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{{about|the musical group The Master Musicians of Joujouka|the related group with a similar name|The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar}}
{{Infobox Musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
| Name = Master Musicians of Joujouka
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: | Img = 220px- Master Musicians of Joujouka 1970 detail.jpg -->
| Img_capt = Master Musicians of Joujouka's current leader Ahmed Attar dances as the Master Musicians of Joujouka featuring his father perform in 1970
| Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels -->
| Landscape =
| Background = group_or_band| Alias =
| Origin = {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Jajouka]], [[Joujouka]], [[Morocco]]
| Genre = [[Folk Music]], [[World music|World]],<br>[[Music of Morocco#Sufi music|Sufi music of Morocco]]
| Years_active = ? – present
| Label = [[Rolling Stones Records]],<br> [[Adelphi Records|Adelphi]], <br>[[Sub Rosa]]
| Associated_acts = [[William S. Burroughs]], <br> [[Brion Gysin]],<br>[[Mohamed Hamri]],<br>[[Brian Jones]],<br> [[Timothy Leary]], <br> [[Marianne Faithfull]], <br>[[Ornette Coleman]], <br>[[Rolling Stones]], <br>[[Scanner]], <br>[[Anita Pallenberg]], <br>[[Smashing Pumpkins]]
| URL = [http://www.joujouka.net Master Musicians of Joujouka official site]
| Current_members = Ahmed El Attar, Mohamed El Attar, Mustapha El Attar, Samir El Attar, Abdeslam Boukhzar, Ahmed El Bouhsini. Abdeslam Errtoubi, Radi El Khalil, Mohamed Mokhchan, Muinir Mujdoubi, Abdullah Ziyat
| Past_members = Deseased: Hadj Abdesalam Attar, Abdellah Attar, Mallim Fudal, Mohamed Attar (Berdouz), Tahir Boukhzar, Abdelslam El Attar, Mallim Sherkin, , Mujehid Mujdoubi, Ali Moujdoubi. Not deseased: Bachir Attar}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
The '''Master Musicians of Joujouka''' are an ensemble of [[Sufi]] [[trance]] [[musicians]] most famous for their connections with the [[Beat Generation]] and the [[Rolling Stones]] founder [[Brian Jones]]. These original musicians hail from the village of [[Joujouka]], [[Jajouka]], or officially Zahjouka (spelled جوجوكة or جهجوكة in Arabic) near [[Ksar-el-Kebir]] in the [[Ahl Srif]] mountain range of the southern [[Rif|Rif Mountains]] in northern [[Morocco]].


{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
== Background ==
| name = The Master Musicians of Joujouka
The Master Musicians of Joujouka are the group from their village with the longest history of being recorded by Western artists.<ref>Sleeve Note Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka, Rolling Stones Records, 1971</ref>
| background = group_or_band
| alias =
| image = <!-- Please do not add images of [[The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar]]. This article is not about that group.-->
| origin = [[Jajouka]], Morocco
| genre = [[Folk music]], [[World music|World]],<br />[[Music of Morocco#Classical Sufi music|Sufi music of Morocco]]
| years_active = early 1950s–present
| label = [[Rolling Stones Records]], [[Adelphi Records|Adelphi]], [[Sub Rosa (label)|Sub Rosa]], Ergot
| associated_acts = [[Brian Jones]], [[The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar]], [[Janes Addiction]], [[Jarvis Cocker]], [[The Orb]], [[William S. Burroughs]], [[Brion Gysin]], [[Ornette Coleman]], [[Billy Corgan]], [[Frank Rynne]]
| website = [http://www.joujouka.net Master Musicians of Joujouka official site]
| current_members = See: [[#Personnel|Members]]
}}


'''The Master Musicians of Joujouka''' are a collective of [[Jbala]] [[Sufi]] [[trance]] musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition.<ref name=":2" /> The collective was first documented by Western journalists in the early 1950s,<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|title=Inside the Oldest, Most Exclusive Dance Party in the World|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/morocco-dance-party-joujouka-brian-jones-41356/|last=Gerber|first=Suzanne|date=2015-06-12|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> and was brought to widespread international attention by [[Brian Jones]] in 1969.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Master Musicians of Jajouka {{!}} Biography & History|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-master-musicians-of-jajouka-mn0000402640/biography|publisher=AllMusic|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> They have collaborated with many Western rock and jazz musicians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Quietus {{!}} Features {{!}} Afrosonic {{!}} Jajouka Or Joujouka? The Conflicted Legacy of the Master Musicians|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/07488-master-musicians-of-jajouka-joujouka-glastonbury|website=The Quietus|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>
The Master Musicians of Joujouka adhere to the traditional [[Sufi]] [[trance]] music of their patron saint passed down for 1200 years. [[Timothy Leary]] having visited the village in [[1970]] wrote an essay on his time with [[Mohamed Hamri]] and the master musicians in his 1971 book "Jail Notes" called "The four thousand year old [[rock'n'roll]] band".<ref>Lear Timothy, Jail Notes, (New York, 1971)</ref> Leary based his dating on [[William Burroughs]]'s belief that the ritual Boujeloud, performed in Jajouka, owes its origin to the [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] [[deity]] [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]].


