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{{Short description|American journalist (1945–1978)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Tom Forcade
| name = Tom Forçade
| image =
| image =
| caption =Tom Forcade in 1973 for a [[Boulder, Colorado]] meeting of the [[Underground Press]]
| caption = Tom Forçade in 1973 for a [[Boulder, Colorado]] meeting of the [[Underground Press]]
| birth_name = Thomas King Forçade
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1945|9|11|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1945|9|11|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Phoenix, Arizona]]
| birth_place = [[Phoenix, Arizona]], U.S.
| death_date ={{Death date and age|mf=y|1978|11|17|1945|9|11}}
| death_date ={{Death date and age|mf=y|1978|11|17|1945|9|11}}
| death_place = [[New York City]]
| death_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| education = [[University of Utah]], 1967
| height =
| height =
| occupation = Underground journalist, activist
| occupation = Underground journalist, publisher, activist
| years_active =
| years_active = 1966–1978
| salary =
| alias = Gary Goodson
| known_for = [[Underground Press Syndicate]]<br />''[[High Times]]'' magazine
| networth =
| website =
| website =
}}
}}
'''Thomas King Forçade''' (September 11, 1945 – November 17, 1978), also known as '''Gary Goodson''',<ref name="gross1991">Gross, Michael (February 18, 1991). Ivana's avenger. ''[[New York Magazine]]''</ref> was an [[United States|American]] [[underground journalist]] and [[cannabis rights]] [[activist]] in the 1970s. For many years he ran the [[Underground Press Syndicate]] (later called the Alternative Press Syndicate), and was the founder in summer 1974 of ''[[High Times]]'' magazine.<ref>Bienenstock, David; and editors of ''[[High Times]]'' magazine (2008). [http://www.hightimes.com/microsites/handbook/chap1p3.inc.php Chapter 1 HIGHstory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062624/http://www.hightimes.com/microsites/handbook/chap1p3.inc.php |date=2014-04-07 }}. ''The Official High Times Pot Smokers Handbook: Featuring 420 Things to do When You're Stoned.'' [[Chronicle Books]]. {{ISBN|0811862054}}. {{ISBN|9780811862059}}.</ref> ''High Times'' ran articles calling [[marijuana]] a "medical wonder drug" and ridiculing the US [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]. ''High Times'' became a huge success with a circulation of more than 500,000 copies a month and revenues approaching $10 million by 1977 and embraced by the young adult market as the bible of the alternative life culture. By 1977 ''High Times'' was selling as many copies an issue as'' [[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]] ''and ''[[National Lampoon (magazine)|National Lampoon]]. ''Forcade published several other publications such as'' Stoned, National Weed, Dealer'' and others that always were laced with some of the best humor, pop culture and a forum for some of the best writers, artists and political savvy mostly veiled as the counter culture entertainment magazine. Many of the writers went on to be published in premiere papers and magazines in North America.
'''Thomas King Forçade''' (September 11, 1945 – November 17, 1978), also known as '''Gary Goodson''',<ref name=gross>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-gCAAAAMBAJ&q=tom+Forçade&pg=PA40|author=Gross, Michael|date=February 18, 1991|title=Ivana's Avenger|magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref> was an American [[underground journalist]] and [[cannabis rights]] [[activist]] in the 1970s. He was the founder of ''[[High Times]]'' magazine and for many years ran the [[Underground Press Syndicate]] (later called the Alternative Press Syndicate)<ref>Bienenstock, David; and editors of ''[[High Times]]'' magazine (2008). [http://www.hightimes.com/microsites/handbook/chap1p3.inc.php Chapter 1 HIGHstory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062624/http://www.hightimes.com/microsites/handbook/chap1p3.inc.php |date=2014-04-07 }}. ''The Official High Times Pot Smokers Handbook: Featuring 420 Things to do When You're Stoned.'' [[Chronicle Books]]. {{ISBN|0811862054}}. {{ISBN|9780811862059}}.</ref>

