Andropogoneae: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Grassnest (talk | contribs)
75 edits
mNo edit summary
Grassnest (talk | contribs)
75 edits
m Delete Western Ghats
(8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 25: Line 25:
The '''Andropogoneae''', sometimes called the '''sorghum tribe''', are a large tribe of grasses (family [[Poaceae]]) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as [[maize]] (corn), [[sugarcane]], and [[sorghum]].<ref>Also called "[[kaoliang]]": "[[Shaanxi|Shensi]]", in ''The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia'' (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "[[Sorghum bicolor|gaoliang]]."</ref> All species in this tribe use [[C4 carbon fixation|C<sub>4</sub> carbon fixation]], which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015">{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Zuloaga |first5=Fernando O. |last6=Judziewicz |first6=Emmet J. |last7=Filgueiras |first7=Tarciso S. |last8=Davis |first8=Jerrold I. |last9=Morrone |first9=Osvaldo |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=117–137 |issn=1674-4918 |doi=10.1111/jse.12150|hdl=11336/25248 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref>
The '''Andropogoneae''', sometimes called the '''sorghum tribe''', are a large tribe of grasses (family [[Poaceae]]) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as [[maize]] (corn), [[sugarcane]], and [[sorghum]].<ref>Also called "[[kaoliang]]": "[[Shaanxi|Shensi]]", in ''The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia'' (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "[[Sorghum bicolor|gaoliang]]."</ref> All species in this tribe use [[C4 carbon fixation|C<sub>4</sub> carbon fixation]], which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015">{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Zuloaga |first5=Fernando O. |last6=Judziewicz |first6=Emmet J. |last7=Filgueiras |first7=Tarciso S. |last8=Davis |first8=Jerrold I. |last9=Morrone |first9=Osvaldo |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=117–137 |issn=1674-4918 |doi=10.1111/jse.12150|hdl=11336/25248 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref>


Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae together with its [[sister group]] [[Arundinelleae]]. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''[[incertae sedis]]''). [[Hybridisation (biology)|Hybridisation]] was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics is still not completely resolved.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015"/> From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (raceme rachis tough) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (raceme rachis fragile) is doubtful.<ref name=":0" /> Shahid Nawaz, a grass specialist at the Blatter Herbarium, is working on the [[phylogenomics]] of the tribe from India.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its [[sister group]] [[Arundinelleae]]. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''[[incertae sedis]]''). [[Hybridisation (biology)|Hybridisation]] was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015"/> From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is doubtful. Affinities within the tribe are complex and still under investigation.<ref name=":0" /> Shahid Nawaz, a grass specialist at the Blatter Herbarium, is working on the [[phylogenomics]] of the tribe from India.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}


According to preliminary [[Phytogeography|phytogeographic]] research on the tribe by [https://species.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/M.S._Kiran_Raj MS Kiran Raj], the [[Western Ghats]] region of [[Peninsular India]], home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, ''viz''., ''[[Bhidea]], [[Lophopogon]], [[Glyphochloa]], [[Pogonachne]], [[Trilobachne]], [[Pseudodichanthium]], [[Triplopogon]], [[Nanooravia]],'' and ''[[Manisuris]]'') and roughly 700 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like ''[[Arthraxon]],'' ''[[Chrysopogon]]'', ''[[Cymbopogon]]'', ''[[Dichanthium]]'', ''[[Dimeria]]'', ''[[Heteropogon (plant)|Heteropogon]],'' ''[[Ischaemum]], [[Ophiuros|Ophiorus]], [[Sehima]],'' and ''[[Themeda|Themeda.]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257952816_Grass_Diversity_of_Kerala_-_Endemism_and_its_Phytogeographical_significance |title=Grass Diversity of Kerala Endemism and its Phytogeographical Significance. In MK Jananrdhanan & D. Narasimhan (Eds.) Plant diversity, Human welfare and conservation. |vauthors=Raj, Kiran, MS, ((M. Sivadasan and N. Ravi)) |date=2003 |publisher=Goa University. |year=2003 |location=Goa |publication-date=2003 |pages=8-30}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kiranraj |first=MS |date=2008 |title=Taxonomic revision of the subtribe Dimeriinae Hack of Andropogoneae Panicoideae Poaceae in Peninsular India |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/7030 |url-status=live |website=Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET}}</ref>
According to preliminary [[Phytogeography|phytogeographic]] research on the tribe by [https://species.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/M.S._Kiran_Raj MS Kiran Raj], [[Peninsular India]], home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, ''viz''., ''[[Bhidea]], [[Lophopogon]], [[Glyphochloa]], [[Pogonachne]], [[Trilobachne]], [[Pseudodichanthium]], [[Triplopogon]], [[Nanooravia]],'' and ''[[Manisuris]]'') and roughly 500 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like ''[[Arthraxon]],'' ''[[Chrysopogon]]'', ''[[Cymbopogon]]'', ''[[Dichanthium]]'', ''[[Dimeria]]'', ''[[Heteropogon (plant)|Heteropogon]],'' ''[[Ischaemum]], [[Ophiuros|Ophiorus]], [[Sehima]],'' and ''[[Themeda|Themeda.]]''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257952816 |title=Grass Diversity of Kerala Endemism and its Phytogeographical Significance. In MK Jananrdhanan & D. Narasimhan (Eds.) Plant diversity, Human welfare and conservation. |vauthors=Raj, Kiran, MS, ((M. Sivadasan and N. Ravi)) |date=2003 |publisher=Goa University. |year=2003 |location=Goa |publication-date=2003 |pages=8–30}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kiranraj |first=MS |date=2008 |title=Taxonomic revision of the subtribe Dimeriinae Hack of Andropogoneae Panicoideae Poaceae in Peninsular India |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/7030 |website=Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Spikelets within the [[inflorescence]] (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where [[Awn (botany)|awns]] are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the [[Spikelet#lemma|lemma]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skendzic |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Columbus |first2=J. Travis |first3=Cerros-Tlatilpa |last3=Rosa |date=2007 |title=Phylogenetics of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences|url=https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/40/ |journal=Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=530-544 |doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.40 |access-date=14 April 2020|doi-access=free }}{{open access}}</ref>
Spikelets within the [[inflorescence]] (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where [[Awn (botany)|awns]] are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the [[Spikelet#lemma|lemma]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skendzic |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Columbus |first2=J. Travis |first3=Cerros-Tlatilpa |last3=Rosa |date=2007 |title=Phylogenetics of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences|url=https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/40/ |journal=Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=530–544 |doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.40 |access-date=14 April 2020|doi-access=free }}{{open access}}</ref>