The collective includes more than 50 musicians from the village of [[Jajouka]] (sometimes spelled as Joujouka or Zahjouka), in the [[Rif|Rif Mountains]] of northern [[Morocco]]. All members are the sons of previous members, and adopt the surname ''Attar'' ("perfume maker").<ref name=":2" /> In the 1990s, the collective split into two factions, with the other currently known as [[The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar]].<ref name=":0" />
Before the [[Alaouite dynasty]], the masters used to play in [[medieval]] times for [[sultan]]s in their courts, travelling with them and announcing their arrival to villages and cities.


==Beat Generation==
==History==
The Master Musicians of Joujouka perform a variety of [[Sufism|Sufi]] music that is believed to be more than one thousand years old.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joujouka Masters Musicians: The Healing Power of a 4000 year old Music|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2013/03/84230/joujouka-masters-musicians-the-healing-power-of-a-4000-year-old-music/|author=Staff writer|date=2013-03-27|website=Morocco World News|language=en-US|access-date=2023-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Morocco's Joujouka Music Festival is Cool but not 4,000 Years Old|url=https://stepfeed.com/morocco-s-joujouka-music-festival-is-cool-but-not-4-000-years-old-3155|last=Lemon|first=Jason|date=2015-06-16|website=StepFeed|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> The collective became an item of interest for members of the [[Beat Generation]] in the 1950s, when Moroccan folklorist [[Mohamed Hamri]] informed European colleagues about the group's music.<ref name=":0" /> Hamri operated a restaurant in [[Tangier]] that was frequented by European musicians and artists, and the Master Musicians often played there.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goodall|first=Mark|title=Gathering of the Tribe: Music and Heavy Conscious Creation|publisher=Headpress|year=2013|isbn=978-1900486859}}</ref> [[Brion Gysin]], [[Paul Bowles]], and [[William S. Burroughs]] all wrote about the group and one of them may have coined the name "The Master Musicians of Joujouka" during this period.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Discord among the Master Musicians|url=https://www.overgrownpath.com/2011/05/discord-among-master-musicians.html|last=Pliable|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> [[Timothy Leary]] famously, but erroneously, described the group and its music as "4000 years old", which has been repeated in many sources. The figure actually applies to previous Sufi traditions and not to the group or its music specifically.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fuson|first=Tim|date=Winter 1996|title=Renewed Pandemonium: The Continuing Legend of the Master Musicians of Jajouka|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.4750978.0003.217|journal=Journal of the International Institute|volume=3|issue=2|hdl=2027/spo.4750978.0003.217|issn=1558-741X}}</ref>
[[Image:395px-Burroughs1983 crop.jpg|thumb|left|250px|William Burroughs in 1983]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Keeping traditions alive.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Masters playing together in Joujouka]] -->
Their first exposure to Western audiences came through their introduction to the [[Beat generation]]. Painter/folklorist [[Mohamed Hamri]], whose mother was an Attar from the village, led artist [[Brion Gysin]] to Jajouka to meet the group. Gysin became fascinated with the group's music and led writer [[William Burroughs]] to the village. Burroughs described it as the world's oldest music and was the first person to call the musicians a "4000-year-old [[rock and roll]] band". In [[Tangier]], Gysin and Hamri founded the 1001 Nights restaurant, in which the musicians played throughout the [[1950]]s to a largely [[Western world|Western]] audience in what was then an [[City-state|international zone]], the [[Interzone (book)]] of [[William S. Burroughs]]' fiction.


