Amalgamated Press: Difference between revisions

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== Notable titles published ==
== Notable titles published ==
{{main|List of AP, Fleetway and IPC Comics publications}}
{{main|List of AP, Fleetway and IPC Comics publications}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
* ''Bo-Peep and Little Boy Blue'' (245 issues, 1929–1934) — merged into ''Chicks' Own''
|-
* ''Bubbles'' (1,024 issues, 16 April 1921–24 May 1941) — merged into ''Chicks' Own''
! Title !! Starting year !! Ending year !! Issues !! Merged with !! Notes
* ''Butterfly'' (1,862 issues, 1904–1940) — title is ''Butterfly and Firefly'' for 446 issues from 1917 to 1925
|-
* ''Chicks' Own'' (1,605 issues, 25 September 1920–9 March 1957) — also published 33 annuals from 1924 to 1957
| ''Bo-Peep and Little Boy Blue'' || 1929 || 1934 || 245 || ''Chicks' Own'' ||
* ''[[The Comet (UK comics)|The Comet]]'' (510 issues, 1949–1959) — launched by [[J. B. Allen]] in 1946; acquired by AP in 1949; merged into ''[[Tiger (Fleetway)|Tiger]]'' in 1959
|-
* ''[[Comic Cuts]]'' (3,006 issues, 17 May 1890–1953) — merged into ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]''
|''[[Bubbles (UK comics)|Bubbles]]'' || 1921 || 1941 || 1,024 || ''Chicks' Own'' ||
* ''Comic Home Journal'' (488 issues, 1895–1904)
|-
* ''Crackers'' (615 issues, 1929–1941) — merged into ''Jingles''
| ''[[Butterfly (comics)|Butterfly]]'' || 1904 || 1940 || 1,862 || ''Butterfly & Merry & Bright'' || Title is ''Butterfly and Firefly'' for 446 issues from 1917 to 1925
* ''Famous Romance Library'' (171 issues, June 1956–1961)
|-
* ''[[Film Fun]]'' (2,222 issues, 17 January 1920–8 September 1962) — plus 23 annuals published from 1938 to 1961
| ''[[Chicks' Own]]'' || 1920 || 1957 || 1,605 || || Also published 33 annuals from 1924 to 1957
* ''[[Funny Wonder]]''
|-
** 1st series (325 issues, 1893–1899)
| ''[[The Comet (UK comics)|The Comet]]'' || 1949 || 1959 || 510 || ''[[Tiger (Fleetway)|Tiger]]'' || Launched by [[J. B. Allen]] in 1946; acquired by AP in 1949
** 2nd series (109 issues, 1899–1901) — numbering continues with ''Wonder'' series 2
|-
** 3rd series (1,404 issues, 1914–1942) — numbering continues from ''Halfpenny Wonder'' (1914 series); numbering continues with ''Wonder'' series 4; also published 5 annuals from 1937 to 1942
| ''[[Comic Cuts]]'' || 1890 || 1953 || 3,006 || ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]'' ||
* ''[[Girls' Crystal]]'' (524 issues, 21 March 1953–1963) — numbering continues from ''Girls' Crystal'' [[story paper]], launched in 1935; published 39 annuals published from 1939 to 1978
|-
* ''[[Illustrated Chips]]'' — merged into ''[[Film Fun]]''
| ''Comic Home Journal'' || 1895 || 1904 || 488 || ||
** initial run (6 issues, 26 July 1890–1890)
|-
** main series (2,997 issues, September 6, 1890–1952) — merged into ''[[Film Fun]]''
| ''Crackers'' || 1929 || 1941 || 615 || ''Jingles'' ||
* ''[[Jack and Jill (comics)|Jack and Jill]]'' ({{circa}} 1,640 issues, 27 February 1954–29 June 1985)
|-
* ''Jester''
| ''Famous Romance Library'' || 1956 || 1961 || 171 || ||
** ''Jester and Wonder'' (506 issues, 1902–1912) — numbering continues from ''Wonder'' series 2
|-
** 1st series (465 issues, 1912–1924) — becomes ''Jolly Jester'' in 1920
| ''[[Film Fun]]'' || 1920 || 1962 || 2,222 || ''[[Buster (comics)|Buster]]'' || Published 23 annuals from 1938 to 1961