Forçade published several other publications, such as ''Stoned'', ''National Weed'', ''Dealer'' and others, that, veiled as [[counterculture]] entertainment magazines, were laced with humor and savvy coverage of politics and popular culture, and served as a forum for some of the industry's best writers and artists.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Many of Forçade's publications' writers went on to be published in premiere papers and magazines in North America.{{cn|date=December 2022}}


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
⚫
He was born in [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. His father, engineer and [[hot rod]] enthusiast Kenneth Goodson, died in a car crash when Forçade was a child.{{cn|date=December 2022}}


Forçade graduated from the [[University of Utah]] in 1967 with a degree in business administration. He went into the [[United States Air Force]] but was discharged after a few months. He used the skills he learned, however, to fly across the border for several years, trafficking drugs from Mexico and Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blacklistedjournalist.com/column68b.html|title=Tom Forçade, Social Architect|author=Al Aronowitz|author-link=Al Aronowitz|website=The Blacklisted Journalist|access-date=2002-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thestonedsociety.com/featured/dana-beal-hippies-yippies-zippies-beatnicks/|title=Hippies, Yippies, Zippies and Beatnicks – A Conversation with Dana Beal|author=Arnett, Andrew|website=TheStonedSociety.com|publisher=The Stoned Society|access-date=21 July 2015|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230442/https://thestonedsociety.com/featured/dana-beal-hippies-yippies-zippies-beatnicks/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Nation2013 /> He used the proceeds to form a [[hippie commune]] and [[underground press|underground]] magazine called ''Orpheus''.
⚫
He was born in [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. His father, engineer and [[hot rod]] enthusiast Kenneth Goodson, died in a car crash when Forçade was a child.


After this, he moved to [[New York City]], where he first took over management of the [[Underground Press Syndicate]], a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines that he helped found.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JroUDAAAQBAJ&q=tom+Forçade|title=Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America|author=John McMillian|isbn=978-0195319927|date=February 17, 2011|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=120–126}}</ref><ref name=Yippie /> The name was changed to the Alternative Press Syndicate in 1973.
⚫
Forçade graduated from the [[University of Utah]] in 1967 with a degree in business administration. He went into the [[United States Air Force]] but was discharged after a few months. He used the skills he learned, however, to fly across the border for several years trafficking drugs from Mexico and Colombia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blacklistedjournalist.com/column68b.html|title=Tom Forcade, Social Architect|author=[[Al Aronowitz]]|website=The Blacklisted Journalist|access-date=2002-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thestonedsociety.com/featured/dana-beal-hippies-yippies-zippies-beatnicks/|title=Hippies, Yippies, Zippies and Beatnicks – A Conversation with Dana Beal|author=Arnett, Andrew|website=TheStonedSociety.com|publisher=The Stoned Society|access-date=21 July 2015|}}</ref> and used his proceeds to form a hippie commune and underground magazine called Orpheus. After this, he moved to [[New York City]], where he became famous for founding ''[[High Times]]'' as well as contributing funding to the [[Yippie]] newspaper, ''Yipster Times'',<ref name=Yippie>{{Cite book|title=Blacklisted News: Secret Histories from Chicago, '68, to 1984 | author=New Yippie Book Collective|isbn=9780912873008|publisher=Bleecker Publishing|date=1983| |chapter=''Zeitgeist: The Ballad of Tom Forcade'' by [[Steve Conliff]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-SG3oWUjhMC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=yippie+concerts&source=bl&ots=G51pTNsBrI&sig=Nw23nlCkXEYVzpaoavv6qR1lqng&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9xeXXvOTWAhWC5iYKHWPjD_YQ6AEIVzAJ#v=onepage&q=yippie%20concerts&f=false|title=Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific|author=Martin A. Lee|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thevillager.com/2018/02/25/yippies-vs-zippies-new-jerry-rubin-book-reveals-70s-counterculture-feud/|title=Yippies vs. Zippies: New Rubin book reveals ’70s counterculture feud|author=Reinholz, Mary|website=[[The Villager (Manhattan)|''The Villager'']]|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> while also bankrolling an ailing [[Punk (magazine)|''Punk'']] Magazine.<ref name="armstrong1981">Armstrong, David (1981). ''A trumpet to arms: alternative media in America.'' J.P. Tarcher, {{ISBN|978-0-87477-158-9}}</ref>


