Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Chart of life expectancy changed to a more detailed one
Altan181 (talk | contribs)
53 edits
(20 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|none}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics|image=File:Democratic Republic of the Congo single age population pyramid 2020.png|place=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020|size_of_population={{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)|nation=Congolese|official=French|age_0–14_years=46.38%|age_65_years=2.47%|birth=40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|growth=3.14% (2022 est.)|death=7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_under_15=1.01 male(s)/female|sr_at_birth=1.03 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.6 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=60.85 deaths/1,000 live births|life=61.83 years|life_male=60.03 years|life_female=63.69 years|fertility=5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_population.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.]]
{{Infobox place demographics|image=File:Democratic Republic of the Congo single age population pyramid 2020.png|place=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020|size_of_population={{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)|nation=Congolese|official=French|age_0–14_years=46.38%|age_65_years=2.47%|birth=40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|growth=3.14% (2022 est.)|death=7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_under_15=1.01 male(s)/female|sr_at_birth=1.03 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.6 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=60.85 deaths/1,000 live births|life=61.83 years|life_male=60.03 years|life_female=63.69 years|fertility=5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_population.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.]]
This article is about the [[demographics|demographic]] features of the [[population]] of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], including [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health, [[Socioeconomic status|economic status]], [[Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|religious]] affiliations and other aspects of the population.
[[demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] include [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health, [[Socioeconomic status|economic status]], [[Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|religious]] affiliations and other aspects of the population.


As many as 250 [[ethnic group]]s have been distinguished and named.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/congokinshasa/85994.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> The most numerous people are the [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Mongo people|Mongo]], and [[Bakongo]].
As many as 250 [[ethnic group]]s have been distinguished and named.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/congokinshasa/85994.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> The most numerous people are the [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Mongo people|Mongo]], and [[Bakongo|Kongo]].


Although 700 local [[language]]s and [[dialect]]s are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of [[French language|French]], and the intermediary languages [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Lingala language|Lingala]].
Although 700 local [[language]]s and [[dialect]]s are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of [[French language|French]], and the intermediary languages [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Lingala language|Lingala]].
Line 61: Line 61:
|}
|}


Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.) (Provisional.):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 264: Line 264:
Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The [[United Nations Population Division|Population Department of the United Nations]] prepared the following estimates.
Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The [[United Nations Population Division|Population Department of the United Nations]] prepared the following estimates.
<ref name="WPP 2022">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB) |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx|format=xlsx|access-date=2022-07-13 |website=[[United Nations Population Division]]|at=tab "Estimates"}} (found under: [https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022] – [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ Download Files])</ref>
<ref name="WPP 2022">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB) |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx|format=xlsx|access-date=2022-07-13 |website=[[United Nations Population Division]]|at=tab "Estimates"}} (found under: [https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022] – [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ Download Files])</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
|-
! style="width:70pt;"|Period
! style="width:70pt;"|Period
Line 278: Line 278:
|-
|-
|1950
|1950
|  566 000
|  566,000
|  326 000
|  326,000
|  239 000
|  239,000
|46.0
|46.0
|26.6
|26.6
|19.5
|19.5
|5.97
|style="color:red" |5.97
|179.9
|179.9
|38.31
|38.31
|-
|-
|1951
|1951
|  579 000
|  579,000
|  328 000
|  328,000
|  251 000
|  251,000
|46.1
|46.1
|26.2
|26.2
Line 300: Line 300:
|-
|-
|1952
|1952
|  592 000
|  592,000
|  327 000
|  327,000
|  264 000
|  264,000
|46.2
|46.2
|25.6
|25.6
Line 311: Line 311:
|-
|-
|1953
|1953
|  607 000
|  607,000
|  329 000
|  329,000
|  278 000
|  278,000
|46.4
|46.4
|25.1
|25.1
Line 322: Line 322:
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
|  619 000
|  619,000
|  330 000
|  330,000
|  289 000
|  289,000
|46.3
|46.3
|24.7
|24.7
Line 333: Line 333:
|-
|-
|1955
|1955
|  632 000
|  632,000
|  333 000
|  333,000
|  299 000
|  299,000
|46.3
|46.3
|24.4
|24.4
Line 344: Line 344:
|-
|-
|1956
|1956
|  646 000
|  646,000
|  336 000
|  336,000
|  311 000
|  311,000
|46.4
|46.4
|24.1
|24.1
Line 355: Line 355:
|-
|-
|1957
|1957
|  663 000
|  663,000
|  338 000
|  338,000
|  325 000
|  325,000
|46.5
|46.5
|23.7
|23.7
Line 366: Line 366:
|-
|-
|1958
|1958
|  681 000
|  681,000
|  343 000
|  343,000
|  338 000
|  338,000
|46.7
|46.7
|23.5
|23.5
Line 377: Line 377:
|-
|-
|1959
|1959
|  698 000
|  698,000
|  348 000
|  348,000
|  349 000
|  349,000
|46.8
|46.8
|23.4
|23.4
Line 388: Line 388:
|-
|-
|1960
|1960
|  716 000
|  716,000
|  354 000
|  354,000
|  362 000
|  362,000
|46.9
|46.9
|23.2
|23.2
Line 399: Line 399:
|-
|-
|1961
|1961
|  738 000
|  738,000
|  370 000
|  370,000
|  368 000
|  368,000
|47.1
|47.1
|23.6
|23.6
Line 410: Line 410:
|-
|-
|1962
|1962
|  761 000
|  761,000
|  378 000
|  378,000
|  383 000
|  383,000
|47.4
|47.4
|23.5
|23.5
Line 421: Line 421:
|-
|-
|1963
|1963
|  785 000
|  785,000
|  385 000
|  385,000
|  400 000
|  400,000
|47.5
|47.5
|23.3
|23.3
Line 432: Line 432:
|-
|-
|1964
|1964
|  808 000
|  808,000
|  403 000
|  403,000
|  406 000
|  406,000
|47.7
|47.7
|23.8
|23.8
Line 443: Line 443:
|-
|-
|1965
|1965
|  833 000
|  833,000
|  404 000
|  404,000
|  429 000
|  429,000
|47.9
|47.9
|23.2
|23.2
Line 454: Line 454:
|-
|-
|1966
|1966
|  859 000
|  859,000
|  397 000
|  397,000
|  462 000
|  462,000
|47.9
|47.9
|22.1
|22.1
Line 465: Line 465:
|-
|-
|1967
|1967
|  885 000
|  885,000
|  405 000
|  405,000
|  480 000
|  480,000
|style="color:blue" | 48.0
|48.0
|21.9
|21.9
|26.0
|26.0
Line 476: Line 476:
|-
|-
|1968
|1968
|  910 000
|  910,000
|  411 000
|  411,000
|  500 000
|  500,000
|47.9
|47.9
|21.6
|21.6
Line 487: Line 487:
|-
|-
|1969
|1969
|  935 000
|  935,000
|  418 000
|  418,000
|  517 000
|  517,000
|47.8
|47.8
|21.4
|21.4
Line 498: Line 498:
|-
|-
|1970
|1970
|  959 000
|  959,000
|  425 000
|  425,000
|  534 000
|  534,000
|47.6
|47.6
|21.1
|21.1
Line 509: Line 509:
|-
|-
|1971
|1971
|  985 000
|  985,000
|  431 000
|  431,000
|  554 000
|  554,000
|47.5
|47.5
|20.8
|20.8
Line 520: Line 520:
|-
|-
|1972
|1972
|  1 006 000
|  1,006,000
|  437 000
|  437,000
|  569 000
|  569,000
|47.3
|47.3
|20.5
|20.5
Line 531: Line 531:
|-
|-
|1973
|1973
|  1 026 000
|  1,026,000
|  445 000
|  445,000
|  582 000
|  582,000
|47.0
|47.0
|20.4
|20.4
Line 542: Line 542:
|-
|-
|1974
|1974
|  1 047 000
|  1,047,000
|  451 000
|  451,000
|  597 000
|  597,000
|46.7
|46.7
|20.1
|20.1
Line 553: Line 553:
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
|  1 070 000
|  1,070,000
|  460 000
|  460,000
|  610 000
|  610,000
|46.4
|46.4
|20.0
|20.0
Line 564: Line 564:
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
|  1 091 000
|  1,091,000
|  468 000
|  468,000
|  623 000
|  623,000
|46.1
|46.1
|19.8
|19.8
Line 575: Line 575:
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
|  1 111 000
|  1,111,000
|  476 000
|  476,000
|  634 000
|  634,000
|45.8
|45.8
|19.6
|19.6
Line 586: Line 586:
|-
|-
|1978
|1978
|  1 134 000
|  1,134,000
|  491 000
|  491,000
|  643 000
|  643,000
|45.6
|45.6
|19.7
|19.7
Line 597: Line 597:
|-
|-
|1979
|1979
|  1 184 000
|  1,184,000
|  496 000
|  496,000
|  688 000
|  688,000
|45.9
|45.9
|19.2
|19.2
Line 608: Line 608:
|-
|-
|1980
|1980
|  1 227 000
|  1,227,000
|  507 000
|  507,000
|  720 000
|  720,000
|46.0
|46.0
|19.0
|19.0
Line 619: Line 619:
|-
|-
|1981
|1981
|  1 260 000
|  1,260,000
|  517 000
