Nānākuli, Hawaii: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Census-designated place in Hawaii, United States}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|official_name = Nānākuli |
| official_name = Nānākuli |
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|native_name |
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |
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|nickname = |
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|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]] |
| settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]] |
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|motto = |
| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |
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| image_skyline = St. Rita Church - Nānākuli, Hawaii.jpg |
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| image_caption = St. Rita Catholic Church in Nānākuli |
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| image_map = Honolulu_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Nanakuli_Highlighted.svg |
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|image_map = Honolulu_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Nanakuli_Highlighted.svg |
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| map_caption = Location in [[Honolulu County, Hawaii|Honolulu County]] and the state of [[Hawaii]] |
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| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = United States |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Hawaii]] |
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|subdivision_name = United States |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |
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| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |
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| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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|established_date = |
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| established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |
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|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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| area_magnitude = |
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| unit_pref = Imperial |
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|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref> |
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|established_date3 = |
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| area_total_km2 = 17.01 |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| area_land_km2 = 7.74 |
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| area_water_km2 = 9.26 |
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| area_total_sq_mi = 6.57 |
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| area_land_sq_mi = 2.99 |
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| area_water_sq_mi = 3.58 |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|area_metro_km2 = |
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_note = |
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| population_total = 12195 |
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| population_density_km2 = 1575.27 |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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| population_density_sq_mi = 4079.96 |
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|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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|population_total = 12666 |
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| population_urban = |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |
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| timezone = [[Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii-Aleutian]] |
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|population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| utc_offset = -10 |
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|population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|21|23|36|N|158|9|10|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |
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|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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| elevation_m = 3 |
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| elevation_ft = 10 |
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|timezone_DST = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|21|23|36|N|158|9|10|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |
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|elevation_footnotes = |
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|elevation_m = 3 |
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|elevation_ft = 10 |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|postal_code_type = |
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |
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| postal_code = 96792<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/96792|title=Nanakuli HI ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2024|access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref> |
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|postal_code = |
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|area_code = [[Area code 808|808]] |
| area_code = [[Area code 808|808]] |
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|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
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|blank_info = 15-53900 |
| blank_info = 15-53900 |
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|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
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|blank1_info = 0362575 |
| blank1_info = 0362575 |
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|website = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Nānākuli''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) |
'''Nānākuli''' ({{IPA-haw|naːnaːˈkuli}}) is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) on the west coast of the island of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], [[Honolulu County, Hawaii|City and County of Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], [[United States]]. In [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], ''nānā kuli'' means literally "look at knee". The population was 11,461 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=https://www.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Nanakuli CDP, Hawaii| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=May 24, 2012}}</ref> |
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== Geography == |
== Geography == |
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Nānākuli is 48 km (30 miles) away from [[Honolulu]],<ref name=":0" /> and is located near the southern end of the Waiʻanae mountain.{{cn|date=May 2022}} It is accessible from [[Farrington Highway]], though most residents live in the valley.{{cn|date=May 2022}} A popular park, Nānākuli Beach Park, is nearby. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nanakuli, Oahu|url=https://www.to-hawaii.com/oahu/cities/nanakuli.php|access-date=2021-10-18|website=www.to-hawaii.com}}</ref> |
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Nānākuli is located at 21°23'36" North, 158°9'10" West (21.393450, -158.152802)<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> near the southern end of the Wai{{okina}}anae mountain. Although most of the residents live in the valley, access is from [[Farrington Highway]] running along the coastline between [[Maili, Hawaii|Lualualei]] to the northwest and Kahe then [[Kapolei, Hawaii|Kapolei]] to the southeast. |
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According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|17.0|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|7.7|km2|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|9.3|km2|disp=flip}} is water. The total area is 54.48% water.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Nanakuli CDP, Hawaii| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| accessdate=May 24, 2012}}</ref> |
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== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
