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| taxon = Leucoagaricus
| taxon = Leucoagaricus
| authority = [[Locq.]] ex [[Rolf Singer|Singer]] (1948)
| authority = [[Locq.]] ex [[Rolf Singer|Singer]] (1948)
| type_species = ''[[Leucoagaricus macrorhizus]]''
| type_species = ''[[Leucoagaricus barssii|Leucoagaricus macrorhizus]]''
| type_species_authority = Locq. ex Singer (1948)
| type_species_authority = Locq. ex Singer (1948)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = Around 90, see [[List of Leucoagaricus species|List of ''Leucoagaricus'' species]]
| subdivision = [[List of Leucoagaricus species|List of ''Leucoagaricus'' species]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum: Leucoagaricus"/>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum: Leucoagaricus"/>
| synonyms = *''Attamyces'' {{small|[[Hanns Kreisel|Kreisel]] (1972)}}
| synonyms = *''Attamyces'' {{small|[[Hanns Kreisel|Kreisel]] (1972)}}
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}}
}}
[[File:Leucoagaricus leucothites a1.2.jpg|thumb|''[[Leucoagaricus leucothites]]'']]
[[File:Leucoagaricus leucothites a1.2.jpg|thumb|''[[Leucoagaricus leucothites]]'']]
[[File:Leucoagaricus nympharum1.jpg|alt=Leucoagaricus nympharum|thumb|[[Leucoagaricus nympharum|''Leucoagaricus nympharum'']]]]
[[File:Leucoagaricus nympharum1.jpg|alt=Leucoagaricus nympharum|thumb|''[[Leucoagaricus nympharum]]'']]

'''''Leucoagaricus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[fungi]] in the family [[Agaricaceae]]. Several [[fungus-growing ants]] cultivate multiple species for food.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hölldobler |first=Bert |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227016678 |title=The superorganism : the beauty, elegance, and strangeness of insect societies |date=2009 |publisher=W.W. Norton |others=Edward O. Wilson, Margaret Cecile Nelson |isbn=978-0-393-06704-0 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=227016678}}</ref> The genus contains approximately 90 species.<ref name="Kirk 2008"/>
'''''Leucoagaricus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[mushroom]]-forming [[fungi]] in the family [[Agaricaceae]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Index Fungorum - Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer (1948) |url=https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=17956 |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=www.indexfungorum.org}}</ref> As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of ''Leucoagaricus'' with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Leucoagaricus |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/names/names.asp?strGenus=Leucoagaricus&GSD=Yes |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref>'' ''[[Leucocoprinus]]'' is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from ''Leucoagaricus'' based on genetic data that demonstrates they are [[monophyletic]]. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in ''Leucocoprinus'' or the more persistent [[basidiocarp]]s (mushrooms) of ''Leucoagaricus'' as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in ''Leucoagaricus'' species.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Sysouphanthong |first1=P |last2=Thongklang |first2=N |date=2022 |title=Two new species of Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae) from the Lao People's Democratic Republic |url=https://www.creamjournal.org/pdf/CREAM_12_1_6.pdf |journal=Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) |volume=12 |pages=65–74 |doi=10.5943/cream/12/1/6 |via=www.creamjournal.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vellinga |first1=Else C. |last2=Sysouphanthong |first2=Phongeun |last3=Hyde |first3=Kevin D. |date=2011 |title=The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-204 |journal=Mycologia |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=494–509 |doi=10.3852/10-204 |pmid=21193599 |s2cid=10775394 |issn=0027-5514}}</ref> As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species ''[[Leucoagaricus gongylophorus]]'' is cultivated by [[fungus-growing ants]] but was formerly known as ''Leucocoprinus gongylophorus'' whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as [[Undescribed taxon|undescribed]] ''Leucocoprinus'' species.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Aylward FO, Burnum-Johnson KE, Tringe SG, Teiling C, Tremmel DM, Moeller JA, Scott JJ, Barry KW, Piehowski PD, Nicora CD, Malfatti SA, Monroe ME, Purvine SO, Goodwin LA, Smith RD, Weinstock GM, Gerardo NM, Suen G, Lipton MS, Currie CR |date=June 2013 |title=Leucoagaricus gongylophorus produces diverse enzymes for the degradation of recalcitrant plant polymers in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=3770–8 |doi=10.1128/AEM.03833-12 |pmc=3675943 |pmid=23584789|bibcode=2013ApEnM..79.3770A }}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
This group of mushrooms was first defined as a subgenus of ''[[Leucocoprinus]]'' by [[Marcel Locquin]] in 1945, and it was then elevated to the status of genus by [[Rolf Singer]] in the journal ''[[Sydowia (journal)|Sydowia]]'' in 1948. The group was characterized as belonging to family [[Agaricaceae]] with white, dirty cream or pink spores which are generally small (up to 10&nbsp;µm) but much bigger in one species, with a germ pore, with a pseudo-[[Amyloid (mycology)|amyloid]] multilayered membrane, simple or ornamented, which is [[Metachromasia|metachromatic]] in [[Brilliant cresyl blue|cresyl blue]]. The [[hypha]]e in the [[Sporocarp (fungi)|sporocarp]] are without [[clamp connections]]. There is always a [[Annulus (mycology)|ring]] which is initially fixed (but later may be movable).<ref name="Singer 1948"/>
This group of mushrooms was first defined as a subgenus of ''[[Leucocoprinus]]'' by [[Marcel Locquin]] in 1945, and it was then elevated to the status of genus by [[Rolf Singer]] in the journal ''[[Sydowia (journal)|Sydowia]]'' in 1948. The group was characterized as belonging to family [[Agaricaceae]] with white, dirty cream or pink spores which are generally small (up to 10&nbsp;μm) but much bigger in one species, with a germ pore, with a pseudo-[[Amyloid (mycology)|amyloid]] multilayered membrane, simple or ornamented, which is [[Metachromasia|metachromatic]] in [[Brilliant cresyl blue|cresyl blue]]. The [[hypha]]e in the [[Sporocarp (fungi)|sporocarp]] are without [[clamp connections]]. There is always a [[Annulus (mycology)|ring]] which is initially fixed (but later may be movable).<ref name="Singer 1948"/>