In 1970, Forcade was the first documented activist to use [[pieing]] as a form of protest, hitting Chairman [[Otto Larsen (sociology)|Otto Larsen]] during the [[President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/weekinreview/take-sugar-eggs-beliefs-and-aim.html|website=New York Times|title=Take Sugar, Eggs, Beliefs . . . And Aim|author=Vinciguerra, Thomas|date=10 December 2000}}</ref><ref name="nytpie">Staff report (May 13, 1970). [https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/14/archives/witness-presents-pornography-commissioner-with-a-pie-in-the-face.html Witness Presents Pornography Commissioner With a Pie (in the Face)]. ''[[New York Times]]''</ref><ref>Weiner, Rex (April 1, 2014). [http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/04/01/heres-pie-in-your-eye Here’s Pie in Your Eye]. ''[[The Paris Review]].''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/throwing-custard-pies-looks-like-fun-its-also-art|title=Throwing Custard Pies Looks Like Fun. It’s Also Art.|author=[[Anthony Haden-Guest]]|website=[[The Daily Beast]]|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref>
In 1970, Forçade was the first documented activist to use [[pieing]] as a form of protest, hitting Chairman [[Otto Larsen (sociologist)|Otto Larsen]] during the [[President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/weekinreview/take-sugar-eggs-beliefs-and-aim.html|website=New York Times|title=Take Sugar, Eggs, Beliefs . . . And Aim|author=Vinciguerra, Thomas|date=10 December 2000}}</ref><ref name="nytpie">{{cite news|author=Staff report |date=May 13, 1970 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/14/archives/witness-presents-pornography-commissioner-with-a-pie-in-the-face.html |title=Witness Presents Pornography Commissioner With a Pie (in the Face)|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Weiner |first=Rex |date=April 1, 2014 |url=http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/04/01/heres-pie-in-your-eye |title=Here’s Pie in Your Eye|work=[[The Paris Review]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/throwing-custard-pies-looks-like-fun-its-also-art|title=Throwing Custard Pies Looks Like Fun. It's Also Art.|first=Anthony |last=Haden-Guest|author-link=Anthony Haden-Guest|website=[[The Daily Beast]]|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref>


⚫
In summer 1974, he founded ''[[High Times]]'',<ref name=Nation2013>{{cite news|date=Oct 30, 2013|title=Baking Bad: A Potted History of 'High Times': The editors of the nation’s most popular pot magazine on its four decades-long fight to end cannabis prohibition|first=Atossa Araxia |last=Abrahamian |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/baking-bad-potted-history-high-times/|work=[[The Nation]]}}</ref> and contributed funding to the [[Yippie]] newspaper, ''Yipster Times'',<ref name=Yippie>{{Cite book|title=Blacklisted News: Secret Histories from Chicago, '68, to 1984 | author=New Yippie Book Collective | isbn=9780912873008 |publisher=Bleecker Publishing|date=1983}} (Chapter titled "''Zeitgeist: The Ballad of Tom Forçade''" by [[Steve Conliff]])</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-SG3oWUjhMC&q=yippie+concerts&pg=PA152|title=Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific|author=Martin A. Lee|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1536620085|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thevillager.com/2018/02/25/yippies-vs-zippies-new-jerry-rubin-book-reveals-70s-counterculture-feud/|title=Yippies vs. Zippies: New Rubin book reveals '70s counterculture feud|author=Reinholz, Mary|website=TheVillager.com|publisher=[[The Villager (Manhattan)]]|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> while also bankrolling the ailing [[Punk (magazine)|''Punk'']] magazine.<ref name="armstrong1981">Armstrong, David (1981). ''A trumpet to arms: alternative media in America.'' J.P. Tarcher, {{ISBN|978-0-87477-158-9}}</ref>
⚫
According to the 1990 nonfiction book ''12 Days on the Road: The Sex Pistols and America'', by Noel E. Monk and Jimmy Guterman, Forcade and his film crew followed the [[Sex Pistols]] through their chaotic January 1978 concerts of the U.S. South and West, using high-pressure tactics in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the band's management and record company to let him document the tour.