[[Brian Jones]] visited the collective many times while traveling in Morocco and in 1969 became the first Western musician to record with them. The album ''[[Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka]]'' was released in 1971 after Jones's death.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brian Jones Presents: The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka – The Master Musicians of Jajouka {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/brian-jones-presents-the-master-musicians-of-jajouka-mw0000176405|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> The collective played on the 1973 album ''[[Dancing in Your Head]]'' by [[Ornette Coleman]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Dancing in Your Head|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/dancing-in-your-head-249949/|last=Swenson|first=John|date=1977-09-22|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> Arnold Stahl oversaw recording of the double album ''Tribe Ahl Serif: Master Musicians of Jajouka'' in 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Stenshoel's album of the week: Tribe Ahl Sherif's Master Musicians of Jajouka|url=https://www.scpr.org/blogs/offramp/2011/01/19/2567/peter-stenshoels-album-week-brian-jones-presents-p/|last=Radio|first=Southern California Public|date=2011-01-19|website=Southern California Public Radio|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>


In the early 1990s, the collective split into two factions, as first reported by visiting musician [[Lee Ranaldo]].<ref name="ranaldo">{{Cite journal | first=Lee | last=Ranaldo | author-link=Lee Ranaldo | title=Into The Mystic: Lee Ranaldo's Jajouka Journal | journal=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] | issue=150 |date=August 1996 }}</ref> The faction fostered by Mohamed Hamri, and led by Ahmed Attar, retained the name "The Master Musicians of Joujouka". Meanwhile, another faction led by Bachir Attar, whose father had led the group during the Brian Jones period, took on the name "[[The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=No Stone unturned|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/no-stone-unturned-1592456.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/no-stone-unturned-1592456.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=1995-07-21|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> The second group attracted protests at concerts in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=1995-10-12|title=The Pop Life|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/12/arts/the-pop-life-057142.html|access-date=2020-05-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and international journalists noted that the schism created discord in the collective's home village.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Master Musicians of Joujouka: The Faded Myth of the Goat-God – Qantara.de|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/the-master-musicians-of-joujouka-the-faded-myth-of-the-goat-god|website=Qantara.de – Dialogue with the Islamic World|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Past masters|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/past-masters-1.502706|website=The National|date=6 March 2009 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> Other journalists and fans conceded that both groups were working to preserve their ancient musical heritage.<ref name=":0" />


The collective retaining the original name, and led by Ahmed Attar, resumed recording in the 1990s, releasing the album ''[[Joujouka Black Eyes]]'' in 1995.<ref>{{Citation|title=Joujouka Black Eyes – The Master Musicians of Joujouka {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/joujouka-black-eyes-mw0000178764|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> They appeared on the various-artists albums ''Sufi: Moroccan Trance II'' in 1996<ref>{{Citation|title=Moroccan Trance Music, Vol. 2: Sufi – The Gnoua Brotherhood of Marrakesh, The Master Musicians of Joujouka {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/moroccan-trance-music-vol-2-sufi-mw0000209009|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> and ''10%: File under Burroughs'' (a tribute to early supporter William S. Burroughs) the same year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ambrose|first=Joe|title=Chelsea Hotel Manhattan: A Raw Eulogy to a New York Icon|publisher=Headpress|year=2007|isbn=978-1900486606}}</ref> Their most recent studio album is ''[[Boujeloud]],'' released in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Master Musicians of Joujouka: Boujeloud|url=https://www.popmatters.com/the-master-musicians-of-joujouka-boujeloud-2495729643.html|date=2006-11-19|website=PopMatters|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> In 2011 they made a guest appearance on the album ''[[The Great Escape Artist]]'' by [[Jane's Addiction]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Blabbermouth |date=2011-04-12 |title=JANE'S ADDICTION Collaborates With Master Musicians of Joujouka |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/jane-s-addiction-collaborates-with-master-musicians-of-joujouka/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite magazine |date=2011-04-22 |title=Jane's Addiction, "End to the Lies" |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/janes-addiction-end-to-the-lies-1067821/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> The group frequently appears at music festivals in Europe,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Swash |first1=Rosie |last2=Gabbatt |first2=Adam |date=2011-06-24 |title=Glastonbury 2011 live: Friday 24 June |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/24/glastonbury-2011-live-friday |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=On y était : le festival Villa Aperta 2013 à Rome |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/on-y-etait-le-festival-villa-aperta-2013-a-rome-118210-10-06-2013/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=Les Inrocks |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-12 |title=Au Maroc, le village de Jajouka abrite le plus vieux groupe de rock du monde |url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/au-maroc-le-village-de-jajouka-abrite-le-plus-vieux-groupe-de-rock-du-monde,147163.php |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=Télérama |language=fr}}</ref> and made an acclaimed live appearance at the [[BBC Radio 4]], hosted by [[Jarvis Cocker]], in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 – Wireless Nights, Series 5, Joujouka |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08hmd23 |access-date=2022-12-02 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hepworth|first=David|date=2017-03-11|title=This week's best radio: Jarvis Cocker heads to Morocco's mountains|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/mar/11/jarvis-cocker-master-musicians-joujouka|access-date=2020-05-28|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The same year the group toured Japan headlining Festival de Frue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2018/10/25/music/amid-japans-multitude-music-festivals-frue-worth-celebrating/|title = Amid Japan's multitude of music festivals, Frue is worth celebrating|date = 25 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, they collaborated with [[the Orb]] to create the live sound for the [[Dior]] Cruise Show in Marrakesh under the musical direction of Michel Gaubert.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/icon/mode/article193577229/Michel-Gaubert-Prelude-von-Simon-Grab-koennte-mein-Sex-Song-des-Tages-sein.html|title=Michel Gaubert: "'Prelude' von Simon Grab könnte mein Sex-Song des Tages sein"|newspaper=Die Welt|date=16 May 2019|last1=Sack|first1=Adriano}}</ref> They continue to operate out of their home village of Jajouka, where they also host an annual festival that is limited to 50 guests.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=A musical mecca |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/a-musical-mecca-1.536604 |access-date=2022-12-02 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> On 30 May 2023, [[Glastonbury Festival]] announced that the band would open the main Pyramid Stage at [[Glastonbury Festival 2023]], playing alongside [[Arctic Monkeys]] and [[Guns N' Roses]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Glastonbury festival announces full lineup, adding Queens of the Stone Age, Skepta and more|url=https://theguardian.com/music/2023/may/30/glastonbury-festival-announces-full-lineup-for-2023-adding-queens-of-the-stone-age-skepta-and-more|access-date=2023-06-08|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>