==Subtribes and genera==
==Subtribes and genera==
Line 120: Line 120:
*''[[Pseudosorghum]]'' (syn. of ''Eulalia''?)
*''[[Pseudosorghum]]'' (syn. of ''Eulalia''?)
*''[[Saccharum]]''
*''[[Saccharum]]''
*''[[Sarga]]''
*''[[Sclerostachya]]''
*''[[Sclerostachya]]''
*''[[Sorghastrum]]''
*''[[Sorghastrum]]''
*''[[Sorghum]]'' (syn. ''[[Sarga]]'', ''[[Vacoparis]]'')
*''[[Sorghum]]'' (syn. ''[[Vacoparis]]'')
*''[[Trachypogon]]''
*''[[Trachypogon]]''
*''[[Tripidium]]''
*''[[Tripidium]]''
Line 154: Line 155:
*''[[Themeda]]''
*''[[Themeda]]''
}}
}}

== See Also[edit] ==

* [[Panicoideae|Subfamily Panicoideae]]
* [[List of Poaceae genera]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="SorengPeterson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262|doi-access=free|hdl=10261/240149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="SorengPeterson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=1674-4918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262|doi-access=free|hdl=10261/240149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
}}
}}


Revision as of 03:50, 15 May 2024

Andropogoneae
Andropogon scoparius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Clade: PACMAD clade
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Dumort. (1824)
Subtribes

12 subtribes, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Sacchareae Dumort. (1824)
  • Coiceae Nakai (1943)
  • Euchlaeneae Nakai (1943)
  • Imperateae Godr. & Gren. (1855)
  • Maydeae Dumort. (1824, nom. illeg.)
  • Ophiureae Dumort. (1824)
  • Rottboellieae Kunth (1829)
  • Sacchareae Rchb. ex Horan. (1847, as Saccharinae)
  • Tripsaceae C.E. Hubb. ex Nakai (1943)
  • Zeeae Rchb. (1828, unranked)
  • Zeeae Nakai (1943)

The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum.[2] All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.[3]

Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (incertae sedis). Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved.[3] From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is doubtful. Affinities within the tribe are complex and still under investigation.[4] Shahid Nawaz, a grass specialist at the Blatter Herbarium, is working on the phylogenomics of the tribe from India.[citation needed]

According to preliminary phytogeographic research on the tribe by MS Kiran Raj, Peninsular India, home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, viz., Bhidea, Lophopogon, Glyphochloa, Pogonachne, Trilobachne, Pseudodichanthium, Triplopogon, Nanooravia, and Manisuris) and roughly 500 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like Arthraxon, Chrysopogon, Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Dimeria, Heteropogon, Ischaemum, Ophiorus, Sehima, and Themeda.[5][4]

Description

Spikelets within the inflorescence (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where awns are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the lemma.[6]

Subtribes and genera

Classification following Soreng et al. (2017).[1]

incertae sedis
Arthraxoninae
Tripsacinae
Chionachninae
Coicinae
Rottboelliinae
Ischaeminae
Germainiinae
Saccharinae
Andropogoninae

See Also[edit]

References

  1. ^ a b Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. doi:10.1111/jse.12262. hdl:10261/240149. ISSN 1674-4918.
  2. ^ Also called "kaoliang": "Shensi", in The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "gaoliang."
  3. ^ a b Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. hdl:11336/25248. ISSN 1674-4918. Open access icon
  4. ^ a b Kiranraj, MS (2008). "Taxonomic revision of the subtribe Dimeriinae Hack of Andropogoneae Panicoideae Poaceae in Peninsular India". Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET.
  5. ^ Raj, Kiran, MS, M. Sivadasan and N. Ravi (2003). Grass Diversity of Kerala Endemism and its Phytogeographical Significance. In MK Jananrdhanan & D. Narasimhan (Eds.) Plant diversity, Human welfare and conservation. Goa: Goa University. pp. 8–30.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ^ Skendzic, Elizabeth; Columbus, J. Travis; Rosa, Cerros-Tlatilpa (2007). "Phylogenetics of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences". Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany. 23 (1): 530–544. doi:10.5642/aliso.20072301.40. Retrieved 14 April 2020.Open access icon


Stub icon

This Panicoideae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andropogoneae&oldid=1223913454"