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{{Short description|Anonymous Latin prose history of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar}} |
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[[File:Gesta Roderici Campidocti.jpg|thumb|''Historia Roderici'', ms. 9/4922, [[Real Academia de la Historia]], f. 75r.º]] |
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The '''''Historia Roderici''''' ("History of Rodrigo"), originally '''''Gesta Roderici Campi Docti''''' ("Deeds of Rodrigo el Campeador") and sometimes in Spanish '''''Crónica latina del Cid''''' ("Latin Chronicle of the Cid"), is an anonymous [[Medieval Latin|Latin]] prose history of the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] |
The '''''Historia Roderici''''' ("History of Rodrigo"), originally '''''Gesta Roderici Campi Docti''''' ("Deeds of Rodrigo el Campeador") and sometimes in Spanish '''''Crónica latina del Cid''''' ("Latin Chronicle of the Cid"), is an anonymous [[Medieval Latin|Latin]] prose history of the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] warrior [[El Cid|Rodrigo Díaz]], better known as El Cid Campeador. |
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It is generally written in a simple, unadorned Latin by an author who reveals no knowledge of a wide reading; his only reference to other literature is a [[Christian Bible|Biblical]] reminiscence in chapter 28.<ref>So unadorned—"bleak" in the words of Fletcher, 94—is the ''Historia'' that only one figure of speech (a simile, "still as a stone") is ever used, twice.</ref> |
It is generally written in a simple, unadorned Latin by an author who reveals no knowledge of a wide reading; his only reference to other literature is a [[Christian Bible|Biblical]] reminiscence in chapter 28.<ref>So unadorned—"bleak" in the words of Fletcher, 94—is the ''Historia'' that only one figure of speech (a simile, "still as a stone") is ever used, twice.</ref> |
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Modern editors have divided the work into seventy-seven chapters (not in the original). The author apparently knew little of Rodrigo's life before his marriage to [[Jimena Díaz|Jimena]], and the whole of it is narrated in the first six chapters. The details of Rodrigo's career leading up to and including his exile in [[Zaragoza]] (1081–86) are related with more confidence (chapters 7–24). The period of Rodrigo's return to the court of [[Alfonso VI of León]] and to Castile (1086–88) are passed over quickly (chapters 25–27), as are the years 1095–96, during which Rodrigo ruled [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]. The largest portion of the history (chapters 28–64) is devoted to his second exile and conquest of Valencia (1089–95). The final section (chapters 65–75) covers the last two years of Rodrigo's life and a brief epilogue (chapters 76–77) describes the Christian evacuation of Valencia in 1102 under the direction of Jimena. The coverage is by no means even, as the author admits in chapter 27: "Not all the wars and warlike exploits which Rodrigo accomplished with his knights and companions are written in this book."<ref>Fletcher, 94.</ref> |
Modern editors have divided the work into seventy-seven chapters (not in the original). The author apparently knew little of Rodrigo's life before his marriage to [[Jimena Díaz|Jimena]], and the whole of it is narrated in the first six chapters. The details of Rodrigo's career leading up to and including his exile in [[Zaragoza]] (1081–86) are related with more confidence (chapters 7–24). The period of Rodrigo's return to the court of [[Alfonso VI of León]] and to Castile (1086–88) are passed over quickly (chapters 25–27), as are the years 1095–96, during which Rodrigo ruled [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]. The largest portion of the history (chapters 28–64) is devoted to his second exile and conquest of Valencia (1089–95). The final section (chapters 65–75) covers the last two years of Rodrigo's life and a brief epilogue (chapters 76–77) describes the Christian evacuation of Valencia in 1102 under the direction of Jimena. The coverage is by no means even, as the author admits in chapter 27: "Not all the wars and warlike exploits which Rodrigo accomplished with his knights and companions are written in this book."<ref>Fletcher, 94.</ref> |
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The earliest preserved manuscript of the work dates to the first half of the thirteenth century. It was found in the late eighteenth century in [[Basilica of San Isidoro|San Isidoro]] in [[León, León|León]], but was probably originally copied in Castile or [[La Rioja, Spain|La Rioja]]. It is now MS 9/4922 in the library of the [[Real Academia de la Historia]] in [[Madrid]]. This manuscript contains many examples of early Spanish historiography: [[Isidore of Seville]]'s ''[[Historia Gothorum]]'', [[Julian of Toledo]]'s ''Historia Wambae'', the ''[[Chronicle of Alfonso III]]'', the ''[[Chronica Naierensis]]'', and royal genealogies.<ref>Fletcher, 95.</ref> Several errors in the ''Historia Roderici'' indicate that this manuscript is a copy. Possibly it is the copy mentioned in a document of 1239 as being copied at the priory of [[Carrión]] in 1232/3 from an exemplar of the monastery of [[Nájera]], but this cannot be proved. |