The type species is ''Leucoagaricus barssii'' (Zeller) Vellinga, which was formerly called ''L. macrorhizus''.
The type species is ''Leucoagaricus barssii'' (Zeller) Vellinga, which was formerly called ''L. macrorhizus''.

The genus ''Sericeomyces'' was created in 1978 by the Belgian mycologist [[Paul Heinemann]] to accommodate species with a silky covering to the cap<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heinemann |first=P. |date=1978 |title=Sericeomyces, genre nouveau de Leucocoprineae (Agaricaceae) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3667940 |journal=Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België |volume=48 |issue=3/4 |pages=399–407 |doi=10.2307/3667940 |jstor=3667940 |issn=0303-9153}}</ref> with 24 species being placed within this genus having been reclassified from ''[[Lepiota]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Sericeomyces |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/names/names.asp?strGenus=Sericeomyces&GSD=Yes |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref> However this classification has since been rejected as phylogenetic data demonstrated they were not distinct from ''Leucoagaricus.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vellinga |first=Else C. |date=2004 |title=Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756204009700 |journal=Mycological Research |volume=108 |issue=4 |pages=354–377 |doi=10.1017/s0953756204009700 |pmid=15209277 |issn=0953-7562}}</ref>

The genus is further divided based on its morphology with the section classifications:<ref name=":0" />

* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Annulati''
* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Leucoagaricus''
* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Piloselli''
* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Rubrotincti''
* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Sculpturati''
* ''Leucoagaricus'' section ''Sphaerocystophori''


==Species==
==Species==
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*''[[Leucoagaricus badhamii]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus badhamii]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus barssii]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus barssii]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus gaillardii]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus gongylophorus]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus gongylophorus]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus leucothites]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus leucothites]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus meleagris]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus meleagris]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus moseri]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus moseri]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus nympharum]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus sericifer]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus gujratensis]]''
*''[[Leucoagaricus thallensis]]''