|  517,000
|  744 000
|  744,000
|45.9
|45.9
|18.8
|18.8
Line 630: Line 630:
|-
|-
|1982
|1982
|  1 293 000
|  1,293,000
|  526 000
|  526,000
|  766 000
|  766,000
|45.8
|45.8
|18.6
|18.6
Line 641: Line 641:
|-
|-
|1983
|1983
|  1 333 000
|  1,333,000
|  535 000
|  535,000
|  798 000
|  798,000
|45.9
|45.9
|18.5
|18.5
Line 652: Line 652:
|-
|-
|1984
|1984
|  1 377 000
|  1,377,000
|  545 000
|  545,000
|  832 000
|  832,000
|46.2
|46.2
|18.3
|18.3
Line 663: Line 663:
|-
|-
|1985
|1985
|  1 433 000
|  1,433,000
|  559 000
|  559,000
|  873 000
|  873,000
|46.5
|46.5
|18.2
|18.2
Line 674: Line 674:
|-
|-
|1986
|1986
|  1 480 000
|  1,480,000
|  571 000
|  571,000
|  910 000
|  910,000
|46.7
|46.7
|18.0
|18.0
Line 685: Line 685:
|-
|-
|1987
|1987
|  1 529 000
|  1,529,000
|  579 000
|  579,000
|  950 000
|  950,000
|46.8
|46.8
|17.7
|17.7
|29.1
|29.1
|style="color:blue" |6.74
|6.74
|114.9
|114.9
|47.34
|47.34
|-
|-
|1988
|1988
|  1 568 000
|  1,568,000
|  588 000
|  588,000
|  980 000
|  980,000
|46.5
|46.5
|17.4
|17.4
Line 707: Line 707:
|-
|-
|1989
|1989
|  1 610 000
|  1,610,000
|  596 000
|  596,000
|  1 014 000
|  1,014,000
|46.3
|46.3
|17.1
|17.1
Line 718: Line 718:
|-
|-
|1990
|1990
|  1 652 000
|  1,652,000
|  604 000
|  604,000
|  1 047 000
|  1,047,000
|46.0
|46.0
|16.8
|16.8
Line 729: Line 729:
|-
|-
|1991
|1991
|  1 713 000
|  1,713,000
|  617 000
|  617,000
|  1 097 000
|  1,097,000
|46.1
|46.1
|16.6
|16.6
Line 740: Line 740:
|-
|-
|1992
|1992
|  1 761 000
|  1,761,000
|  629 000
|  629,000
|  1 132 000
|  1,132,000
|45.9
|45.9
|16.4
|16.4
Line 751: Line 751:
|-
|-
|1993
|1993
|  1 804 000
|  1,804,000
|  638 000
|  638,000
|  1 165 000
|  1,165,000
|45.7
|45.7
|16.2
|16.2
Line 762: Line 762:
|-
|-
|1994
|1994
|  1 878 000
|  1,878,000
|  653 000
|  653,000
|  1 225 000
|  1,225,000
|45.9
|45.9
|16.0
|16.0
Line 773: Line 773:
|-
|-
|1995
|1995
|  2 046 000
|  2,046,000
|  682 000
|  682,000
|  1 364 000
|  1,364,000
|47.1
|47.1
|15.7
|15.7
Line 784: Line 784:
|-
|-
|1996
|1996
|  2 083 000
|  2,083,000
|  730 000
|  730,000
|  1 353 000
|  1,353,000
|46.8
|46.8
|16.4
|16.4
Line 795: Line 795:
|-
|-
|1997
|1997
|  2 067 000
|  2,067,000
|  707 000
|  707,000
|  1 360 000
|  1,360,000
|45.8
|45.8
|15.7
|15.7
Line 806: Line 806:
|-
|-
|1998
|1998
|  2 071 000
|  2,071,000
|  729 000
|  729,000
|  1 342 000
|  1,342,000
|45.1
|45.1
|15.9
|15.9
Line 817: Line 817:
|-
|-
|1999
|1999
|  2 128 000
|  2,128,000
|  739 000
|  739,000
|  1 389 000
|  1,389,000
|45.0
|45.0
|15.6
|15.6
Line 828: Line 828:
|-
|-
|2000
|2000
|  2 189 000
|  2,189,000
|  712 000
|  712,000
|  1 477 000
|  1,477,000
|45.0
|45.0
|14.6
|14.6
Line 839: Line 839:
|-
|-
|2001
|2001
|  2 245 000
|  2,245,000
|  721 000
|  721,000
|  1 525 000
|  1,525,000
|44.8
|44.8
|14.4
|14.4
Line 850: Line 850:
|-
|-
|2002
|2002
|  2 310 000
|  2,310,000
|  733 000
|  733,000
|  1 577 000
|  1,577,000
|44.7
|44.7
|14.2
|14.2
Line 861: Line 861:
|-
|-
|2003
|2003
|  2 372 000
|  2,372,000
|  738 000
|  738,000
|  1 634 000
|  1,634,000
|44.5
|44.5
|13.9
|13.9
Line 872: Line 872:
|-
|-
|2004
|2004
|  2 426 000
|  2,426,000
|  738 000
|  738,000
|  1 688 000
|  1,688,000
|44.3
|44.3
|13.5
|13.5
Line 883: Line 883:
|-
|-
|2005
|2005
|  2 499 000
|  2,499,000
|  743 000
|  743,000
|  1 757 000
|  1,757,000
|44.2
|44.2
|13.1
|13.1
Line 894: Line 894:
|-
|-
|2006
|2006
|  2 592 000
|  2,592,000
|  746 000
|  746,000
|  1 846 000
|  1,846,000
|44.4
|44.4
|12.8
|12.8
Line 905: Line 905:
|-
|-
|2007
|2007
|  2 675 000
|  2,675,000
|  756 000
|  756,000
|  1 920 000
|  1,920,000
|44.4
|44.4
|12.5
|12.5
Line 916: Line 916:
|-
|-
|2008
|2008
|  2 767 000
|  2,767,000
|  764 000
|  764,000
|  2 003 000
|  2,003,000
|44.4
|44.4
|12.3
|12.3
Line 927: Line 927:
|-
|-
|2009
|2009
|  2 867 000
|  2,867,000
|  771 000
|  771,000
|  2 096 000
|  2,096,000
|44.6
|44.6
|12.0
|12.0
Line 938: Line 938:
|-
|-
|2010
|2010
|  2 957 000
|  2,957,000
|  774 000
|  774,000
|  2 183 000
|  2,183,000
|44.5
|44.5
|11.7
|11.7
Line 949: Line 949:
|-
|-
|2011
|2011
|  3 069 000
|  3,069,000
|  776 000
|  776,000
|  2 293 000
|  2,293,000
|44.7
|44.7
|11.3
|11.3
Line 960: Line 960:
|-
|-
|2012
|2012
|  3 171 000
|  3,171,000
|  793 000
|  793,000
|  2 378 000
|  2,378,000
|44.6
|44.6
|11.2
|11.2
|style="color:blue" |33.5
|33.5
|6.56
|6.56
|68.0
|68.0
Line 971: Line 971:
|-
|-
|2013
|2013
|  3 247 000
|  3,247,000
|  797 000
|  797,000
|  2 450 000
|  2,450,000
|44.2
|44.2
|10.9
|10.9
Line 982: Line 982:
|-
|-
|2014
|2014
|  3 345 000
|  3,345,000
|  802 000
|  802,000
|  2 543 000
|  2,543,000
|44.0
|44.0
|10.6
|10.6
Line 993: Line 993:
|-
|-
|2015
|2015
|  3 433 000
|  3,433,000
|  818 000
|  818,000
|  2 615 000
|  2,615,000
|43.6
|43.6
|10.4
|10.4
Line 1,004: Line 1,004:
|-
|-
|2016
|2016
|  3 532 000
|  3,532,000
|  820 000
|  820,000
|  2 712 000
|  2,712,000
|43.4
|43.4
|10.1
|10.1
Line 1,015: Line 1,015:
|-
|-
|2017
|2017
|  3 647 000
|  3,647,000
|  832 000
|  832,000
|  2 815 000
|  2,815,000
|43.3
|43.3
|9.9
|9.9
Line 1,026: Line 1,026:
|-
|-
|2018
|2018
|  3 748 000
|  3,748,000
|  835 000
|  835,000
|  2 913 000
|  2,913,000
|43.0
|43.0
|9.6
|9.6
Line 1,037: Line 1,037:
|-
|-
|2019
|2019
|  3 839 000
|  3,839,000
|  844 000
|  844,000
|  2 995 000
|  2,995,000
|42.7
|42.7
|style="color:blue" |9.4
|9.4
|33.3
|33.3
|6.25
|6.25
Line 1,048: Line 1,048:
|-
|-
|2020
|2020
|  3 930 000
|  3,930,000
|  886 000
|  886,000
|  3 044 000
|  3,044,000
|42.3
|42.3
|9.5
|9.5
Line 1,059: Line 1,059:
|-
|-
|2021
|2021
|  4 035 000
|  4,035,000
|  931 000
|  931,000
|  3 104 000
|  3,104,000
|42.0
|style="color:red"|42.0
|9.7
|9.7
|32.3
|32.3
Line 1,138: Line 1,138:


=== Life expectancy ===
=== Life expectancy ===
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Congo, DR -diff.png|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy at birth]] in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[File:Life expectancy in DR Congo.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in DR Congo since 1950]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Congo, DR -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1960 by gender]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Period
Line 1,182: Line 1,184:
|{{increase}} 58.10
|{{increase}} 58.10
|}
|}
{{clear}}


==Ethnic groups==
==Ethnic groups==
{{See also|Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{See also|Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
More than 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named, of which the majority are [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]. The four largest groups - [[Mongo people|Mongo]], [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Kongo people|Kongo]] (all [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]), and the [[Mangbetu people|Mangbetu]]-[[Zande people|Azande]] collectively make up about 45% of the population. 5,000 people from [[Belgium]] and 5,000 people from [[Greece]] currently live in [[DR Congo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausgreeknet.com/greeksaroundtheglobe.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619165420/http://www.ausgreeknet.com/greeksaroundtheglobe.htm|archive-date = 2006-06-19|title = Greeks Around the Globe}}</ref>


[[File:Mongo family in Equateur Province.jpg|thumb|250px|A family from the [[Mongo people|Mongo ethnic group]].]]
⚫
[[Bantu peoples]] (80%):
:[[Luba people|Luba]] (18%), [[Mongo people|Mongo]] (17%), [[Kongo people|Kongo]] (12%){{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
⚫
:Others:{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, [[Bangala language|Bangala]], Bango, Bapindi, Batsamba, Bazombe, [[Bemba people|Bemba]], [[Bembe people|Bembe]], Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, [[Furiiru people|Fuliru]], [[Havu]], [[Hema people|Hema]], [[Hima people|Hima]], [[Hunde language|Hunde]], Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, [[Kuba people|Kuba]], Kumu, Kwango, [[Lengola]], [[Kele people (Congo)|Lokele]],[[Lunda people|Lunda]], Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, [[Mbole people|Mbole]], Mbuza (Budja), [[Nande]], Ngoli, Bangoli, [[Ngombe language (Congo)|Ngombe]], Nkumu, [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], [[Pende people|Pende]], Popoi, [[Poto dialect|Poto]], [[Sango language|Sango]], Shi, Songo, Sukus, [[Lungu people|Tabwa]], [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]], [[Téké]], [[Tembo (Kitembo) language|Tembo]], [[Tetela people|Tetela]], Topoke, Ungana, [[Vira people|Vira]], Wakuti, [[Yaka people|Yaka]], [[Yakoma people|Yakoma]], [[Yansi people|Yanzi]], Yéké, Yela etc.


Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]]. These ethnic groups are from the [[Bantu languages|Bantu]], [[Sudanic languages|Sudanic]], [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]], [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] and [[Classification of Pygmy languages|Pygmy]] linguistic groups. Because of this diversity, there is no dominant ethnic group in Congo, however the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis &#124; Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/democratic-republic-congo-crisis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513223749/https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/democratic-republic-congo-crisis |archive-date=13 May 2021 |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>
⚫
[[Central Sudanic]]/[[Ubangian]] :
[[File:DRC_Ethnic_Groups.png|thumb|245x245px|Breakdown of the largest ethnic groups in DRC]]
⚫
:[[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]], [[M'Baka people|Ngbaka]], Manvu, Mbunja, [[Moru people|Moru]]-[[Mangbetu people|Mangbetu]], [[Zande people|Zande]], [[Lugbara people|Lugbara]]
- [[Luba-Kasai language|Luba-Kasaï]]

- [[Kongo people|Kongo]]

- [[Mongo people|Mongo]]

- [[Luba-Katanga language|Lubakat]]

- [[Lulua people|Lulua]]

- [[Tetela people|Tetela]]

- [[Nande language|Nande]]

- [[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]]

- [[Ngombe language|Ngombe]]

- [[Yaka people|Yaka]]

- [[Ngbaka languages|Ngbaka]]


See below for a more detailed list of Congolese ethnic groups.

⚫
[[Bantu peoples]]:
⚫
:Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, [[Bangala language|Bangala]], Bango, Bapindi, Batsamba, Bazombe, [[Bemba people|Bemba]], [[Bembe people|Bembe]], Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, [[Furiiru people|Fuliru]], [[Havu]], [[Hema people|Hema]], [[Hima people|Hima]], [[Hunde language|Hunde]], Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, [[Kongo people|Kongo]], [[Kuba people|Kuba]], Kumu, Kwango, [[Lengola]], [[Kele people (Congo)|Lokele]], [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Lunda people|Lunda]], Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, [[Mbole people|Mbole]], Mbuza (Budja), [[Mongo people|Mongo]], [[Nande]], Ngoli, Bangoli, [[Ngombe language (Congo)|Ngombe]], Nkumu, [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], [[Pende people|Pende]], Popoi, [[Poto dialect|Poto]], [[Sango language|Sango]], Shi, [[Nyindu people|Nyindu]], Songo, Sukus, [[Lungu people|Tabwa]], [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]], [[Téké]], [[Tembo (Kitembo) language|Tembo]], [[Tetela people|Tetela]], Topoke, Ungana, [[Vira people|Vira]], Wakuti, [[Yaka people|Yaka]], [[Yakoma people|Yakoma]], [[Yansi people|Yanzi]], Yéké, Yela, etc.