** 2nd series (847 issues, 1924–1940) — merged into ''[[Funny Wonder]]''
|-
* ''Jingles'' (741 issues, 1934–29 May 1954) — merged into ''TV Fun''
| ''[[Funny Wonder]]'' 1st series || 1893 || 1899 || 325 || || Leads right into ''Funny Wonder'' 2nd series
* ''The Joker'' (655 issues, 1927–1940) — merged into ''[[Illustrated Chips]]''
|-
* ''Kinema Comic'' (651 issues, 1920–1932) — merged into ''[[Film Fun]]''
| ''[[Funny Wonder]]'' 2nd series || 1899 || 1901 || 109 || || Numbering continues with ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' series 2
* ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]'' (1,240 issues, 4 March 1939–16 February 1963) — merged into [[IPC Magazines]]' ''[[Valiant (comics)|Valiant]]''; also published 16 "Fun Books" from 1941 to 1955, and 6 annuals from 1956 to 1961
|-
* ''Larks'' (656 issues, 1927–1940) — merged into ''[[Comic Cuts]]''
| ''[[Funny Wonder]]'' 3rd series || 1914 || 1942 || 1,404 || ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' series 4 || Numbering continues from ''Halfpenny Wonder'' (1914 series); numbering continues with ''Wonder'' series 4; also published 5 annuals from 1937 to 1942
* ''[[Lion (comics)|Lion]]'' (389 issues, 23rd February 1952–1959; acquired by IPC and published for another 767 issues until 18 May 1974) — merged into [[IPC Magazines]]' ''[[Valiant (comics)|Valiant]]''
|-
* ''Love Romance'' (2 issues, 1950)
| ''[[Girls' Crystal]]'' || 1953 || 1963 || 524 || ''[[School Friend]]'' || Numbering continues from ''Girls' Crystal'' [[story paper]] (launched in 1935); published 39 annuals from 1939 to 1978
* ''[[The Magnet]]'' (1683 issues, 1908–1940) — a [[story paper]] which merged into ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]''
|-
* ''Marilyn'' (549 issues, 19 March 1955–18 September 1965) — merged into ''Valentine''
| ''[[Illustrated Chips]]'' initial run || 1890 || 1890 || 6 || ||
* ''Merry and Bright the Favorite Comic'' (1,265 issues, 1910–1935) — titled simply ''Merry and Bright'' for 337 issues from 1910 to 31 March 1917
|-
* ''My Favourite'' (351 issues, 1928–1934) — merged into ''Sparkler''
| ''[[Illustrated Chips]]'' main series || 1890 || 1952 || 2,997 || ''[[Film Fun]]''
* ''Playbox'' — published 48 annuals from 1909 to 1956
|-
** 1st series (2 issues, 1898)
| ''[[Jack and Jill (comics)|Jack and Jill]]'' || 1954 || 1985 || 1,640 ({{circa}}) || ||
** 2nd series (105 issues, 1905–1913)
|-
** 3rd series (1,279 issues, 1925–1955) — merged with ''[[Jack and Jill (comics)|Jack and Jill]]''
| ''[[Jester (UK comics)|Jester and Wonder]]'' || 1902 || 1912 || 506 || ''[[Jester (UK comics)|Jester]]'' || Numbering continues from ''Wonder'' series 2
* ''[[Playhour|Playhour Pictures]]'' (31 issues, 16 October 1954–14 May 1955; becomes ''[[Playhour]]'', publishing {{circa}} 1669 additional issues until 15 August 1987)
|-
* ''Playtime'' (550 issues, 1919–1929)
| ''[[Jester (UK comics)|Jester]]'' || 1912 || 1940 || 1,312 || ''[[Funny Wonder]]'' || Title is ''Jolly Jester'' from 1920 to 1924
* ''Puck'' (1,867 issues, 30 July 1904–1940) — merged into ''Sunbeam''
|-
* ''[[Radio Fun]]'' (1018 issues, 1938–1959) — merged into [[IPC Magazines]]' ''[[Buster (comics)|Buster]]''; also published 21 annuals from 1940 to 1960
| ''[[Jingles (comics)|Jingles]]'' || 1934 || 1954 || 741 || ''TV Fun'' ||
* ''The Rainbow'' (1,898 issues, February 14, 1914–April 28, 1956) — merged with ''Tiny Tots''; also published 10 annuals from 1927 onward
