Rohingya Solidarity Organisation: Difference between revisions

Rohingya Solidarity Organisation
Rohingya Solidarity Organisation
Leader	Mohammed Ayyub Khan
Foundation	1982
Dates of operation	1982–1998, 2021–present
Active regions	Rakhine State; (Bangladesh–Myanmar border)
Ideology	Rohingya nationalism; Islamism;
Opponents	State opponents:; Myanmar; Tatmadaw Myanmar Army Western Command; ; ; Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1982–1988); Union of Myanmar (1988–1998); Non-state opponents:; Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army;
Battles and wars	Internal conflict in Myanmar Rohingya conflict Operation Clean and Beautiful Nation (1991–1992); Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present); ; Myanmar civil war (2021–present);
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	Preceded by; Rohingya Patriotic Front

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The Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) is a Rohingya insurgent group and political organisation. It was founded in 1982 following a large scale military operation conducted by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces). The group discontinued its armed rebellion in 1998 but rearmed itself following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.

History[edit]

1990s[edit]

In the early 1990s, the military camps of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) were located in the Cox's Bazar District in southern Bangladesh. RSO possessed a significant arsenal of light machine-guns, AK-47 assault rifles, RPG-2 rocket launchers, claymore mines and explosives, according to a field report conducted by correspondent Bertil Lintner in 1991.^[1]

The military expansion of the RSO resulted in the government of Myanmar launching a massive counter-offensive to expel RSO insurgents along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border. In December 1991, Tatmadaw soldiers crossed the border and accidentally attacked a Bangladeshi military outpost, causing a strain in Bangladeshi-Myanmar relations. By April 1992, more than 250,000 Rohingya civilians had been forced out of northern Rakhine State (Arakan) as a result of the increased military operations in the area.^[2]

In April 1994, around 120 RSO insurgents entered Maungdaw Township in Myanmar by crossing the Naf River which marks the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. On 28 April 1994, nine out of twelve bombs planted in different areas in Maungdaw by RSO insurgents exploded, damaging a fire engine and a few buildings, and seriously wounding four civilians.^[3]

On 28 October 1998, the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation merged with the Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front and formed the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), operating in-exile in Cox's Bazar.^[2] The Rohingya National Army (RNA) was established as its armed wing.

2000s to 2010s[edit]

One of the several dozen videotapes obtained by CNN from Al-Qaeda's archives in Afghanistan in August 2002 allegedly showed fighters from Myanmar training in Afghanistan.^[4] Other videotapes were marked with "Myanmar" in Arabic, and it was assumed that the footage was shot in Myanmar, though this has never been validated.^[2]^[5] According to intelligence sources in Asia,^[who?] Rohingya recruits in the RSO were paid a 30,000 Bangladeshi taka (US$525) enlistment reward, and a salary of 10,000 taka ($175) per month. Families of fighters who were killed in action were offered 100,000 taka ($1,750) in compensation, a promise which lured many young Rohingya men, who were mostly very poor, to travel to Pakistan, where they would train and then perform suicide attacks in Afghanistan.^[2]^[5]

Regional experts in Rakhine State previously disputed the existence of the RSO as an active militant force after the early 2000s.^[6] The government of Myanmar blamed the RSO for attacks on border posts in October 2016^[7] until the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army claimed responsibility.^[8]

2021[edit]

Following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état by the Tatmadaw, the RSO announced its rearmament in March 2021.^[9]

The RSO opposes the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), whom the RSO blames for attacks against Rohingya community leaders in Bangladeshi refugee camps.^[10]

2023[edit]

Ko Ko Linn, a spokesperson for RSO and ARNO,^[11] allegedly ordered his followers to murder ARSA members in the Ukhiya refugee camp. However, he denied this, claiming a man living in Saudi Arabia made the speech.^[12]

References[edit]