==Discography==

;Albums

*''[[Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka]]'' (1971)

*''Tribe Ahl Serif: Master Musicians of Jajouka'' (1974)

* ''[[Joujouka Black Eyes]]'' (1995)

*''[[Boujeloud (album)|Boujeloud]]'' (2006)

*''Into the Ahl Srif: Master Musicians of Joujouka'' (2015)

*''Live in Paris: The Master Musicians of Joujouka'' 2x vinyl (2021)





==Brian Jones and Ornette Coleman==
[[Image:Jonesnote.jpg|180px|thumb|left|Inside cover of ''[[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] a recording of [[Master Musicians of Joujouka]]]]
When [[Rolling Stones]] lead guitarist [[Brian Jones]] visited Morocco in 1968, Gysin and Hamri took him to the village to record the Master Musicians of Joujouka in the ground-breaking release ''[[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]'', whose original release featured cover artwork by Hamri before a controversial 1990s redesign which appeared as [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka]]. [[Ornette Coleman]] recorded with the musicians in January 1973 some results of which featured on his LP [[Dancing In My Head]]. A second L.P. "Master Musicians of Jajouka" was released in 1974.

















== 1990s to present CD and DVD releases==
[[Image:Boujeloud.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Boujeloud]] CD Cover 2006]]
The Master Musicians of Joujouka, now led by Ahmed Attar, released their third album [[Joujouka Black Eyes]], on [[Sub Rosa (label)|Sub Rosa]] in 1995. In 1996 "Sufi: Moroccan Trance II" was released, an album featuring the Sufi music of Jajouka's saint Sidi Ahmed Scheech and also [[Gnawa music]] from Marrakesh. The same year "10%: file under Burroughs" featured the Master Musicians of Joujouka in collaboration with [[Marianne Faithfull]] on "My Only Friend", an homage to Brion Gysin, as well as a prayer giving blessings and a vocal track by the musicians. The same CD features artists such as [[Scanner]] sampling the master musicians to create homages to [[Brion Gysin]] and [[William Burroughs]]. Other artists on "10%:file under Burroughs" include [[Bill Laswell]], [[Herbert Huncke]], [[William Burroughs]], [[Bomb the Bass]], [[Brion Gysin]], [[Chuck Prophet]] and [[Stanley Booth]]. These CDs were produced by [[Frank Rynne]].

Hamri continued to promote Joujouka music as President of their collectives' organisation [[Association Srifiya Folkloric]] until his death in Joujouka in August 2000. Despite Hamri's death in 2000 the musicians continue to work in Joujouka and abroad.
The Master Musicians of Joujouka living in the village of Joujouka include Ahmed El Attar, Abdeslam Boukhzar, Mohamed El Attar, Abdeslam Errtoubi, Ahmed Bousini, Mustapha El Attar, Radi El Khalil, Abdullah Ziyat, and Mohamed Mokhchan, as well as other members of their Sufi community and their children.