The earliest preserved manuscript of the work dates to the first half of the thirteenth century. It was found in the late eighteenth century in [[Basilica of San Isidoro|San Isidoro]] in [[León, León|León]], but was probably originally copied in Castile or [[La Rioja, Spain|La Rioja]]. It is now MS 9/4922 in the library of the [[Real Academia de la Historia]] in [[Madrid]]. This manuscript contains many examples of early Spanish historiography: [[Isidore of Seville]]'s ''[[Historia Gothorum]]'', [[Julian of Toledo]]'s ''Historia Wambae'', the ''[[Chronicle of Alfonso III]]'', the ''[[Chronica Naierensis]]'', and royal genealogies.<ref>Fletcher, 95.</ref> Several errors in the ''Historia Roderici'' indicate that this manuscript is a copy. Possibly it is the copy mentioned in a document of 1239 as being copied at the {{Interlanguage link multi|priory of San Zoilo|es|3=Monasterio de San Zoilo}} in [[Carrión de los Condes]] in 1232/3 from an exemplar of the monastery of [[Nájera]], but this cannot be proved. |
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[[R. A. Fletcher]] tentatively dates the ''Historia'' to before 1125. In chapter 23, the scribe of the Madrid manuscript put "Súnchez" for the correct patronymic "Sánchez", an orthographic error that may originate in a misreading of [[Visigothic script]].<ref>The text reads ''Ennecus Suggiz de Montecluso'', a reference to [[Íñigo Sánchez de Monclús]], whom the Cid captured at the [[Battle of Morella]] (1084). The spelling ''Suggiz'' is phonetic (with the exception of the u).</ref> The script, once common all over Spain, was disappearing in central Spain by 1125 and was all but extinct there by the 1140s, replaced by the script called ''francesa'' and adopted from France. Since the Visigothic 'a' had an open top, it resembled the French 'u'. The copyist was probably working from a Visigothic original (or faithful copy).<ref>Fletcher, 95–96.</ref> |
[[R. A. Fletcher]] tentatively dates the ''Historia'' to before 1125. In chapter 23, the scribe of the Madrid manuscript put "Súnchez" for the correct patronymic "Sánchez", an orthographic error that may originate in a misreading of [[Visigothic script]].<ref>The text reads ''Ennecus Suggiz de Montecluso'', a reference to [[Íñigo Sánchez de Monclús]], whom the Cid captured at the [[Battle of Morella]] (1084). The spelling ''Suggiz'' is phonetic (with the exception of the u).</ref> The script, once common all over Spain, was disappearing in central Spain by 1125 and was all but extinct there by the 1140s, replaced by the script called ''francesa'' and adopted from France. Since the Visigothic 'a' had an open top, it resembled the French 'u'. The copyist was probably working from a Visigothic original (or faithful copy).<ref>Fletcher, 95–96.</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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==Bibliography== |
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*Barton, Simon. 1997. ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
*Barton, Simon. 1997. ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
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*[[R. A. Fletcher|Fletcher, Richard A.]] 1989. ''The Quest for El Cid''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <small>ISBN |
*[[R. A. Fletcher|Fletcher, Richard A.]] 1989. ''The Quest for El Cid''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <small>{{ISBN|0-394-57447-8}}.</small> |
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*Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. [http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm ''The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109''.] Princeton: Princeton University Press. |
*Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. [http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm ''The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109''.] Princeton: Princeton University Press. |
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==External links== |
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*[https://aymennaltamimi.substack.com/p/the-history-of-el-cid-campeador Online English translation of the ''Historia Roderici''] |
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{{Rodrigo Díaz}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[es:Historia Roderici]] |
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[[Category:El Cid]] |
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[[fr:Historia Roderici]] |
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[[la:Historia Roderici]] |
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[[ru:Деяния Родриго]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:35, 8 April 2024
The Historia Roderici ("History of Rodrigo"), originally Gesta Roderici Campi Docti ("Deeds of Rodrigo el Campeador") and sometimes in Spanish Crónica latina del Cid ("Latin Chronicle of the Cid"), is an anonymous Latin prose history of the Castilian warrior Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid Campeador.
