Real Academia de la Historia

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Real Academia de la Historia
logo
founding 1904
Sponsorship state
place Madrid , SpainSpainSpain 
directora María del Carmen Iglesias Cano
Website www.rah.es
Headquarters of the Real Academia de la Historia at the intersection of cal. León, Cal. de las Huertas, Amor de Dios & Santa María, Madrid .

The Real Academia de la Historia de España (German Royal Academy of History ) is a Spanish institution dedicated to studying the history of Spain . The organization is based in Madrid .

history

Real Cédula (Royal Decree) of June 17, 1738, with the approval of the Academy's statutes.

The origins of the Royal Academy of History in 1735 emerged from a scholarly salon , in the home of Julián Hermosilla , an attorney for the Royal Council ( Reales Consejos ), which mainly dealt with historical subjects.

Later the circle of scholars moved to the newly founded Real Biblioteca (Royal Library) and efforts were made to secure the protection of Philip V , who initiated the official establishment of the Real Academia de la Historia by a royal decree of April 18, 1738 and the statutes of the Academy on June 17 of the same year. The decree says: "The academy has the important task of researching the truth of events, of banishing the legends introduced by ignorance or malice, of introducing the knowledge of many things obscured by old age or by neglect have been buried. "

1785 ordered Charles III. moved to the Casa de la Panadería in the Plaza Mayor de Madrid , where the Academy's library had been located since 1775.

In 1836, under the government of Juan Álvarez Mendizábal , a large number of codices , documents and books were given to the Academy and housed in the Nuevo Rezado Palace (caséron) at 21 Calle del León . They came from the Hieronymite of El Escorial and went during the Desamortización (expropriation of the Order) to the State. The Royal Order was issued on July 23, 1837. The actual transfer lasted until 1874.

On January 1, 1938, the academy was incorporated into the Instituto de España when it was founded .

Achievements

On July 21, 1999, the Real Academia signed a contract with the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte to create a Diccionario Biográfico Español within 8 years, which should contain 40,000 biographies of historical figures from Spain.

In December 2008 the Centro de Estudios Biográficos published a database on the Internet with the biographical data of the 40,000 personalities in the Diccionario Biográfico Español .

In February 2009 in Madrid Queen Sophia presided over the ceremonial presentation of the Atlas Cronológico de la Historia de España (ACHE), the first reference work with a normative character published by the Real Academia and printed by Grupo SM . The work is accessible to registered users via internet access.

In May 2011 the Diccionario Biográfico Español was opened to the public. Juan Carlos I and Sophia personally received the first 25 volumes of the work, which were supplemented at the beginning of 2012 to a full number of 50 volumes.

Seat

The headquarters of the Real Academia de la Historia was designed by the architect Juan de Villanueva . The building is where the prayer books (libros de rezos - hence the name of the building "Nuevo Rezado") of the Hieronymites are kept. That is why there is also a parrilla (a grate) on the facade , the symbol of the martyr San Lorenzo . Construction began in 1788. The architecture shows only sparse ornamentation, but uses great proportions and precious materials. The contemporary chronicles tell of the admiration of the people when the doorposts and lintels on 28 carts of oxen arrived in Madrid. In 1836 the building was disamorted (government of Juan Álvarez Mendizábal) and awarded to the Real Academia de la Historia .

Renovation work was carried out between 1871 and 1874 under the architect Eduardo Saavedra . In 1945 the building was declared a Monumento Nacional . The Palacio del Marqués de Molins and a small house on Calle de las Huertas were annexed to the Nuevo Rezado in 1974 , making the entire block between Calles León, Huertas, Amor de Dios and Santa María the property of the Academy.

organization

The junta de Gobierno (government councilor) is responsible for managing it, which meets every Friday (except during holidays) at seven in the evening. The council consists of:

  • Director (elected every three years).
  • Secretario (elected for life, the head of administration).
  • Censor (elected every three years, monitors compliance with agreements).
  • Tesorero (elected annually, treasurer).
  • Bibliotecario (elected for life, manages the library).
  • Anticuario (elected for life, manages the archaeological objects).
  • Académico adjunto a la Comisión de Gobierno y Hacienda (Deputy for the Administrative Commission).