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{{US Census population |
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As of the [[United States 2000 Census|census]] of 2000, there were 10,814 people, 2,324 households, and 2,096 families residing in the valley. The [[population density]] of Nānākuli was 4,287.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,656.9/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 2,504 housing units at an average density of 992.8 per square mile (383.7/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the CDP was 5.70% [[Race (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.79% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.29% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 11.61% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 40.21% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.83% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 40.59% from two or more races. 11.12% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. |
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|2020= 12195 |
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|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref> |
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There were 2,324 households in Nānākuli, out of which 46.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 22.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.8% were non-families. 6.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.65 and the average family size was 4.74. |
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}} |
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As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 11,461 people, a 2.39% decrease from the 12,666 people living in Nānākuli in the [[2010 United States census|2010 census.]] |
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The [[median age]] was 31.5, the [[Median household income in the US|median household income]] was [[United States one-dollar bill|$]]75,031, the median property value was $370,600, the average car ownership was 2 cars per household, and the [[poverty rate]] was 15.3%. The 3 [[Ethnic group|largest ethnic groups]] were [[Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)]], [[Multiracial Americans|Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)]], and Multiracial (Hispanic). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nanakuli, HI {{!}} Data USA|url=https://datausa.io/profile/geo/nanakuli-hi/#demographics|access-date=2021-10-18|website=datausa.io|language=en}}</ref> |
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In the CDP the population was spread out, with 35.8% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|+ |
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!'''Ethnic group:''' |
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!Population: |
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!Percentage: |
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|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) |
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|5.3k |
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|46.2% |
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|Multiracial (Non-Hispanic) |
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|3.23k |
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|28.2% |
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|Multiracial (Hispanic) |
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|909 |
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|7.93% |
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|- |
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|Asian (Non-Hispanic) |
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|787 |
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|6.87% |
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|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Hispanic) |
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|542 |
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|4.73% |
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|White (Non-Hispanic) |
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|394 |
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|3.44% |
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|American Indian and Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) |
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|85 |
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|0.74% |
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|Asian (Hispanic) |
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|56 |
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|0.49% |
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|White (Hispanic) |
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|53 |
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|0.46% |
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|Black or African American (Hispanic) |
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|46 |
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|0.401% |
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|Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) |
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|39 |
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|0.34% |
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|Other (Hispanic) |
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|12 |
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|0.105% |
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|American Indian and Alaska Native (Hispanic) |
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|8 |
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|0.0698% |
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|} |
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== Native Hawaiian Community in Nānakuli == |
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The median income for a household in Nānākuli was $45,352, and the median income for a family was $45,677. Males had a median income of $30,722 versus $24,731 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $11,690. 21.3% of the population and 19.2% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. Out of the total population, 26.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. |
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[[File:Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center on the Waianae coast of Oahu, Hawaii.jpg|thumb|The Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center in Nānākuli is part of Kamehameha Schools.]] |
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Nānākuli is home to one of the oldest [[Hawaiian home land|Hawaiian Home Land Divisions]] established through the [[Native Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921]], promoted by Prince [[Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole]].<ref>A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights</ref> The presence of [[Department of hawaiian home lands|DHHL]] (Department of Hawaiian Home Lands) has heavily influenced the Nānākuli community. Uniquely in the state of [[Hawaii|Hawaiʻi]] and for the last 50 years, three Nānākuli public schools have campuses located on Hawaiian Home Lands. These are [[Nanakuli High and Intermediate School|Nānākuli High and Intermediate]], Nānā I Ka Pono, and Nānākuli Elementary.<ref>A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights</ref> Within the last two decades, [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] based learning has been offered for students of the valley; at Nānākuli Elementary, kids can join a [[Hawaiian language]] immersion program (Kula Kai O Puni). |
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Aside from the [[Hawaii State Department of Education|Department Of Education]], there also exists "Ka Waihona O Ka Naʻauao Hawaiian Public Charter School". |
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In recent years, the neighborhood board acknowledged the long-standing history of the valley and DHHL by renaming Nānākuli Beach Park after Kalaniʻanaole.<ref>NA MAKAMAKA O NANAKULI, Ronald Gallimore and Alan Howard, Bishop Museum, December 1991</ref> |