The musicians travelled to perform in at [[Casa Da Musica]],[[Porto, Portugal]] in spring 2006. Their most recent CD [[Boujeloud]] recorded over a four year period; documenting the music of the Boujeloud or [[Pan]] ritual, was released in September 2006.

A DVD, "Destroy all Rational Thought", featuring their 1992 performances at the [[Here To Go Show]] in [[Dublin]] [[Ireland]] was released in 2007. The documentary also feature the music of [[Bill Laswell]], [[Material]] ,and [[Shabba Ranks]]. It also features the artist [[Brion Gysin]] and writer [[William Burroughs]] whose works were the focus of the show.

== Music and instruments ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:master musicians of joujouka.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The group in their mountain village in December 2005]] -->



The Joujouka brotherhood play a form of [[Reed (music)|reed]], [[Pan pipes|pipe]], and [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] music that relies on [[Drone (music)|drone]]s, [[improvisation]], and complex [[rhythm]]s, much of which is unique to [[Joujouka]].

Their [[flute]] is called the ''lira'' and is considered the oldest instrument in Jajouka. The double-reed instrument is called the ''[[rhaita]]''; it is similar to an [[oboe]], but possessing a louder sound and more penetrating tone. The [[drum]] is called the ''tebel'' and is made of goat skin and played with two wooden sticks. There is also another goat-skin drum called the ''tarija'' which allows for more fast-paced [[virtuoso|virtuosity]].

The music itself is considered to be part of the [[Sufism|Sufi]] tradition of [[Islam]]. Prior to the colonization of Morocco by [[France]] and [[Spain]], master musicians of the village were said to be the royal musicians of the sultans. In past centuries master musicians of the Jajouka village traditionally were excused by the country's rulers from manual labor, goat-herding, and farming to concentrate on their music because the music's powerful [[Altered state of consciousness|trance]] rhythms and droning woodwinds were traditionally considered to have the power to heal the sick.

The music of the region has a strong connection to [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]]. According to the tale, thousands of years ago a [[goat]]-man called "Bou Jeloud" appeared to an Attar ancestor in a cave, and danced to his music. The musicians of the village re-enact this event annually.

== Discography ==
* [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] (1971)
* "Master Musicians of Jajouka" (1974)
* [[Joujouka Black Eyes]] (1995)
* ''Moroccan Trance Music: Vol. 2: Sufi'' (featuring Gnoua Brotherhood of Marrakesh and The Master Musicians of Joujouka, 1996)
* 1O%: file under Burroughs own track plus separate collaborations with [[Marianne Faithfull]], [[William Buroughs]] and [[Scanner]].
* [[Boujeloud]] (2006)

==Books==
[[Tales of Joujouka]] by Mohamed Hamri

== Master Musicians of Joujouka who performed on [[Boujeloud]],[[Joujouka Black Eyes]], and "Sufi" plus some other album credits==
* '''Ahmed El Attar''' drum and vocal also [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]1971, “Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974, and [[Boujeloud]]
* '''Mohamed El Attar''' lira and rhiata and vocals
* '''Mustapha El Attar''' drum
* '''Ahmed Bouhsini''' rhiata lira also [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] :1971 “Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974,
* '''Abdelslam Boukhzar''' drum vocal also played on [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]1971, “Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974, [[Steel Wheels]] by [[Rolling Stones]], and "Apocalypse Across the sky" by [[Bill Laswell]]
* '''Abdelslam Errtoubi''' rhiata and lira [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] 1971,“Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974,
* '''Mujehid Mujdoubi''' lira also [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]1971, “Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974,
* '''Muinier Mujdoubi''' drum
* '''Muckthar Jagdhal''' drum and vocal also played on [[Steel Wheels]] by [[Rolling Stones]], "Apocalypse Acrss the Sky" by [[Bill Laswell]]
* '''Mohamed Mokhchan''' rhiata and lira also [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] 1971, “Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974,
* '''Abdelslam Dahnoun''' drum, rhiata, lira [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]1971
* '''Abdellah Ziyat''' Rhiata, lira, vocal
* '''El Hadj''' clapping and vocal [[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]]1971,“Master Musicians of Jajouka” 1974.
* '''Si Ahmed''' violin


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==See also==
== Further reading ==
*'''[[Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka]] LP (1971)'''
*'''[[Tales of Joujouka]] Book'''
*'''[[Jajouka]]The Village'''
*'''[[Boujeloud]]CD, 2006'''
*'''[[Rhaita]] Instrument'''
*'''[[Joujouka Black Eyes]] CD'''
*'''[[Mohamed Hamri]] Mentor, Leader, Songwriter, painter'''
*'''[[Brian Jones]] Producer'''
*'''[[William S. Burroughs]] Propagator influenced by, friend and life-long supporter'''
*'''[[Brion Gysin]] Mentor, Artist'''
*'''[[Marianne Faithfull]] Collaborateur'''
*'''[[Timothy Leary]] Friend and writer about... see Jail Notes '''
*'''[[Frank Rynne]] Producer'''
*'''[[Bill Laswell]] Producer and collaborateur'''
*'''[[Beat Generation]]'''
*'''[[Jebala]]''' Ethnic group