{{Gallery |mode=packed
{{Gallery |mode=packed
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="Kirk 2008">{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=374 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>


<ref name="Singer 1948">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singer R |year=1948 |title=Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium |journal=[[Sydowia (journal)|Sydowia]] |language=Latin |volume=2 |page=35 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59633/0002/001/0035.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="Singer 1948">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singer R |year=1948 |title=Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium |journal=[[Sydowia (journal)|Sydowia]] |language=Latin |volume=2 |page=35 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59633/0002/001/0035.htm}}</ref>
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[[Category:Agaricales genera]]
[[Category:Agaricales genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Rolf Singer]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Rolf Singer]]


{{Agaricaceae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:46, 15 May 2024

Leucoagaricus
Leucoagaricus americanus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucoagaricus
Locq. ex Singer (1948)
Type species
Leucoagaricus macrorhizus
Locq. ex Singer (1948)
Species

List of Leucoagaricus species

Synonyms[1]
Leucoagaricus leucothites
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Leucoagaricus nympharum

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae.[2] As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year.[3] Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species.[4][5] As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.[6]

Taxonomy[edit]

This group of mushrooms was first defined as a subgenus of Leucocoprinus by Marcel Locquin in 1945, and it was then elevated to the status of genus by Rolf Singer in the journal Sydowia in 1948. The group was characterized as belonging to family Agaricaceae with white, dirty cream or pink spores which are generally small (up to 10 μm) but much bigger in one species, with a germ pore, with a pseudo-amyloid multilayered membrane, simple or ornamented, which is metachromatic in cresyl blue. The hyphae in the sporocarp are without clamp connections. There is always a ring which is initially fixed (but later may be movable).[7]

The type species is Leucoagaricus barssii (Zeller) Vellinga, which was formerly called L. macrorhizus.

The genus Sericeomyces was created in 1978 by the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann to accommodate species with a silky covering to the cap[8] with 24 species being placed within this genus having been reclassified from Lepiota.[9] However this classification has since been rejected as phylogenetic data demonstrated they were not distinct from Leucoagaricus.[10]

The genus is further divided based on its morphology with the section classifications:[4]

  • Leucoagaricus section Annulati
  • Leucoagaricus section Leucoagaricus
  • Leucoagaricus section Piloselli
  • Leucoagaricus section Rubrotincti
  • Leucoagaricus section Sculpturati
  • Leucoagaricus section Sphaerocystophori

Species[edit]

Main article: List of Leucoagaricus species

Select species include:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Synonymy: Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  2. ^ "Index Fungorum - Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer (1948)". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  3. ^ "Species Fungorum - Leucoagaricus". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  4. ^ a b Sysouphanthong, P; Thongklang, N (2022). "Two new species of Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae) from the Lao People's Democratic Republic" (PDF). Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology). 12: 65–74. doi:10.5943/cream/12/1/6 – via www.creamjournal.org.
  5. ^ Vellinga, Else C.; Sysouphanthong, Phongeun; Hyde, Kevin D. (2011). "The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera". Mycologia. 103 (3): 494–509. doi:10.3852/10-204. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 21193599. S2CID 10775394.
  6. ^ Aylward FO, Burnum-Johnson KE, Tringe SG, Teiling C, Tremmel DM, Moeller JA, et al. (June 2013). "Leucoagaricus gongylophorus produces diverse enzymes for the degradation of recalcitrant plant polymers in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79 (12): 3770–8. Bibcode:2013ApEnM..79.3770A. doi:10.1128/AEM.03833-12. PMC 3675943. PMID 23584789.
  7. ^ Singer R (1948). "Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium". Sydowia (in Latin). 2: 35.
  8. ^ Heinemann, P. (1978). "Sericeomyces, genre nouveau de Leucocoprineae (Agaricaceae)". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 48 (3/4): 399–407. doi:10.2307/3667940. ISSN 0303-9153. JSTOR 3667940.
  9. ^ "Species Fungorum - Sericeomyces". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  10. ^ Vellinga, Else C. (2004). "Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences". Mycological Research. 108 (4): 354–377. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009700. ISSN 0953-7562. PMID 15209277.
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