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Some other Native Hawaiian organizations that have reached out to this community are the [[Liliʻuokalani Trust]] (Formerly known as the [[Liliʻuokalani|Queen Liʻliʻuokalani]] Children’s Center, The Office Of Hawaiian Affairs, and [[Kamehameha Schools]]). |
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Only 3,970 reported residents identify with having some sort of Hawaiian ancestry out of the approximate population of 12,000. |
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In April 2021, Kamehameha Schools opened the Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center in Nānākuli.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 28, 2021 |title=Kamehameha Schools Celebrates Opening of Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center |url=https://mauinow.com/2021/04/28/kamehameha-schools-celebrates-opening-of-kalanihookaha-community-learning-center/ |access-date=January 10, 2023 |website=Maui Now}}</ref> |
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==Nānākuli, DHHL, and the Native Hawaiian Community== |
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{{tone|date=February 2020}} |
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Nānākuli is home to one of the oldest [[Hawaiian home land|Hawaiian Home Land Divisions]] established through the Native Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921 (Prince [[Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole]] promoted the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act back in 1919 when he introduced the Hawaiian Statehood Act).<ref>A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights</ref> The presence of DHHL (Department of Hawaiian Home Lands) has heavily influenced the Nānākuli community. Uniquely in the state of Hawaiʻi and for the last 50 years, three Nānākuli public schools have campuses located on Hawaiian Home Lands. Those public schools are Nānākuli High and Intermediate, Nānā I Ka Pono, and Nānākuli Elementary.<ref>A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights</ref> Within the last two decades, Native Hawaiian based learning has been offered at the forefront for students of the valley; at Nānākuli Elementary, kids can join a [[Hawaiian language]] Immersion program (Kula Kai O Puni). |
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Aside from the Department Of Education and their strides to be Kanaka Maʻoli inclusive, kids in the valley are also encouraged to try out and apply to Ka Waihona O Ka Naʻoʻao Hawaiian Public Charter School. Once there students from elementary to middle school are found perpetuating Hawaiian practices, infused with forward and innovative learning materials. |
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In recent years, even the neighborhood board acknowledged the long standing history of the valley and DHHL by renaming Nānākuli Beach Park after Kalaniʻanaole; for his legacy, i.e. the gift of roofs over so many families heads, and the ability to instill knowledge within so many students' minds.<ref>NA MAKAMAKA O NANAKULI, Ronald Gallimore and Alan Howard, Bishop Museum, December 1991</ref> |
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Other Native Hawaiian organizations that reach out to this small community of approximately 12,000 individuals are The Liliʻuokalani Trust (Formerly known as the Queen Liʻliʻuokalani Children’s Center), The Office Of Hawaiian Affairs, and Kamehameha Schools to name a few. |
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And In actuality, only 3,970 reported residents identify with having some sort of Hawaiian ancestry out of the approximate population of 12,000, meaning the spread and influence of Native Hawaiian culture is non-discriminatory, accepted, and welcomed with open minds and open hearts. |
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Nānākuli is a homestead unlike any other. |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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The [[Hawaii Department of Education]] operates the public schools. Two elementary schools, Nanaikapono and Nanakuli, and the [[Nanakuli High & Intermediate School]] are in the CDP.<ref>"[ |
The [[Hawaii Department of Education]] operates the public schools. Two elementary schools, Nanaikapono and Nanakuli, and the [[Nanakuli High & Intermediate School]] are in the CDP.<ref>"[https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10ma/GUBlock/st15_hi/place/p1553900_nanakuli/DC10BLK_P1553900_001.pdf Nanakuli CDP]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on October 7, 2020.</ref> |
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==Notable residents== |
==Notable residents== |
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*[[Konishiki Yasokichi]] |
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*[[Jason Momoa]] |
*[[Jason Momoa]] |
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*[[Radasha Ho'ohuli]], [[Miss Hawaii USA]] 2006<ref>"[http://www.midweek.com/content/columns/mwspace_article/radasha_hoohuli/ Radasha Ho'ohuli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021074132/http://midweek.com/content/columns/mwspace_article/radasha_hoohuli/ |date=2007-10-21 }}." ''[[MidWeek]]''. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.</ref> |
*[[Radasha Ho'ohuli]], [[Miss Hawaii USA]] 2006<ref>"[http://www.midweek.com/content/columns/mwspace_article/radasha_hoohuli/ Radasha Ho'ohuli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021074132/http://midweek.com/content/columns/mwspace_article/radasha_hoohuli/ |date=2007-10-21 }}." ''[[MidWeek]]''. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.</ref> |
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*[[Raymond Kane]] |
*[[Raymond Kane]] |
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*[[Mark Tuinei]] (1960–1999), former [[National Football League|NFL]] player |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Line 158: | Line 214: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commonscat}} |
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{{wikivoyage|Nanakuli}} |
{{wikivoyage|Nanakuli}} |
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* [http://dhhl.hawaii.gov Department of Hawaiian Home Lands] |
* [http://dhhl.hawaii.gov Department of Hawaiian Home Lands] |
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{{Honolulu County, Hawaii}} |
{{Honolulu County, Hawaii}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanakuli}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanakuli}} |
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[[Category:Census-designated places in Honolulu County, Hawaii]] |
[[Category:Census-designated places in Honolulu County, Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:Populated places on Oahu]] |
[[Category:Populated places on Oahu]] |
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[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hawaii]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:09, 2 May 2024
Nānākuli | |
|---|---|
 St. Rita Catholic Church in Nānākuli | |
 Location in Honolulu County and the state of Hawaii | |
| Coordinates: 21°23′36″N 158°9′10″W / 21.39333°N 158.15278°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| Area | |
| • Total | 6.57 sq mi (17.01 km2) |
| • Land | 2.99 sq mi (7.74 km2) |
| • Water | 3.58 sq mi (9.26 km2) |
| Elevation | 10 ft (3 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 12,195 |
| • Density | 4,079.96/sq mi (1,575.27/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-10 (Hawaii-Aleutian) |
| ZIP code | 96792[2] |
| Area code | 808 |
| FIPS code | 15-53900 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0362575 |
Nānākuli (Hawaiian pronunciation: [naːnaːˈkuli]) is a census-designated place (CDP) on the west coast of the island of Oʻahu, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, nānā kuli means literally "look at knee". The population was 11,461 at the 2020 census.[3]
Geography[edit]
Nānākuli is 48 km (30 miles) away from Honolulu,[4] and is located near the southern end of the Waiʻanae mountain.[citation needed] It is accessible from Farrington Highway, though most residents live in the valley.[citation needed] A popular park, Nānākuli Beach Park, is nearby. [4]
Demographics[edit]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 12,195 | — | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[5] | |||
As of the 2020 census, there were 11,461 people, a 2.39% decrease from the 12,666 people living in Nānākuli in the 2010 census.