It is generally written in a simple, unadorned Latin by an author who reveals no knowledge of a wide reading; his only reference to other literature is a Biblical reminiscence in chapter 28.[1]
Modern editors have divided the work into seventy-seven chapters (not in the original). The author apparently knew little of Rodrigo's life before his marriage to Jimena, and the whole of it is narrated in the first six chapters. The details of Rodrigo's career leading up to and including his exile in Zaragoza (1081–86) are related with more confidence (chapters 7–24). The period of Rodrigo's return to the court of Alfonso VI of León and to Castile (1086–88) are passed over quickly (chapters 25–27), as are the years 1095–96, during which Rodrigo ruled Valencia. The largest portion of the history (chapters 28–64) is devoted to his second exile and conquest of Valencia (1089–95). The final section (chapters 65–75) covers the last two years of Rodrigo's life and a brief epilogue (chapters 76–77) describes the Christian evacuation of Valencia in 1102 under the direction of Jimena. The coverage is by no means even, as the author admits in chapter 27: "Not all the wars and warlike exploits which Rodrigo accomplished with his knights and companions are written in this book."[2]
The earliest preserved manuscript of the work dates to the first half of the thirteenth century. It was found in the late eighteenth century in San Isidoro in León, but was probably originally copied in Castile or La Rioja. It is now MS 9/4922 in the library of the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid. This manuscript contains many examples of early Spanish historiography: Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, Julian of Toledo's Historia Wambae, the Chronicle of Alfonso III, the Chronica Naierensis, and royal genealogies.[3] Several errors in the Historia Roderici indicate that this manuscript is a copy. Possibly it is the copy mentioned in a document of 1239 as being copied at the priory of San Zoilo in Carrión de los Condes in 1232/3 from an exemplar of the monastery of Nájera, but this cannot be proved.
R. A. Fletcher tentatively dates the Historia to before 1125. In chapter 23, the scribe of the Madrid manuscript put "Súnchez" for the correct patronymic "Sánchez", an orthographic error that may originate in a misreading of Visigothic script.[4] The script, once common all over Spain, was disappearing in central Spain by 1125 and was all but extinct there by the 1140s, replaced by the script called francesa and adopted from France. Since the Visigothic 'a' had an open top, it resembled the French 'u'. The copyist was probably working from a Visigothic original (or faithful copy).[5]
Notes[edit]
- ^ So unadorned—"bleak" in the words of Fletcher, 94—is the Historia that only one figure of speech (a simile, "still as a stone") is ever used, twice.
- ^ Fletcher, 94.
- ^ Fletcher, 95.
- ^ The text reads Ennecus Suggiz de Montecluso, a reference to Íñigo Sánchez de Monclús, whom the Cid captured at the Battle of Morella (1084). The spelling Suggiz is phonetic (with the exception of the u).
- ^ Fletcher, 95–96.
Bibliography[edit]
- Barton, Simon. 1997. The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Fletcher, Richard A. 1989. The Quest for El Cid. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-57447-8.
- Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.