⚫
[[Central Sudanic]]:
⚫
:Manvu, Mbunja, [[Moru people|Moru]]-[[Mangbetu people|Mangbetu]], [[Lugbara people|Lugbara]]


[[Nilotic peoples]] :
[[Nilotic peoples]] :
:[[Alur people|Alur]], [[Kakwa people|Kakwa]], [[Bari people|Bari]], [[Logo people|Logo]]
:[[Alur people|Alur]], [[Bari people|Bari]], [[Kakwa people|Kakwa]], [[Logo people|Logo]]
[[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]]:

[[Azande people|Azande]], [[Banda people|Banda]], [[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]], [[Ngbaka Minagende language|Ngbaka]]


[[Pygmy peoples]] :
[[Pygmy peoples]] :
Line 1,205: Line 1,236:
{{Main|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Main|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}


The four major languages in the DRC are [[French language|French]] (official, from [[Belgian Congo|colonization]]), [[Lingala]] (a [[lingua franca]], or trade language), [[Kingwana language|Kingwana]] (a dialect of [[Swahili language|Swahili]]), [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], and [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]]. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.
The four major languages in the DRC are [[French language|French]] (official), [[Lingala]] (a [[lingua franca]], or trade language), [[Kingwana language|Kingwana]] (a dialect of [[Swahili language|Swahili]]), [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], and [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]]. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.


French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.
French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.


==Religions==
==Religions==
[[File:Assemblée Chrétienne de Yakusu.jpg|thumb|Christian church in Kisangani]]
A survey conducted by the [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, [[Kimbanguism]], was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.<ref name="DHS 2013-14">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317092838/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-17 |url-status=live|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014|publisher=Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique|language=fr|page=36|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref>
A survey conducted by the [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, [[Kimbanguism]], was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.<ref name="DHS 2013-14">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317092838/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-17 |url-status=live|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014|publisher=Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique|language=fr|page=36|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref>


Line 1,254: Line 1,286:


===Median age===
===Median age===
[[File:Kongo people2.jpg|thumb|[[Kongo people|Kongo]] youth and adults in [[Kinshasa]]]]
[[File:Photo of the Day, 17 February 2014 (12589890963).jpg|thumb|Amani festival in [[Goma]]]]
[[File:Cecilia and her family.jpg|thumb|Family in Rutshuru, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
:total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
:total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
:male: 16.5 years
:male: 16.5 years
Line 1,271: Line 1,306:


===[[Total fertility rate]]===
===[[Total fertility rate]]===
:5.56 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
:5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
:5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
:5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)
:5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)
Line 1,297: Line 1,333:
Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.<ref name="IOMProfile"/>
Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.<ref name="IOMProfile"/>


According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], the number of [[immigration|immigrants]] in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the [[informal economy]] in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.<ref name="IOMProfile">{{Cite web|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009|year=2009|access-date=2010-08-17}}</ref>
According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], the number of [[immigration|immigrants]] in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the [[informal economy]] in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.<ref name="IOMProfile">{{Cite web|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009|year=2009|access-date=2010-08-17|archive-date=2011-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511092512/http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within [[Africa]] and to a lesser extent in [[Europe]]; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including [[South Africa]] and various points en route to Europe.<ref name="IOMProfile"/>
Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within [[Africa]] and to a lesser extent in [[Europe]]; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including [[South Africa]] and various points en route to Europe.<ref name="IOMProfile"/>
Line 1,330: Line 1,366:
:total population: 56.93 years
:total population: 56.93 years
:male: 55.39 years
:male: 55.39 years
:female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ CIA "The World Factbook": DR Congo 2015.] Retrieved January 13, 2016.</ref>
:female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)<ref>{{Citation|title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the|date=2015|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=January 13, 2016}}</ref>


===Urbanization===
===Urbanization===
Line 1,373: Line 1,409:
== Congolese diaspora ==
== Congolese diaspora ==
{{Update|date=August 2016}}
{{Update|date=August 2016}}
The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).<ref>[https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions Flahaux M.-L. and Schoumaker B. (2016), Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions, Migration Policy Institute] Retrieved January 20, 2018.</ref>
The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Schoumaker|first1=Marie-Laurence|last2=Flahaux|first2=Bruno|date=2016-04-19|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions|access-date=2023-02-06|website=Migration Policy Institute|language=en}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

Revision as of 13:49, 7 April 2024

Demographics of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020
Population95,894,118 (2021 est.)
Growth rate3.14% (2022 est.)
Birth rate40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy61.83 years
 • male60.03 years
 • female63.69 years
Fertility rate5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate60.85 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years46.38%
65 and over2.47%
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.01 male(s)/female
65 and over0.6 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityCongolese
Language
OfficialFrench
Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.

Demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo include ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named.[1] The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Kongo.

Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French, and the intermediary languages Kikongo ya leta, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.