== Further reading ==
* Hamri, Mohamed (1975), ''[[Tales of Joujouka]]''. Capra Press.
* Hamri, Mohamed (1975), ''[[Tales of Joujouka]]''. Capra Press.
*Gysin , Brion, ''The Process''.
*Gysin, Brion, ''The Process''.
* Schuyler, Philip (2000) [http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft8k4008kx&chunk.id=ch6&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch6&brand=eschol "Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah – Moroccan Music and Euro-American Imagination"], in Armbrust, Walter, editor. "Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond". Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
* Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". ''Rolling Stone''.
* Strauss, Neil (October 12, 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". ''The New York Times''.
* Strauss, Neil (12 October 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". ''The New York Times''.
* Davis, Stephen (1993). ''Jajouka Rolling Stone: A Fable of Gods and Heroes.'' Random House.
* Palmer, Robert (14 October 1971). ''Jajouka: Up the Mountain''. Rolling Stone..
* Davis, Stephen (2001). ''Old Gods Almost Dead''. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–505, 508.
* Trynka, Paul (2014) ''Brian Jones: The Making of The Rolling Stones'' Random House.
* Sword, Harry (2021). ''Monolithic Undertoe'' White Rabbit Books.


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.joujouka.net/ Master Musicians of Joujouka. Official site of the Sufi Brotherhood living in Joujouka]
* [http://www.joujouka.net/ Master Musicians of Joujouka. Official site of the Sufi Brotherhood living in Joujouka]

* [http://www.myspace.com/mastermusiciansofjoujouka Master Musicians of Joujouka official myspace page]
{{Authority control}}
* [http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/3333 Review of latest CD "Boujeloud" on Dusted.com]

* [http://joujouka.net/5Gallery/ Photos of the Master Musicians of Joujouka live at [[Casa da Música]], Porto, 1/4/2006]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Master Musicians of Joujouka}}
*[http://joujouka.net/3Joujouka-published/ Campion, Chris (August 1995). "Night Spirit Masters", "The Wire".] Click link for article pdf
[[Category:Berber music]]
* [http://joujouka.net/2Legacy/41/mohamed-hamri-obituary-in-the-independent-london Obituary of Hamri from The Independent (London, 19 Oct 2000) pdf download of original article at bottom of text]. Retrieved 06/08/2007
[[Category:Moroccan folk musicians]]
* [http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-587/_nr-14/i.html?PHPSESSID=586932399788bbaf8 "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: The Faded Myth of the Goat-God"]. ''Qantara.de''. Fariborz, Arian (2005). Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
[[Category:Moroccan world music groups]]
* [http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/38216/Master_Musicians_of_Joujouka_Cavort_With_Corgan "Master Musicians of Joujouka Cavort With Corgan" Report and photo of Billy Corgan of Smashing Pumpkins and Master Musicians of Joujouka]. ''Pitchfork'' (August 29, 2006). Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
[[Category:Performers of Sufi music]]
* [http://www.thewire.co.uk/archive/essays/ranaldo.html "Into The Mystic"]. ''The Wire''. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007 Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). .
* [http://www.telquel-online.com/239/arts1_239.shtml "Souvenirs. Sur les traces des Rolling Stones"]. ''Telquel Online''. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.{{fr icon}} Alaoui, Mehdi Sekkouri (September 22, 2006).
* [http://www.thehandstand.org/archive/january2006/articles/frynne.htm "Joujouka Comes Into the 21st Century"]. ''The Handstand''. Rynne, Frank (January 2006). Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007.
* [http://www.popmatters.com/pm/music/reviews/6873/the-master-musicians-of-joujouka-boujeloud/ "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: ''Boujeloud''"]. ''Pop Matters''. Sole, Deanne (November 19, 2006). Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007
* [http://hesterglock.com/linksphwritingsandwords/phjoujoukaviacash.htm "Joujouka Via Johnny Cash : An extensive interview with Frank Rynne talking about more than 15 years managing, working and recording The Master Musicians of Joujouka."]. This interview appears on The Brink, The Handstand, The Lazarus Corporation and hesterglock. (August 2007) Retrieved Nov. 16th 2007
* [http://hesterglock.com/linksphwritingsandwords/phdestroyinterview.htm "An interview which discusses the film which features The Master Musicians of Joujouka."] This interview currently appears on The Handstand, The Brink and hesterglock (April 2007)
* [http://rapidshare.com/files/97298937/The_Master_Musicians_Of_Joujouka_-_Recorded_Live_In_France.zip Download Master Musicians of Joujouka concert live in 1980 for free]
[[Category:Moroccan music]]
[[Category:Moroccan musical groups]]
[[Category:Sufi music]]
[[Category:Trance musicians]]
[[Category:Joujouka]]
[[Category:Jajouka]]
[[Category:Jajouka]]
[[Category:Trance music groups]]
[[Category:Sub Rosa Records artists]]