The work of the academy is carried out by various working commissions. In 2006 the Academy had the following commissions:

  • Permanent Comisiones:
    • Comisión de Indias (India Commission)
    • Comisión de Historia Eclesiástica (Church History Commission)
    • Comisión de Antigüedades y Estudios Clásicos (Commission of Antiquities and Classical Studies)
    • Comisión de Cortes y Fueros (Commission For Courts)
    • Comisión de Estudios Orientales y Medievales (Commission for Oriental and Medieval Studies)
    • Comisión de Gobierno y Hacienda (Administrative Commission)
    • Comisión Dictaminadora de las Propuestas de Correspondientes (Commission for Proposals from Corresponding Members)
    • Comisión de Actividades y Publicaciones (Committee for Events and Publications)
    • Comisión de Heráldica (Heraldry Commission)
    • Comisión de Legislación histórica de España (Commission for Legal History)
    • Comisión Mixta de las Reales Academias de la Historia y de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (Mixed Commission of the Historical Academy and the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando)
  • Special commissions for the Biographical Dictionary (Comisiones especiales para el Diccionario Biográfico Español):
    • Comisión de Ciencias Económicas, Sociales y Políticas (Economic, Social and Political Commission)
    • Comisión de Letras y Humanidades (Humanities Committee)
    • Comisión de Arte y Música (Commission for Art and Music)
    • Comisión de Historia Política y Administración (Commission for Political History and Administration)
    • Comisión de Historia (varios) y Espectáculos (History and Events Commission)
  • External commissions (Comisiones externas para el Diccionario Biográfico Español):
    • Comisión Española de Historia Militar (Military History Commission)
    • Comisión de Ciencias y Aplicaciones (Commission for Science and Technology)

Corporaciones Iberoamericanas

The Academy is in constant contact with comparable corporations in the New World (corporaciones de Iberoamérica):

criticism

Criticism of the Diccionario Biográfico Español

In 2011, the publication of the Diccionario Biográfico Español caused criticism and accusations. Some of the biographies had deficiencies in content, such as that of Francisco Franco - written by the historian Luis Suárez Fernández , who is also president of the Brotherhood of the Valle de los Caídos . In the biography, Franco's government was not characterized as a dictatorship, while this adjective appeared in the biography of Juan Negrín , or in the biography of Felipe González , written by Juan Luis Cebrián , the president of grupo PRISA . Obviously the biographies were not written neutrally. The academy then published a communiqué in which it referred to the ideological independence of the academy, the academic freedom of its members, and the pronounced plurality of authors. Some of the authors also defended the complete works.

In June 2011, a commission was set up to revise the Dictionnaire, after the Minister of Education Gabilondo Ángel pressure was applied and was feared it that a movement in the Congreso de los Diputados would withdraw the approved funds again. The commission began its work in April the following year, but as early as May 2012 (according to a report in El País ) it announced that no biography should be changed, nor that "alternative biographies should be published". Only small changes should be made. Nevertheless, the new Minister of Education, José Ignacio Wert, approved the subsidies and paid 193,000 euros for the "Diccionario". The decision was criticized by many historians and especially by the Asociación de Historia Contemporánea (under Carlos Forcadell ) and reprimanded for lack of professionalism. However, three days after the newspaper report, Wert announced to the House of Commons that 14 entries had been fundamentally (en profundidad), one deleted and 16 slightly (ligeramente) changed.

Basic criticism

The criticism of the Diccionario Biográfico Español extended to a criticism of the entire academy. Their limited admission, the low proportion of women in the membership, the centralistic orientation and the preponderance of historians of the glorious kings and conquistadors, as well as anachronistic institutions such as the “Censor” were criticized.

Personalities

Current members

The academy is limited to 36 members, but accepts "Corresponding Members" (Académicos Correspondientes) from all Spanish provinces and around the world, so that in 2006 it had a total of 370 employees. Full members are (as of 2019):

  1. Miguel Artola Gallego (since 1981)
  2. María del Carmen Iglesias Cano, Condesa de Gisbert (since 1989)
  3. Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada (since 1990)
  4. Luis Suárez Fernández (since 1993)
  5. Martín Almagro Gorbea (since 1995)
  6. José Antonio Escudero López (since 2000)
  7. Miguel Ángel Ochoa Brun (since 2001)
  8. Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada (since 2001)
  9. Josefina Gómez Mendoza (since 2002)
  10. Francisco Rodríguez Adrados (since 2003)
  11. Fernando Díaz Esteban (since 2003)
  12. Vicente Pérez Moreda (since 2004)
  13. Carmen Sanz Ayán (since 2005)
  14. Antonio Cañizares Llovera (since 2006)
  15. Carlos Martínez Shaw (since 2007)
  16. Luis Agustín García Moreno (since 2007)
  17. Feliciano Barrios Pintado (since 2007)
  18. Luis Antonio Ribot García (since 2009)
  19. José Luis Díez García (since 2010)
  20. Luís Alberto de Cuenca y Prado (since 2010)
  21. José Remesal Rodríguez (since 2009)
  22. Serafín Fanjul García (since 2011)
  23. Fernando Marías Franco (since 2011)
  24. Francisco Javier Puerto Sarmiento (since 2012)
  25. Enriqueta Vila Vilar (since 2012)
  26. María del Pilar León-Castro Alonso (since 2012)
  27. José Ángel Sesma Muñoz (since 2012)
  28. Juan Pablo Fusi Aizpúrua (since 2014)
  29. Xavier Gil Pujol (since 2014)
  30. María Jesús Viguera Molins (since 2015)
  31. Jaime Salazar y Acha (since 2016)