^ Lintner, Bertil (19 October 1991). Tension Mounts in Arakan State. This news-story was based on interview with Rohingyas and others in the Cox's Bazar area and at the Rohingya military camps in 1991: Jane’s Defence Weekly.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bangladesh Extremist Islamist Consolidation". by Bertil Lintner. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
^ "Rohingya Terrorists Plant Bombs, Burn Houses in Maungdaw". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
^ "Rohingyas trained in different Al-Qaeda and Taliban camps in Afghanistan". By William Gomes. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Bangladesh: Breeding ground for Muslim terror". by Bertil Lintner. Archived from the original on 12 October 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Experts Reject Claims of 'Rohingya Mujahideen' Insurgency". 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
^ "Myanmar: Fears of violence after deadly border attack". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
^ "Islamist fears rise in Rohingya-linked violence". Bangkok Post. Post Publishing PCL. Retrieved 5 November 2016.^{[dead link]}
^ "Rohingya armed groups active again in Western Myanmar". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
^ Ahasan, Nazmul (2 February 2023). "In Bangladesh's border with Myanmar, 2 Rohingya militant groups fight for dominance". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023.
^ BANGLADESH: Rohingya community leader Ko Ko Linn abducted and his whereabouts remains unknown. November 20, 2017. Asian Human Rights Commission. Archived April 1, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
^ Questions raised about audio recording urging mass killings. February 26, 2023. Dhaka Tribune. Archived January 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

External links[edit]

Official website

[B-report-1] Lintner, Bertil (19 October 1991). Tension Mounts in Arakan State. This news-story was based on interview with Rohingyas and others in the Cox's Bazar area and at the Rohingya military camps in 1991: Jane’s Defence Weekly.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

[BL-1-2] "Bangladesh Extremist Islamist Consolidation". by Bertil Lintner. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.

[3] "Rohingya Terrorists Plant Bombs, Burn Houses in Maungdaw". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2012.

[4] "Rohingyas trained in different Al-Qaeda and Taliban camps in Afghanistan". By William Gomes. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2012.

[BL-2-5] "Bangladesh: Breeding ground for Muslim terror". by Bertil Lintner. Archived from the original on 12 October 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[6] "Experts Reject Claims of 'Rohingya Mujahideen' Insurgency". 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

[AJ2-7] "Myanmar: Fears of violence after deadly border attack". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.

[BKP1-8] "Islamist fears rise in Rohingya-linked violence". Bangkok Post. Post Publishing PCL. Retrieved 5 November 2016.^{[dead link]}

[9] "Rohingya armed groups active again in Western Myanmar". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2021.

[10] Ahasan, Nazmul (2 February 2023). "In Bangladesh's border with Myanmar, 2 Rohingya militant groups fight for dominance". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023.

[11] BANGLADESH: Rohingya community leader Ko Ko Linn abducted and his whereabouts remains unknown. November 20, 2017. Asian Human Rights Commission. Archived April 1, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

[12] Questions raised about audio recording urging mass killings. February 26, 2023. Dhaka Tribune. Archived January 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine

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@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 | headquarters     =
 | newspaper        =
-| ideology         = [[Rohingya people|Rohingya]] [[nationalism]]<br/> [[Islamism]]
+| ideology         = {{ubl|[[Rohingya people|Rohingya]] [[nationalism]]|[[Islamism]]}}
 | position         =
 | crimes           =
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 * {{flag|Myanmar}}
 }}
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Tatmadaw]]
-* {{army|Myanmar}}
+** {{army|MYA}}
-** [[Myanmar Army#Regional Military Commands (RMC)|Western Command]]
+*** {{flagicon image|MM Western RMC Flag.svg}} [[Myanmar Army#Regional Military Commands (RMC)|Western Command]]
 {{plainlist|
-* {{flagdeco|Myanmar|1974}} [[State Peace and Development Council|Union of Myanmar]] (1982–1998)
+* {{flagdeco|Myanmar|1974}} [[Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma]] (1982–1988)
+* {{flagdeco|Myanmar|1974}} [[State Peace and Development Council|Union of Myanmar]] (1988–1998)
 * '''Non-state opponents:'''
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of ARSA.png}} [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]]
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 ** [[Operation Clean and Beautiful Nation]] (1991–1992)
 ** [[Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)]]
+* [[Myanmar civil war (2021–present)]]
 | flag             = {{Multiple image
  | align = left
@@ Line 60: / Line 63: @@
  | border = infobox
 }}
-| website          = {{URL|https://rohingyasolidarity.org/}}
+| website          =
 | module           =
 }}
@@ Line 69: / Line 72: @@
 === 1990s ===
-In the early 1990s, the military camps of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) were located in the [[Cox's Bazar District]] in southern [[Bangladesh]]. RSO possessed a significant arsenal of light machine-guns, AK-47 assault rifles, RPG-2 rocket launchers, claymore mines and explosives, according to a field report conducted by correspondent Bertil Lintner in 1991.<ref name="B-report">{{cite book|last=Lintner|first=Bertil|title=Tension Mounts in Arakan State|publisher=Jane’s Defence Weekly|location=This news-story was based on interview with Rohingyas and others in the Cox’s Bazaar area and at the Rohingya military camps in 1991|date=19 October 1991}}</ref>
+In the early 1990s, the military camps of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) were located in the [[Cox's Bazar District]] in southern [[Bangladesh]]. RSO possessed a significant arsenal of light machine-guns, AK-47 assault rifles, RPG-2 rocket launchers, claymore mines and explosives, according to a field report conducted by correspondent Bertil Lintner in 1991.<ref name="B-report">{{cite book|last=Lintner|first=Bertil|author-link=Bertil Lintner|title=Tension Mounts in Arakan State|publisher=Jane’s Defence Weekly|location=This news-story was based on interview with Rohingyas and others in the Cox's Bazar area and at the Rohingya military camps in 1991|date=19 October 1991}}</ref>
-The military expansion of the RSO resulted in the government of Myanmar launching a massive counter-offensive to expel RSO insurgents along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border. In December 1991, [[Tatmadaw]] soldiers crossed the border and accidentally attacked a Bangladeshi military outpost, causing a strain in Bangladeshi-Myanmar relations. By April 1992, more than 250,000 Rohingya civilians had been forced out of northern [[Rakhine State]] (Arakan) as a result of the increased military operations in the area.<ref name="BL-1">{{cite web| url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume14/Article1.htm | title=Bangladesh Extremist Islamist Consolidation | publisher=by Bertil Lintner | access-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref>
+The military expansion of the RSO resulted in the government of Myanmar launching a massive counter-offensive to expel RSO insurgents along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border. In December 1991, [[Tatmadaw]] soldiers crossed the border and accidentally attacked a Bangladeshi military outpost, causing a strain in Bangladeshi-Myanmar relations. By April 1992, more than 250,000 Rohingya civilians had been forced out of northern [[Rakhine State]] (Arakan) as a result of the increased military operations in the area.<ref name="BL-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume14/Article1.htm | title=Bangladesh Extremist Islamist Consolidation | publisher=by Bertil Lintner | access-date=21 October 2012 | archive-date=22 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622123435/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume14/Article1.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>
-In April 1994, around 120 RSO insurgents entered [[Maungdaw Township]] in Myanmar by crossing the [[Naf River]] which marks the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. On 28 April 1994, nine out of twelve bombs planted in different areas in Maungdaw by RSO insurgents exploded, damaging a fire engine and a few buildings, and seriously wounding four civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.synthesis.ie/site_media/trec/FBIS/FBIS4-46201.txt | title= Rohingya Terrorists Plant Bombs, Burn Houses in Maungdaw|access-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref>
+In April 1994, around 120 RSO insurgents entered [[Maungdaw Township]] in Myanmar by crossing the [[Naf River]] which marks the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. On 28 April 1994, nine out of twelve bombs planted in different areas in Maungdaw by RSO insurgents exploded, damaging a fire engine and a few buildings, and seriously wounding four civilians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.synthesis.ie/site_media/trec/FBIS/FBIS4-46201.txt |title=Rohingya Terrorists Plant Bombs, Burn Houses in Maungdaw |access-date=22 October 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172504/http://data.synthesis.ie/site_media/trec/FBIS/FBIS4-46201.txt |url-status=live }}</ref>
-On 28 October 1998, the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation merged with the [[Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front]] and formed the [[Arakan Rohingya National Organisation]] (ARNO), operating in-exile in Cox's Bazaar.<ref name="BL-1" /> The [[Rohingya National Army]] (RNA) was established as its armed wing.
+On 28 October 1998, the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation merged with the [[Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front]] and formed the [[Arakan Rohingya National Organisation]] (ARNO), operating in-exile in Cox's Bazar.<ref name="BL-1" /> The [[Rohingya National Army]] (RNA) was established as its armed wing.
 === 2000s to 2010s ===
+One of the several dozen videotapes obtained by [[CNN]] from [[Al-Qaeda]]'s archives in Afghanistan in August 2002 allegedly showed fighters from Myanmar training in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node%2F16449 | title=Rohingyas trained in different Al-Qaeda and Taliban camps in Afghanistan | publisher=By William Gomes | access-date=22 October 2012 | archive-date=3 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103124254/http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node%2F16449 | url-status=live }}</ref> Other videotapes were marked with "Myanmar" in Arabic, and it was assumed that the footage was shot in Myanmar, though this has never been validated.<ref name="BL-1" /><ref name="BL-2">{{cite web| url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DI21Df06.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021012033257/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DI21Df06.html | url-status=unfit | archive-date=12 October 2002 | title=Bangladesh: Breeding ground for Muslim terror | publisher= by Bertil Lintner |access-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> According to intelligence sources in Asia,{{who|date=October 2016}} Rohingya recruits in the RSO were paid a 30,000 Bangladeshi taka (US$525) enlistment reward, and a salary of 10,000 taka ($175) per month. Families of fighters who were killed in action were offered 100,000 taka ($1,750) in compensation, a promise which lured many young Rohingya men, who were mostly very poor, to travel to [[Pakistan]], where they would train and then perform suicide attacks in Afghanistan.<ref name="BL-1" /><ref name="BL-2" />