''High Times'' ran articles calling [[marijuana]] a "medical wonder drug" and ridiculing the US [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]. It became a huge success, with a circulation of more than 500,000 copies a month and revenues approaching $10 million by 1977, and was embraced by the young adult market as the bible of the alternative life culture. By 1977 ''High Times'' was selling as many copies an issue as'' [[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]] ''and ''[[National Lampoon (magazine)|National Lampoon]]''.
Forcade was a co-founder of the [[Underground Press Syndicate]], which he ran for many years. The name was changed to the Alternative Press Syndicate in 1973.

⚫
According to the 1990 nonfiction book ''12 Days on the Road: The Sex Pistols and America'', by Noel E. Monk,<ref>{{cite book|isbn=978-0688112745|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|title=12 Days on the Road : The Sex Pistols and America|author=Noel Monk|date=November 25, 1992}}</ref> Forçade and his film crew followed the [[Sex Pistols]] through their chaotic January 1978 concerts of the U.S. South and West, using high-pressure tactics in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the band's management and record company to let him document the tour.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POIVBgAAQBAJ&q=tom+Forçade&pg=PT200|title=The Last Party: Studio 54, Disco, and the Culture of the Night|author-first=Anthony |last=Haden-Guest|author-link=Anthony Haden-Guest|isbn=978-0061723742|publisher=It Books|date=December 8, 2009}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Forçade committed suicide by gunshot to the head in November 1978 in his [[Greenwich Village]] apartment after the death of his best friend, Jack Coombs.<ref name="Torgoff2004">{{cite book |first=Martin |last=Torgoff |authorlink=Martin Torgoff |title=Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000 |year=2004 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7432-5863-0 |page=269 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpqQTLE_qBEC&pg=PA269 }}</ref> Forcade had attempted suicide before and bequeathed [[trusts]] to benefit ''High Times'' and [[NORML]].
Forçade committed [[suicide]] by gunshot to the head in November 1978 in his [[Greenwich Village]] apartment after the death of his best friend, Jack Coombs.<ref name="Torgoff2004">{{cite book |first=Martin |last=Torgoff |author-link=Martin Torgoff |title=Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000 |year=2004 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7432-5863-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cantfindmywayhom00torg/page/269 269] |url=https://archive.org/details/cantfindmywayhom00torg |url-access=registration }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Resistance: A Radical Political and Social History of the Lower East Side|author=Clayton Patterson|isbn=9781583227459|publisher=[[Seven Stories Press]]|date=2007|pages=514–517}}</ref> Forçade had attempted suicide before and bequeathed [[trusts]] to benefit ''High Times'' and [[NORML]].{{cn|date=December 2022}} ''High Times''<nowiki>'</nowiki> former associate publisher, Rick Cusick, claims that, at Forçade's memorial — held on the roof of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] — mourners mixed a small amount of ashes from Forcade's [[cremation]] into a marijuana cigarette and they smoked it.<ref name=Nation2013 />