Population

Historical population of the DR Congo

The CIA World Factbook estimated the population to be over 105 million as of 2022 (the exact number being 108,407,721), now exceeding that of Vietnam (with 98,721,275 inhabitants as of 2020) and ascending the country to the rank of 14th most populous in the world.[2] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 46.38%, 51.15% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.47% was 65 years or older.[2][3]

Total population[2] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 12 184 000 43.7 52.5 3.8
1955 13 580 000 43.8 53.1 3.1
1960 15 368 000 43.8 53.3 2.9
1965 17 543 000 43.9 53.2 2.8
1970 20 267 000 44.4 52.8 2.8
1975 23 317 000 44.9 52.3 2.8
1980 27 019 000 45.4 51.8 2.8
1985 31 044 000 46.1 51.1 2.8
1990 36 406 000 47.0 50.2 2.8
1995 44 067 000 47.9 49.4 2.7
2000 49 626 000 48.0 49.4 2.7
2005 57 421 000 47.5 49.9 2.7
2010 65 966 000 46.3 51.1 2.7
2020 101 780 263 46.4 51.2 2.5

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.) (Provisional.):[4]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 50 286 000 51 472 000 101 758 000 100
0–4 9 956 000 9 780 000 19 736 000 19.40
5–9 8 046 000 7 978 000 16 024 000 15.75
10–14 6 638 000 6 588 000 13 226 000 13.00
15–19 5 280 000 5 250 000 10 530 000 10.35
20–24 4 224 000 4 272 000 8 496 000 8.35
25–29 3 621 000 3 603 000 7 224 000 7.10
30–34 3 017 000 3 037 000 6 054 000 5.95
35–39 2 565 000 2 728 000 5 293 000 5.20
40–44 2 011 000 2 059 000 4 070 000 4.00
45–49 1 307 000 1 493 000 2 800 000 2.75
50–54 1 056 000 1 287 000 2 343 000 2.30
55–59 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
60–64 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
65-69 553 000 721 000 1 274 000 1.25
70-74 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
75+ 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 24 640 000 24 346 000 48 986 000 48.14
15–64 24 489 000 25 581 000 50 070 000 49.20
65+ 1 157 000 1 545 000 2 702 000 2.66

Census

The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.[5]

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [6]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
1950   566,000   326,000   239,000 46.0 26.6 19.5 5.97 179.9 38.31
1951   579,000   328,000   251,000 46.1 26.2 20.0 5.97 178.5 38.44
1952   592,000   327,000   264,000 46.2 25.6 20.6 5.97 175.8 38.85
1953   607,000   329,000   278,000 46.4 25.1 21.2 5.98 173.3 39.14
1954   619,000   330,000   289,000 46.3 24.7 21.6 5.98 171.0 39.47
1955   632,000   333,000   299,000 46.3 24.4 21.9 5.98 168.8 39.72
1956   646,000   336,000   311,000 46.4 24.1 22.3 5.99 166.7 39.98
1957   663,000   338,000   325,000 46.5 23.7 22.8 6.01 164.7 40.32
1958   681,000   343,000   338,000 46.7 23.5 23.2 6.04 162.9 40.50
1959   698,000   348,000   349,000 46.8 23.4 23.4 6.07 161.2 40.64
1960   716,000   354,000   362,000 46.9 23.2 23.7 6.08 159.8 40.86
1961   738,000   370,000   368,000 47.1 23.6 23.5 6.11 159.6 40.24
1962   761,000   378,000   383,000 47.4 23.5 23.8 6.13 158.1 40.34
1963   785,000   385,000   400,000 47.5 23.3 24.2 6.16 156.5 40.60
1964   808,000   403,000   406,000 47.7 23.8 24.0 6.18 155.7 40.05
1965   833,000   404,000   429,000 47.9 23.2 24.7 6.21 153.1 40.70
1966   859,000   397,000   462,000 47.9 22.1 25.8 6.24 149.5 42.05
1967   885,000   405,000   480,000 48.0 21.9 26.0 6.27 147.3 42.31
1968   910,000   411,000   500,000 47.9 21.6 26.3 6.30 145.1 42.71
1969   935,000   418,000   517,000 47.8 21.4 26.4 6.32 142.7 42.98
1970   959,000   425,000   534,000 47.6 21.1 26.5 6.34 140.5 43.28
1971   985,000   431,000   554,000 47.5 20.8 26.8 6.38 138.3 43.66
1972   1,006,000   437,000   569,000 47.3 20.5 26.8 6.40 136.4 43.93
1973   1,026,000   445,000   582,000 47.0 20.4 26.6 6.41 134.7 44.10
1974   1,047,000   451,000   597,000 46.7 20.1 26.6 6.42 133.3 44.41
1975   1,070,000   460,000   610,000 46.4 20.0 26.4 6.42 132.1 44.47
1976   1,091,000   468,000   623,000 46.1 19.8 26.3 6.43 130.9 44.66
1977   1,111,000   476,000   634,000 45.8 19.6 26.1 6.43 129.8 44.76
1978   1,134,000   491,000   643,000 45.6 19.7 25.8 6.44 129.1 44.54
1979   1,184,000   496,000   688,000 45.9 19.2 26.7 6.46 126.9 45.21
1980   1,227,000   507,000   720,000 46.0 19.0 27.0 6.47 125.1 45.47
1981   1,260,000   517,000   744,000 45.9 18.8 27.1 6.49 123.5 45.72
1982   1,293,000   526,000   766,000 45.8 18.6 27.2 6.50 121.9 45.92
1983   1,333,000   535,000   798,000 45.9 18.5 27.5 6.55 120.3 46.18
1984   1,377,000   545,000   832,000 46.2 18.3 27.9 6.60 118.7 46.45
1985   1,433,000   559,000   873,000 46.5 18.2 28.4 6.65 117.4 46.62
1986   1,480,000   571,000   910,000 46.7 18.0 28.7 6.69 116.1 46.91
1987   1,529,000   579,000   950,000 46.8 17.7 29.1 6.74 114.9 47.34
1988   1,568,000   588,000   980,000 46.5 17.4 29.1 6.73 113.7 47.77
1989   1,610,000   596,000   1,014,000 46.3 17.1 29.1 6.74 112.6 48.17
1990   1,652,000   604,000   1,047,000 46.0 16.8 29.2 6.70 111.3 48.60
1991   1,713,000   617,000   1,097,000 46.1 16.6 29.5 6.69 110.1 48.95
1992   1,761,000   629,000   1,132,000 45.9 16.4 29.5 6.67 108.9 49.24
1993   1,804,000   638,000   1,165,000 45.7 16.2 29.5 6.64 108.1 49.55
1994   1,878,000   653,000   1,225,000 45.9 16.0 29.9 6.67 107.0 49.88
1995   2,046,000   682,000   1,364,000 47.1 15.7 31.4 6.71 105.7 50.41
1996   2,083,000   730,000   1,353,000 46.8 16.4 30.4 6.72 106.4 49.31
1997   2,067,000   707,000   1,360,000 45.8 15.7 30.2 6.73 103.7 50.40
1998   2,071,000   729,000   1,342,000 45.1 15.9 29.2 6.73 101.5 49.70
1999   2,128,000   739,000   1,389,000 45.0 15.6 29.4 6.72 99.5 49.95
2000   2,189,000   712,000   1,477,000 45.0 14.6 30.4 6.72 97.3 51.78
2001   2,245,000   721,000   1,525,000 44.8 14.4 30.4 6.70 95.0 52.12
2002   2,310,000   733,000   1,577,000 44.7 14.2 30.5 6.67 92.6 52.33
2003   2,372,000   738,000   1,634,000 44.5 13.9 30.7 6.64 89.9 52.83
2004   2,426,000   738,000   1,688,000 44.3 13.5 30.8 6.62 87.2 53.43
2005   2,499,000   743,000   1,757,000 44.2 13.1 31.1 6.60 84.6 53.93
2006   2,592,000   746,000   1,846,000 44.4 12.8 31.6 6.59 82.0 54.53
2007   2,675,000   756,000   1,920,000 44.4 12.5 31.8 6.58 79.4 54.92
2008   2,767,000   764,000   2,003,000 44.4 12.3 32.2 6.58 77.0 55.34
2009   2,867,000   771,000   2,096,000 44.6 12.0 32.6 6.59 74.5 55.84
2010   2,957,000   774,000   2,183,000 44.5 11.7 32.9 6.59 72.2 56.42
2011   3,069,000   776,000   2,293,000 44.7 11.3 33.4 6.58 70.0 57.07
2012   3,171,000   793,000   2,378,000 44.6 11.2 33.5 6.56 68.0 57.25
2013   3,247,000   797,000   2,450,000 44.2 10.9 33.4 6.53 65.9 57.76
2014   3,345,000   802,000   2,543,000 44.0 10.6 33.4 6.48 64.0 58.30
2015   3,433,000   818,000   2,615,000 43.6 10.4 33.2 6.44 62.2 58.49
2016   3,532,000   820,000   2,712,000 43.4 10.1 33.3 6.39 60.4 59.07
2017   3,647,000   832,000   2,815,000 43.3 9.9 33.4 6.35 58.6 59.41
2018   3,748,000   835,000   2,913,000 43.0 9.6 33.4 6.30 56.9 59.94
2019   3,839,000   844,000   2,995,000 42.7 9.4 33.3 6.25 55.5 60.28
2020   3,930,000   886,000   3,044,000 42.3 9.5 32.8 6.21 53.9 59.74
2021   4,035,000   931,000   3,104,000 42.0 9.7 32.3 6.16 52.3 59.19
*CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:[7]