Latest revision as of 18:18, 7 February 2024

This article is about the musical group The Master Musicians of Joujouka. For the related group with a similar name, see The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar.

The Master Musicians of Joujouka
OriginJajouka, Morocco
GenresFolk music, World,
Sufi music of Morocco
Years activeearly 1950s–present
LabelsRolling Stones Records, Adelphi, Sub Rosa, Ergot
MembersSee: Members
WebsiteMaster Musicians of Joujouka official site

The Master Musicians of Joujouka are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition.[1] The collective was first documented by Western journalists in the early 1950s,[2] and was brought to widespread international attention by Brian Jones in 1969.[1] They have collaborated with many Western rock and jazz musicians.[3]

The collective includes more than 50 musicians from the village of Jajouka (sometimes spelled as Joujouka or Zahjouka), in the Rif Mountains of northern Morocco. All members are the sons of previous members, and adopt the surname Attar ("perfume maker").[1] In the 1990s, the collective split into two factions, with the other currently known as The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar.[3]

History[edit]

The Master Musicians of Joujouka perform a variety of Sufi music that is believed to be more than one thousand years old.[4][5] The collective became an item of interest for members of the Beat Generation in the 1950s, when Moroccan folklorist Mohamed Hamri informed European colleagues about the group's music.[3] Hamri operated a restaurant in Tangier that was frequented by European musicians and artists, and the Master Musicians often played there.[6] Brion Gysin, Paul Bowles, and William S. Burroughs all wrote about the group and one of them may have coined the name "The Master Musicians of Joujouka" during this period.[2][7] Timothy Leary famously, but erroneously, described the group and its music as "4000 years old", which has been repeated in many sources. The figure actually applies to previous Sufi traditions and not to the group or its music specifically.[8]

Brian Jones visited the collective many times while traveling in Morocco and in 1969 became the first Western musician to record with them. The album Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka was released in 1971 after Jones's death.[9] The collective played on the 1973 album Dancing in Your Head by Ornette Coleman.[10] Arnold Stahl oversaw recording of the double album Tribe Ahl Serif: Master Musicians of Jajouka in 1974.[11]

In the early 1990s, the collective split into two factions, as first reported by visiting musician Lee Ranaldo.[12] The faction fostered by Mohamed Hamri, and led by Ahmed Attar, retained the name "The Master Musicians of Joujouka". Meanwhile, another faction led by Bachir Attar, whose father had led the group during the Brian Jones period, took on the name "The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar".[13] The second group attracted protests at concerts in the United Kingdom,[14] and international journalists noted that the schism created discord in the collective's home village.[15][16] Other journalists and fans conceded that both groups were working to preserve their ancient musical heritage.[3]

The collective retaining the original name, and led by Ahmed Attar, resumed recording in the 1990s, releasing the album Joujouka Black Eyes in 1995.[17] They appeared on the various-artists albums Sufi: Moroccan Trance II in 1996[18] and 10%: File under Burroughs (a tribute to early supporter William S. Burroughs) the same year.[19] Their most recent studio album is Boujeloud, released in 2006.[20] In 2011 they made a guest appearance on the album The Great Escape Artist by Jane's Addiction.[21][22] The group frequently appears at music festivals in Europe,[23][24][25] and made an acclaimed live appearance at the BBC Radio 4, hosted by Jarvis Cocker, in 2017.[26][27] The same year the group toured Japan headlining Festival de Frue.[28] In April 2019, they collaborated with the Orb to create the live sound for the Dior Cruise Show in Marrakesh under the musical direction of Michel Gaubert.[29] They continue to operate out of their home village of Jajouka, where they also host an annual festival that is limited to 50 guests.[2][30] On 30 May 2023, Glastonbury Festival announced that the band would open the main Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury Festival 2023, playing alongside Arctic Monkeys and Guns N' Roses.[31]