-One of the several dozen videotapes obtained by [[CNN]] from [[Al-Qaeda]]'s archives in Afghanistan in August 2002 allegedly showed fighters from Myanmar training in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/16449 | title=
-Rohingyas trained in different Al-Qaeda and Taliban camps in Afghanistan | publisher=  By William Gomes |access-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> Other videotapes were marked with "Myanmar" in Arabic, and it was assumed that the footage was shot in Myanmar, though this has never been validated.<ref name="BL-1" /><ref name="BL-2">{{cite web| url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DI21Df06.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021012033257/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DI21Df06.html | url-status=unfit | archive-date=12 October 2002 | title=
-Bangladesh: Breeding ground for Muslim terror | publisher= by Bertil Lintner |access-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> According to intelligence sources in Asia,{{who|date=October 2016}} Rohingya recruits in the RSO were paid a 30,000 Bangladeshi taka ($525 USD) enlistment reward, and a salary of 10,000 taka ($175) per month. Families of fighters who were killed in action were offered 100,000 taka ($1,750) in compensation, a promise which lured many young Rohingya men, who were mostly very poor, to travel to [[Pakistan]], where they would train and then perform suicide attacks in Afghanistan.<ref name="BL-1" /><ref name="BL-2" />
-Regional experts in Rakhine State previously disputed the existence of the RSO as an active militant force after the early 2000s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Experts Reject Claims of ‘Rohingya Mujahideen’ Insurgency|url=http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/experts-reject-claims-of-rohingya-mujahideen-insurgency.html|access-date=16 August 2016|date=15 July 2013}}</ref> The government of Myanmar blamed the RSO for [[Northern Rakhine State clashes|attacks on border posts]] in October 2016<ref name="AJ2">{{cite web|title=Myanmar: Fears of violence after deadly border attack|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/myanmar-fears-violence-deadly-border-attack-161011133128765.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> until the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]] claimed responsibility.<ref name="BKP1">{{cite news|title=Islamist fears rise in Rohingya-linked violence|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/asia/1111481/islamist-fears-rise-in-rohingya-linked-violence|access-date=5 November 2016|work=Bangkok Post|publisher=Post Publishing PCL}}</ref>
+Regional experts in Rakhine State previously disputed the existence of the RSO as an active militant force after the early 2000s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Experts Reject Claims of 'Rohingya Mujahideen' Insurgency|url=http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/experts-reject-claims-of-rohingya-mujahideen-insurgency.html|access-date=16 August 2016|date=15 July 2013|archive-date=29 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829044536/http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/experts-reject-claims-of-rohingya-mujahideen-insurgency.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The government of Myanmar blamed the RSO for [[Northern Rakhine State clashes|attacks on border posts]] in October 2016<ref name="AJ2">{{cite web|title=Myanmar: Fears of violence after deadly border attack|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/myanmar-fears-violence-deadly-border-attack-161011133128765.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012153649/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/myanmar-fears-violence-deadly-border-attack-161011133128765.html|url-status=live}}</ref> until the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]] claimed responsibility.<ref name="BKP1">{{cite news|title=Islamist fears rise in Rohingya-linked violence|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/asia/1111481/islamist-fears-rise-in-rohingya-linked-violence|access-date=5 November 2016|work=Bangkok Post|publisher=Post Publishing PCL}}{{dead link|date=May 2023}}</ref>
 === 2021 ===
-Following the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]] by the Tatmadaw, the RSO announced its rearmament in March 2021.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
+Following the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]] by the Tatmadaw, the RSO announced its rearmament in March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rohingya armed groups active again in Western Myanmar|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/rohingya-armed-groups-active-again-in-western-myanmar.html|access-date=20 September 2021|work=The Irrawaddy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319161551/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/rohingya-armed-groups-active-again-in-western-myanmar.html|archive-date=March 19, 2023}}</ref>
-The RSO opposes the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]] (ARSA), whom the RSO blames for attacks against Rohingya community leaders in [[Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi refugee camps]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
+The RSO opposes the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]] (ARSA), whom the RSO blames for attacks against Rohingya community leaders in [[Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi refugee camps]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Radio Free Asia]]|last=Ahasan|first=Nazmul|title=In Bangladesh's border with Myanmar, 2 Rohingya militant groups fight for dominance|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/bangladeshborderrohingya-02022023153254.html|date= February 2, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404062648/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/bangladeshborderrohingya-02022023153254.html|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref>
+=== 2023 ===
+Ko Ko Linn, a spokesperson for RSO and ARNO,<ref> [http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-198-2017/ BANGLADESH: Rohingya community leader Ko Ko Linn abducted and his whereabouts remains unknown]. November 20, 2017. [[Asian Human Rights Commission]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401194011/http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-198-2017/|date=April 1, 2023}}</ref> allegedly ordered his followers to murder ARSA members in the Ukhiya refugee camp. However, he denied this, claiming a man living in Saudi Arabia made the speech.<ref>[https://www.dhakatribune.com/amp/bangladesh/282138/questions-raised-about-audio-recording-urging-mass Questions raised about audio recording urging mass killings]. February 26, 2023. [[Dhaka Tribune]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109160212/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/282138/questions-raised-about-audio-recording-urging-mass|date=January 9, 2024}}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 93: / Line 98: @@
 == External links ==
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211029124137/https://rohingyasolidarity.org/ Official website]
-* {{Official website}}
 {{Insurgent groups in Myanmar}}
-[[Category:Rebel groups in Myanmar]]
+[[Category:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar]]
 [[Category:Islam in Myanmar]]
 [[Category:Rakhine State]]