==References==
==References==
Line 35: Line 43:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://ww4report.com/node/3495 Biography of Forcade from World War 4 Report]
*[http://ww4report.com/node/3495 Biography of Forçade from World War 4 Report]
⚫
*{{YouTube|6KMMRZxY-e0|The Early Years of Tom Forçade}}
*[http://www.nndb.com/people/419/000048275/ Thomas King Forcade] profile on [[NNDB]]
⚫
*[https://potent.media/tom-Forçade-interview Tom Forçade Interview] (published posthumously in HiLife magazine, Sept 1979)
⚫
*{{YouTube|6KMMRZxY-e0|The Early Years of Tom Forcade}}
⚫
*[https://potent.media/tom-forcade-interview Tom Forcade Interview] (published posthumously in HiLife magazine, Sept 1979)
*[http://thevillager.com/2018/02/25/yippies-vs-zippies-new-jerry-rubin-book-reveals-70s-counterculture-feud/ Yippies vs. Zippies: New Rubin book reveals ’70s counterculture feud] ([[The Villager (Manhattan)|''The Villager'']] article by Mary Reinholz, 25 February 2018)
*[http://thevillager.com/2018/02/25/yippies-vs-zippies-new-jerry-rubin-book-reveals-70s-counterculture-feud/ Yippies vs. Zippies: New Rubin book reveals ’70s counterculture feud] ([[The Villager (Manhattan)|''The Villager'']] article by Mary Reinholz, 25 February 2018)


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Forcade, Tom}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Forçade, Tom}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:1978 suicides]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists who committed suicide]]
[[Category:20th-century American writers]]
[[Category:American cannabis activists]]
[[Category:American cannabis activists]]
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[[Category:American male journalists]]
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[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:American publishers (people)]]
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[[Category:Cannabis writers]]
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[[Category:American free speech activists]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in New York City]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in New York City]]
[[Category:20th-century American writers]]
[[Category:University of Utah alumni]]
[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:Writers from Phoenix, Arizona]]
[[Category:Yippies]]
[[Category:Yippies]]
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[[Category:American publishers (people)]]
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[[Category:Free speech activists]]
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[[Category:American political writers]]
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[[Category:Pranksters]]

Latest revision as of 15:05, 13 May 2024

Tom Forçade
Born
Thomas King Forçade

(1945-09-11)September 11, 1945
Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.
DiedNovember 17, 1978(1978-11-17) (aged 33)
New York City, U.S.
Other namesGary Goodson
EducationUniversity of Utah, 1967
Occupation(s)Underground journalist, publisher, activist
Years active1966–1978
Known forUnderground Press Syndicate
High Times magazine

Thomas King Forçade (September 11, 1945 – November 17, 1978), also known as Gary Goodson,[1] was an American underground journalist and cannabis rights activist in the 1970s. He was the founder of High Times magazine and for many years ran the Underground Press Syndicate (later called the Alternative Press Syndicate)[2]

Forçade published several other publications, such as Stoned, National Weed, Dealer and others, that, veiled as counterculture entertainment magazines, were laced with humor and savvy coverage of politics and popular culture, and served as a forum for some of the industry's best writers and artists.[citation needed] Many of Forçade's publications' writers went on to be published in premiere papers and magazines in North America.[citation needed]

Life and career[edit]

He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. His father, engineer and hot rod enthusiast Kenneth Goodson, died in a car crash when Forçade was a child.[citation needed]

Forçade graduated from the University of Utah in 1967 with a degree in business administration. He went into the United States Air Force but was discharged after a few months. He used the skills he learned, however, to fly across the border for several years, trafficking drugs from Mexico and Colombia.[3][4][5] He used the proceeds to form a hippie commune and underground magazine called Orpheus.

After this, he moved to New York City, where he first took over management of the Underground Press Syndicate, a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines that he helped found.[6][7] The name was changed to the Alternative Press Syndicate in 1973.