The Wanted Fertility Rate is an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided.[8]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2007 44,1 6,3 (5,6) 40,4 5,4 (4,8) 46,8 7,0 (6,2)
2013-14 44,1 6,6 (5,7) 40,5 5,4 (4,6) 45,9 7,3 (6,5)

Fertility data per province, as of 2014:[9]

Province Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Kinshasa 4.2 5.7 4.8
Bas-Congo 6.0 12.6 6.5
Bandundu 6.3 12.1 6.1
Équateur 7.0 14.3 6.5
Orientale 5.9 11.6 5.3
Nord-Kivu 6.5 9.7 6.7
Sud-Kivu 7.7 12.5 7.4
Maniema 6.9 14.8 7.0
Katanga 7.8 12.8 7.3
Kasaï Oriental 7.3 12.4 7.5
Kasaï Occidental 8.2 14.2 7.5

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1950
Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years[10]
1950–1955 39.06
1955–1960 Increase 40.55
1960–1965 Increase 41.63
1965–1970 Increase 42.99
1970–1975 Increase 44.77
1975–1980 Increase 45.63
1980–1985 Increase 47.13
1985–1990 Increase 48.25
1990–1995 Increase 49.59
1995–2000 Decrease 48.89
2000–2005 Increase 51.84
2005–2010 Increase 55.48
2010–2015 Increase 58.10

Ethnic groups

See also: Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the Democratic Republic of Congo. These ethnic groups are from the Bantu, Sudanic, Nilotic, Ubangian and Pygmy linguistic groups. Because of this diversity, there is no dominant ethnic group in Congo, however the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:[11]

Breakdown of the largest ethnic groups in DRC

- Luba-Kasaï

- Kongo

- Mongo

- Lubakat

- Lulua

- Tetela

- Nande

- Ngbandi

- Ngombe

- Yaka

- Ngbaka


See below for a more detailed list of Congolese ethnic groups.

Bantu peoples:

Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, Bangala, Bango, Bapindi, Batsamba, Bazombe, Bemba, Bembe, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, Fuliru, Havu, Hema, Hima, Hunde, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kongo, Kuba, Kumu, Kwango, Lengola, Lokele, Luba, Lunda, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, Mbole, Mbuza (Budja), Mongo, Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu, Nyanga, Pende, Popoi, Poto, Sango, Shi, Nyindu, Songo, Sukus, Tabwa, Chokwe, Téké, Tembo, Tetela, Topoke, Ungana, Vira, Wakuti, Yaka, Yakoma, Yanzi, Yéké, Yela, etc.