Discography[edit]

Albums

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "The Master Musicians of Jajouka | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Gerber, Suzanne (12 June 2015). "Inside the Oldest, Most Exclusive Dance Party in the World". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d "The Quietus | Features | Afrosonic | Jajouka Or Joujouka? The Conflicted Legacy of the Master Musicians". The Quietus. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  4. ^ Staff writer (27 March 2013). "Joujouka Masters Musicians: The Healing Power of a 4000 year old Music". Morocco World News. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  5. ^ Lemon, Jason (16 June 2015). "Morocco's Joujouka Music Festival is Cool but not 4,000 Years Old". StepFeed. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  6. ^ Goodall, Mark (2013). Gathering of the Tribe: Music and Heavy Conscious Creation. Headpress. ISBN 978-1900486859.
  7. ^ Pliable. "Discord among the Master Musicians". Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  8. ^ Fuson, Tim (Winter 1996). "Renewed Pandemonium: The Continuing Legend of the Master Musicians of Jajouka". Journal of the International Institute. 3 (2). hdl:2027/spo.4750978.0003.217. ISSN 1558-741X.
  9. ^ Brian Jones Presents: The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka – The Master Musicians of Jajouka | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 28 May 2020
  10. ^ Swenson, John (22 September 1977). "Dancing in Your Head". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. ^ Radio, Southern California Public (19 January 2011). "Peter Stenshoel's album of the week: Tribe Ahl Sherif's Master Musicians of Jajouka". Southern California Public Radio. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  12. ^ Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). "Into The Mystic: Lee Ranaldo's Jajouka Journal". The Wire (150).
  13. ^ "No Stone unturned". The Independent. 21 July 1995. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  14. ^ Strauss, Neil (12 October 1995). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  15. ^ "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: The Faded Myth of the Goat-God – Qantara.de". Qantara.de – Dialogue with the Islamic World. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  16. ^ "Past masters". The National. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  17. ^ Joujouka Black Eyes – The Master Musicians of Joujouka | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 28 May 2020
  18. ^ Moroccan Trance Music, Vol. 2: Sufi – The Gnoua Brotherhood of Marrakesh, The Master Musicians of Joujouka | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 28 May 2020
  19. ^ Ambrose, Joe (2007). Chelsea Hotel Manhattan: A Raw Eulogy to a New York Icon. Headpress. ISBN 978-1900486606.
  20. ^ "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: Boujeloud". PopMatters. 19 November 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  21. ^ Blabbermouth (12 April 2011). "JANE'S ADDICTION Collaborates With Master Musicians of Joujouka". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Jane's Addiction, "End to the Lies"". Billboard. 22 April 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  23. ^ Swash, Rosie; Gabbatt, Adam (24 June 2011). "Glastonbury 2011 live: Friday 24 June". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  24. ^ "On y était : le festival Villa Aperta 2013 à Rome". Les Inrocks (in French). Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  25. ^ "Au Maroc, le village de Jajouka abrite le plus vieux groupe de rock du monde". Télérama (in French). 12 September 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  26. ^ "BBC Radio 4 – Wireless Nights, Series 5, Joujouka". BBC. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  27. ^ Hepworth, David (11 March 2017). "This week's best radio: Jarvis Cocker heads to Morocco's mountains". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  28. ^ "Amid Japan's multitude of music festivals, Frue is worth celebrating". 25 October 2018.
  29. ^ Sack, Adriano (16 May 2019). "Michel Gaubert: "'Prelude' von Simon Grab könnte mein Sex-Song des Tages sein"". Die Welt.
  30. ^ "A musical mecca". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  31. ^ "Glastonbury festival announces full lineup, adding Queens of the Stone Age, Skepta and more". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 June 2023.

Further reading[edit]

  • Hamri, Mohamed (1975), Tales of Joujouka. Capra Press.
  • Gysin, Brion, The Process.
  • Schuyler, Philip (2000) "Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah – Moroccan Music and Euro-American Imagination", in Armbrust, Walter, editor. "Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond". Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
  • Strauss, Neil (12 October 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". The New York Times.
  • Davis, Stephen (1993). Jajouka Rolling Stone: A Fable of Gods and Heroes. Random House.
  • Palmer, Robert (14 October 1971). Jajouka: Up the Mountain. Rolling Stone..
  • Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–505, 508.
  • Trynka, Paul (2014) Brian Jones: The Making of The Rolling Stones Random House.
  • Sword, Harry (2021). Monolithic Undertoe White Rabbit Books.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Master_Musicians_of_Joujouka&oldid=1204680470"