The median age was 31.5, the median household income was $75,031, the median property value was $370,600, the average car ownership was 2 cars per household, and the poverty rate was 15.3%. The 3 largest ethnic groups were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic), Multiracial (Non-Hispanic), and Multiracial (Hispanic). [6]
| Ethnic group: | Population: | Percentage: |
|---|---|---|
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) | 5.3k | 46.2% |
| Multiracial (Non-Hispanic) | 3.23k | 28.2% |
| Multiracial (Hispanic) | 909 | 7.93% |
| Asian (Non-Hispanic) | 787 | 6.87% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Hispanic) | 542 | 4.73% |
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 394 | 3.44% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) | 85 | 0.74% |
| Asian (Hispanic) | 56 | 0.49% |
| White (Hispanic) | 53 | 0.46% |
| Black or African American (Hispanic) | 46 | 0.401% |
| Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) | 39 | 0.34% |
| Other (Hispanic) | 12 | 0.105% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native (Hispanic) | 8 | 0.0698% |
Native Hawaiian Community in Nānakuli[edit]
Nānākuli is home to one of the oldest Hawaiian Home Land Divisions established through the Native Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921, promoted by Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole.[7] The presence of DHHL (Department of Hawaiian Home Lands) has heavily influenced the Nānākuli community. Uniquely in the state of Hawaiʻi and for the last 50 years, three Nānākuli public schools have campuses located on Hawaiian Home Lands. These are Nānākuli High and Intermediate, Nānā I Ka Pono, and Nānākuli Elementary.[8] Within the last two decades, Native Hawaiian based learning has been offered for students of the valley; at Nānākuli Elementary, kids can join a Hawaiian language immersion program (Kula Kai O Puni). Aside from the Department Of Education, there also exists "Ka Waihona O Ka Naʻauao Hawaiian Public Charter School". In recent years, the neighborhood board acknowledged the long-standing history of the valley and DHHL by renaming Nānākuli Beach Park after Kalaniʻanaole.[9] Some other Native Hawaiian organizations that have reached out to this community are the Liliʻuokalani Trust (Formerly known as the Queen Liʻliʻuokalani Children’s Center, The Office Of Hawaiian Affairs, and Kamehameha Schools). Only 3,970 reported residents identify with having some sort of Hawaiian ancestry out of the approximate population of 12,000.
In April 2021, Kamehameha Schools opened the Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center in Nānākuli.[10]
Education[edit]
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools. Two elementary schools, Nanaikapono and Nanakuli, and the Nanakuli High & Intermediate School are in the CDP.[11]
Notable residents[edit]
- Konishiki Yasokichi
- Jason Momoa
- Radasha Ho'ohuli, Miss Hawaii USA 2006[12]
- Raymond Kane
- Mark Tuinei (1960–1999), former NFL player
References[edit]
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ "Nanakuli HI ZIP Code". zipdatamaps.com. 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Nanakuli CDP, Hawaii". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ a b "Nanakuli, Oahu". www.to-hawaii.com. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ "Nanakuli, HI | Data USA". datausa.io. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^ A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights
- ^ A BROKEN TRUST, The Hawaiian Homelands Program, Hawaii Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights
- ^ NA MAKAMAKA O NANAKULI, Ronald Gallimore and Alan Howard, Bishop Museum, December 1991
- ^ "Kamehameha Schools Celebrates Opening of Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center". Maui Now. April 28, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ "Nanakuli CDP." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on October 7, 2020.
- ^ "Radasha Ho'ohuli Archived 2007-10-21 at the Wayback Machine." MidWeek. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nānākuli, Hawaii.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nanakuli.
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