In 1970, Forçade was the first documented activist to use pieing as a form of protest, hitting Chairman Otto Larsen during the President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography.[8][9][10][11]

In summer 1974, he founded High Times,[5] and contributed funding to the Yippie newspaper, Yipster Times,[7][12][13] while also bankrolling the ailing Punk magazine.[14]

High Times ran articles calling marijuana a "medical wonder drug" and ridiculing the US Drug Enforcement Administration. It became a huge success, with a circulation of more than 500,000 copies a month and revenues approaching $10 million by 1977, and was embraced by the young adult market as the bible of the alternative life culture. By 1977 High Times was selling as many copies an issue as Rolling Stone and National Lampoon.

According to the 1990 nonfiction book 12 Days on the Road: The Sex Pistols and America, by Noel E. Monk,[15] Forçade and his film crew followed the Sex Pistols through their chaotic January 1978 concerts of the U.S. South and West, using high-pressure tactics in an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the band's management and record company to let him document the tour.[16]

Death[edit]

Forçade committed suicide by gunshot to the head in November 1978 in his Greenwich Village apartment after the death of his best friend, Jack Coombs.[17][18] Forçade had attempted suicide before and bequeathed trusts to benefit High Times and NORML.[citation needed] High Times' former associate publisher, Rick Cusick, claims that, at Forçade's memorial — held on the roof of the World Trade Center — mourners mixed a small amount of ashes from Forcade's cremation into a marijuana cigarette and they smoked it.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gross, Michael (February 18, 1991). "Ivana's Avenger". New York.
  2. ^ Bienenstock, David; and editors of High Times magazine (2008). Chapter 1 HIGHstory Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine. The Official High Times Pot Smokers Handbook: Featuring 420 Things to do When You're Stoned. Chronicle Books. ISBN 0811862054. ISBN 9780811862059.
  3. ^ Al Aronowitz. "Tom Forçade, Social Architect". The Blacklisted Journalist. Retrieved 2002-02-01.
  4. ^ Arnett, Andrew. "Hippies, Yippies, Zippies and Beatnicks – A Conversation with Dana Beal". TheStonedSociety.com. The Stoned Society. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (Oct 30, 2013). "Baking Bad: A Potted History of 'High Times': The editors of the nation's most popular pot magazine on its four decades-long fight to end cannabis prohibition". The Nation.
  6. ^ John McMillian (February 17, 2011). Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–126. ISBN 978-0195319927.
  7. ^ a b New Yippie Book Collective (1983). Blacklisted News: Secret Histories from Chicago, '68, to 1984. Bleecker Publishing. ISBN 9780912873008. (Chapter titled "Zeitgeist: The Ballad of Tom Forçade" by Steve Conliff)
  8. ^ Vinciguerra, Thomas (10 December 2000). "Take Sugar, Eggs, Beliefs . . . And Aim". New York Times.
  9. ^ Staff report (May 13, 1970). "Witness Presents Pornography Commissioner With a Pie (in the Face)". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Weiner, Rex (April 1, 2014). "Here's Pie in Your Eye". The Paris Review.
  11. ^ Haden-Guest, Anthony. "Throwing Custard Pies Looks Like Fun. It's Also Art". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  12. ^ Martin A. Lee (2012). Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1536620085.
  13. ^ Reinholz, Mary. "Yippies vs. Zippies: New Rubin book reveals '70s counterculture feud". TheVillager.com. The Villager (Manhattan). Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  14. ^ Armstrong, David (1981). A trumpet to arms: alternative media in America. J.P. Tarcher, ISBN 978-0-87477-158-9
  15. ^ Noel Monk (November 25, 1992). 12 Days on the Road : The Sex Pistols and America. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 978-0688112745.
  16. ^ Haden-Guest, Anthony (December 8, 2009). The Last Party: Studio 54, Disco, and the Culture of the Night. It Books. ISBN 978-0061723742.
  17. ^ Torgoff, Martin (2004). Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-7432-5863-0.
  18. ^ Clayton Patterson (2007). Resistance: A Radical Political and Social History of the Lower East Side. Seven Stories Press. pp. 514–517. ISBN 9781583227459.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Forçade&oldid=1223659144"