Central Sudanic:

Manvu, Mbunja, Moru-Mangbetu, Lugbara

Nilotic peoples :

Alur, Bari, Kakwa, Logo

Ubangian:

Azande, Banda, Ngbandi, Ngbaka

Pygmy peoples :

Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga

More than 600,000 pygmies (around 1% of the total population) are believed to live in DR Congo, mainly in forests, where they survive by hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.[12]

Languages

Main article: Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The four major languages in the DRC are French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca, or trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Swahili), Kikongo ya leta, and Tshiluba. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.

French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.

Religions

Christian church in Kisangani

A survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.[13]

Another estimate (by the Pew Research Center in 2010) found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population.[14]

The CIA The World Factbook gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Other Christian 36.5%, Islam 1.3%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 2.7%.[15]

The Joshua Project, a Christian missionary organisation, gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 24.8%, Other Christian 23.7%, Muslim 1.6%, Non-religious 0.6%, Hindu 0.1% other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 5.3%.[16]

Other demographic statistics

Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates
Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020

These are some other demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[17]

  • One birth every 9 seconds
  • One death every 38 seconds
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 11 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[18]

Population

108,407,721 (2022 est.)
85,281,024 (July 2018 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and gender than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 46.38% (male 23,757,297/female 23,449,057)
15-24 years: 19.42% (male 9,908,686/female 9,856,841)
25-54 years: 28.38% (male 14,459,453/female 14,422,912)
55-64 years: 3.36% (male 1,647,267/female 1,769,429)
65 years and over: 2.47% (male 1,085,539/female 1,423,782) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 41.25% (male 17,735,697 /female 17,446,866)
15-24 years: 21.46% (male 9,184,871 /female 9,117,462)
25-54 years: 30.96% (male 13,176,714 /female 13,225,429)
55-64 years: 3.63% (male 1,472,758 /female 1,625,637)
65 years and over: 2.69% (male 974,293 /female 1,321,297) (2018 est.)

Median age

Kongo youth and adults in Kinshasa
Amani festival in Goma
Family in Rutshuru, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
male: 16.5 years
female: 16.8 years (2020 est.)
total: 18.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
male: 18.6 years
female: 19 years (2018 est.)

Birth rate

40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th
40.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Death rate

7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 95th
9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.56 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

3.14% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 9th
2.33% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st
2.42% (2016)

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.9 years (2013/14 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate

28.1% (2017/18)
20.4% (2013/14)

Net migration rate

-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 131st
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th
-0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population

note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2011 est.)

Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data however evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants in spite of recent declines. Immigration is seen to be very diverse in nature, with refugees and asylum-seekers - products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region - constituting an important subset of the population in the country.[19]

Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.[19]

According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.[19]

Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including South Africa and various points en route to Europe.[19]

In addition to being a host country, the DRC has also produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of which were living in other African countries.[19]

Religions

Roman Catholic (55.8%), Other Christian (39.1%), Folk religion (2.5%), Islam (2.1%), None (0.5%)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 97.5 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 91.5 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 16.8 (2015 est.)

Gender ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 61.83 years. Country comparison to the world: 216th
male: 60.03 years
female: 63.69 years (2022 est.)
total population: 58.1 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 213rd
male: 56.5 years (2018 est.)
female: 59.7 years (2018 est.)
total population: 56.93 years
male: 55.39 years
female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)[20]

Urbanization

urban population: 46.8% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 44.5% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 390,000 (2017 est.)
Deaths: 17,000 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and ebola.
Vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005)

Nationality

Noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Congolese or Congo

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba
Total population: 77%
Male: 88.5%
Female: 66.5% (2016 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years (2013)
male: 11 years (2013)
female: 9 years (2013)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 8.7% (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th
male: 11.3% (2012 est.)
female: 6.8% (2012 est.)

Congolese diaspora

The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).[21]

Rank Country Region Year DRC born population
1  France Europe 2010 59,641
2  Belgium Europe 2015 44,715
3  Canada North America 2021 39,475[22]
4  United States North America 2011-13 20,410
5  Great Britain Europe 2011 19,193
6  Germany Europe 2011 (foreign citizens) 9,299
7   Switzerland Europe 2011 6,724
8  Italy Europe 2015 6,010
9  Netherlands Europe 2015 4,973
10  Sweden Europe 2015 3,092
11  Australia Oceania 2011 2,576
12  Norway Europe 2015 2,210
13  Brazil South America 2020 2,064
14  Spain Europe 2013 1,494
15  Finland Europe 2015 1,523
16  Denmark Europe 2015 1,264
17  Austria Europe 2015 1,258

These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries. Among African countries, Congo's diaspora is second only to Nigeria in size.[citation needed]

See also

Congolese ethnic groups:

Other articles

References

  1. ^ "Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  2. ^ a b c "Congo, Democratic Republic of the". 18 April 2022.
  3. ^ Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  5. ^ "Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires" (PDF).
  6. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB)" (xlsx). United Nations Population Division. tab "Estimates". Retrieved 2022-07-13. (found under: World Population Prospects 2022 – Download Files)
  7. ^ "Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007". microdata.worldbank.org.
  8. ^ "Fertility and wanted fertility". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  9. ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-17.
  10. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  11. ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  12. ^ "BBC NEWS - Africa - DR Congo pygmies 'exterminated'". news.bbc.co.uk. 6 July 2004.
  13. ^ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014" (PDF) (in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  14. ^ "Global Religious Landscape". Pew Forum. 18 December 2012.
  15. ^ "Africa :: CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE". CIA The World Factbook. 18 April 2022.
  16. ^ "Joshua Project - Congo, Democratic Republic of - Religions".
  17. ^ "DR Congo Population 2022", World Population Review
  18. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook - Congo, Democratic Republic of the", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
  19. ^ a b c d e "Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009". International Organization for Migration. 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  20. ^ "Congo, Democratic Republic of the", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2015, retrieved January 13, 2016
  21. ^ Schoumaker, Marie-Laurence; Flahaux, Bruno (2016-04-19). "Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  22. ^ "Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth and citizenship: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2023.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2007 edition.)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=1217723403"