeast; and Kastraki community, Kastoria regional unit, to the south. A major road border crossing into Albania is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as Kapshtica, 9 km east from Bilisht.

Name[edit]

A request from local inhabitants to the Grand Vizier from 1892. There they insist to be transferred from the Greek Patriarchate to the Bulgarian Exarchate.

Until 1926, the village was known as Smardesi (Greek: Σμαρδέσι).[4] In the Bulgarian it is known as Смърдеш, Smardesh or Smrdesh, while in Macedonian as Смрдеш, Smrdeš. The original name of the village is believed to be derived from the local Slavic name of a nearby mineral spring Smrdliva Voda meaning stinky water.[5] The modern name Krystallopigi means "crystal spring".

History[edit]

The village was mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1530, under the name of Ismirdesh, and was described as having 53 households.[6] The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was Bulgarian.[7] There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.[8]

Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of IMORO. There was an illegal foundry and depot for hand grenades in 1903.[9][10] The village was burned by Turkish troops in May 1903.[11] It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.[12]

The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926.

By the 1950s, the Greek government assisted a group of nomadic transhumant Aromanians, known as the Arvanitovlachs, to settle in depopulated villages of the Prespa region like Krystallopigi.[13] Aromanians are the only inhabitants of the village.[13]

Krystallopigi had 265 inhabitants in 1981.[14] In fieldwork done by Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Krystallopigi was populated by Aromanians.[14]

Demographics[edit]

Map of Florina regional unit showing Krystallopigi municipal unit.
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19131,488—    
1920718−51.7%
1928598−16.7%
1940624+4.3%
1961364−41.7%
1971309−15.1%
1981265−14.2%
2001[3]383+44.5%
2011[15]359−6.3%
2021[1]145−59.6%

Notable persons[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. ^ "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. ^ a b "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21.
  4. ^ "Πανδέκτης: Smardesi -- Krystallopigi". Retrieved 2018-11-14. Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece, compiled by the Institute for Neohellenic Research
  5. ^ Симовски, Тодор (1998). Населените места во Егејска Македонија : географски, етнички и стопански карактеристики. I. Скопје: Институт за национална историја. стр. 175–176
  6. ^ Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 [1530 tarihli Muhasebe-i Vilayet-i Rumeli defteri'ne göre Paşa Sancağı sol-kol bölgesinde demografi ve yerleşim], Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.
  7. ^ Brailsford, H. N. Macedonia: Its Races and Their Future, London 1906, p. 141
  8. ^ Васил Кънчов. „Македония. Етнография и статистика“. София, 1900, с.265 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 265),
  9. ^ Чекаларов, Васил. Дневник 1901-1903, с. 232 (Chekalarov, Vasil. Diary 1901-1903, p. 232)
  10. ^ Силянов, Христо. Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том I, София 1933, с. 271 (Silyanov, Hristo. The liberation struggles of Macedonia, vol. 1, Sofia 1933, p. 271
  11. ^ Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203
  12. ^ Шклифов, Благой и Екатерина Шклифова. Български диалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 32 (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 32), Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203
  13. ^ a b Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. Zitros Publications. p. 304. ISBN 9789607760869.
  14. ^ a b Van Boeschoten, Riki (2001). "Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d'Aridea (Macédoine)" [Use of minority languages in the departments of Florina and Aridea (Macedonia)]. Strates. 10. Table 3: Kristallopiyi, 265; V; V = Valaques (Aroumains)"
  15. ^ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
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