v t e Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
Active	AA (ULA) AA (ANC) ABSDF ALA (ALP) ARSA BLA BPLA CDF CNA (CNF) CNDF DKBA-5 KIA (KIO) KNA KNA(B) KNLA (KNLP) KNDO / KNLA (KNU) KA (KNPP) KNPLF KTLA KPC LDU MNDAA (MNTJP [zh]) MNLA (NMSP) MRDA/BNRA NDAA (PSC) NSCN-K PDF (NUG) PLA (CPB) PNA (PNO) PNLA (PNLO) PRA-Magway RSO SNA SSA-N (SSPP) SSA-S (RCSS) TNLA (PSLF) UWSA (UWSP) WNA (WNO) ZRA (ZRO)
Defunct	ARIF CPA DKBA God's Army KDA MTA MRA MRDA Mujahideen NDA-K NUPA RFCP RLP RPF RRF RNA SSA SSCP SSNA SURA VBSW
Coalitions	4K Coalition 7 EAO Alliance Chin Brotherhood Alliance Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee Federal Union Army Northern Alliance Three Brotherhood Alliance United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia
Armed conflicts	Communist (1948–1988) China–Myanmar border (1960–1961) Kachin Karen Karen–Mon Kokang 2009 2015 Rohingya 1978 1991–1992 2016–present post-2021 coup
Peace process	Ceasefires Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong
Internal conflict in Myanmar Tatmadaw