Three seats were not occupied in 2019.

Deceased members (selection)

literature

  • Antonio Rumeu de Armas: La Real Academia de la Historia. Real Academia de la Historia 2001. ISBN 9788489512849 online
  • Real Academia de la Historia, Patrimonio Nacional: Tesoros de la Real Academia de la Historia. Real Academia de la Historia 2001. ISBN 9788489512887 online
  • Martín Almagro Gorbea: El Gabinete de Antigüedades de la Real Academia de la Historia. Real Academia de la Historia 1999. ISBN 9788489512474 online

Web links

Commons : Real Academia de la Historia  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Portal: Real Academia de la Historia  - Sources and full texts (Spanish)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.rah.es/la-academia/
  2. ^ Carmen Iglesias, nueva directora de la Academia de la Historia
  3. ↑ https://www.rah.es/la-academia/organizacion/junta-de-gobierno/excma-sra-dna-ma-del-carmen-iglesias-cano-condesa-de-gisbert/
  4. ↑ Historia de España, "antigua y moderna, política, civil, eclesiástica, militar, de las ciencias, letras y artes, o sea, de los diversos ramos de la vida, civilización y cultura de los pueblos españoles".
  5. ↑ "la importante verdad de los sucesos, desterrando las fábulas introducidas por la ignorancia o por la malicia, conduciendo al conocimiento de muchas cosas que oscureció la antigüedad o tiene sepultado el descuido."
  6. ↑ La Reina preside el acto de presentación del Atlas Cronológico de la Historia de España
  7. ↑ Atlas cronologico de la Historia de España
  8. ^ Los reyes presentan el Diccionario Biográfico Español .
  9. ↑ Retrato de una Academia anclada en la Historia. Ritos religiosos, cargos vitalicios, rotunda hegemonía masculina y una desatención por la España contemporánea lastran la institución. 1/6/2011 - El País June 1st, 2011.
  10. ↑ Los historiadores se alarman ante la hagiografía de Franco, 30/5/2011 , Público (España) , June 1, 2011.
  11. ↑ Un ex alto cargo del Gobierno del PP firma elogiosas biografías sobre José María Aznar y Esperanza Aguirre, May 31, 2011 - La Vanguardia .
  12. ^ "The Real Academia de la Historia 'no corregirá' la polémica biografía de Franco"
  13. ↑ Comunicado de la Real Academia de la Historia. June 3, 2011 ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rah.es
  14. ↑ Juan Van-Halen . Patada al diccionario . ABC July 14, 2011
  15. ↑ que no corregiría ninguna biografía, ni habría "biografías alternativas a las ya publicadas".
  16. ↑ El País : Que mantengan el Diccionario es una prueba de su escasa profesionalidad, de su obsolescencia, de su inconsciencia del ridículo . El 'Diccionario' no se corrige, pero se financia. May 27, 2012.
  17. ↑ Wert anuncia que se corregirán 31 entradas del 'Diccionario biográfico'. El País, May 31, 2012.
  18. ↑ "el escaso número de mujeres, la hegemonía centralista (apenas hay académicos de la periferia), el predominio de especialistas en tiempos gloriosos de reyes y conquistadores y algunas funciones anacrónicas, como la de censor." Retrato de una Academia anclada en la Historia. Ritos religiosos, cargos vitalicios, rotunda hegemonía masculina y una desatención por la España contemporánea lastran la institución. 1/6/2011 - El País, June 1st, 2011.
  19. ↑ Los historiadores se alarman ante la hagiografía de Franco, 30/5/2011 , Público, June 1, 2011
  20. ↑ Un ex alto cargo del Gobierno del PP firm elogiosas biografías sobre José María Aznar y Esperanza Aguirre, 31/5/2011 - La Vanguardia .
  21. ↑ Académicos Numerarios , accessed November 22, 2019.

Coordinates: 40 ° 24 ′ 48.5 "  N , 3 ° 41 ′ 56.4"  W.