|-
* ''Roxy'' (288 issues, 1958–14 September 1963) — merged into ''Valentine''
| ''The Joker'' || 1927 || 1940 || 655 || ''[[Illustrated Chips]]'' ||
* ''[[School Friend]]'' (762 issues, May 20th, 1950–1965) — merged into IPC's ''[[June (comics)|June]]''
|-
* ''[[Sun (comic)|Sun]]'' (517 issues, 1949–1959) — launched by [[J. B. Allen]] in 1947; acquired by AP in 1949; was called ''Sun Comic'' for 122 issues from 1949 to March 22, 1952; merged into ''[[Lion (comics)|Lion]]'' in 1959
| ''Kinema Comic'' || 1920 || 1932 || 651 || ''[[Film Fun]]'' ||
* ''Sunbeam'' (920 issues, 1922–1940)
|-
* ''[[Tiger (Fleetway)|Tiger]]'' ({{circa}} 261 issues, September 11, 1954–October 1959; acquired by IPC and continued for another {{circa}} 1,310 issues until 30 March 1985) — merged into [[IPC Magazines]]' ''[[Eagle (British comics)|Eagle]]''
| ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]'' || 1939 || 1963 || 1,240 || ''[[Valiant (comics)|Valiant]]'' || Published 16 "Fun Books" from 1941 to 1955, and 6 annuals from 1956 to 1961
* ''[[Tiger Tim's Weekly]]'' (1,087 issues, 1919–1940) — originally called ''Tiger Tim's Tales'' for 28 issues (1919–1920)
|-
* ''Tiny Tots'' (1,334 issues, 1927–1959) — merged into ''[[Playhour]]''
* ''Tip Top'' (727 issues, 1934–29 May 1954) — merged into ''TV Fun''
| ''Larks'' || 1927 || 1940 || 656 || ''[[Comic Cuts]]'' ||
|-
* ''TV Fun'' (312 issues, 19 September 1953–12 September 1959) – merged into ''Valentine''; also published 4 annuals from 1957 to 1960
| ''[[Lion (comics)|Lion]]'' || 1952 || 1974 || 1,156 || ''[[Valiant (comics)|Valiant]]'' || Published 767 issues with IPC
* ''Valentine'' (919 issues, 19 January 1957–9 November 1974) — merged into ''Mirabelle'' (originally published by [[Pearson plc|Pearson]])
<!--
* ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]''
|-
** 1st series (27 issues, 1892–1893)
| ''Love Romance'' || 1950 || 1950 || 2 || ||
** 2nd series (49 issues, 1901–17 May 1902) — called ''Wonder and Jester'' for 2 issues, 10 May 1902 to 17 May 1902; numbering continues in ''Jester and Wonder''
-->
** 3rd series (64 issues, 1913–1914)
<!-- ''[[The Magnet]]'' (1683 issues, 1908–1940) — a [[story paper]] which merged into ''[[Knockout (UK comics)|Knockout]]''
** 4th series (317 issues, 1942–1953) — numbering continues from ''Funny Wonder'' series 3
-->
|-
| ''[[Marilyn (comics)|Marilyn]]'' || 1955 || 1965 || 549 || ''Valentine'' ||
|-
| ''[[Merry and Bright|Merry and Bright the Favorite Comic]]'' || 1910 || 1935 || 1,265 || ''Butterfly'' || Titled simply ''Merry and Bright'' for 337 issues from 1910 to 31 March 1917
|-
| ''My Favourite'' || 1928 || 1934 || 351 || ''Sparkler'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Playbox (comics)|Playbox]]'' 1st series || 1898 || 1898 || 2 || ||
|-
| ''[[Playbox (comics)|Playbox]]'' 2nd series || 1905 || 1913 || 105 || || rowspan=2 | Published 48 annuals from 1909 to 1956
|-
| ''[[Playbox (comics)|Playbox]]'' 3rd series || 1925 || 1955 || 1,279 || ''[[Jack and Jill (comics)|Jack and Jill]]''
|-
| ''[[Playhour|Playhour Pictures]]'' || 1954 || 1955 || 31 || || Becomes ''[[Playhour]]'', publishing {{circa}} 1,669 additional issues until 15 August 1987
|-
| ''Playtime'' || 1919 || 1929 || 550 || ||
|-
| ''[[Puck (UK comics)|Puck]]'' || 1904 || 1940 || 1,867 || ''Sunbeam'' ||
|-
| ''[[Radio Fun]]'' || 1938 || 1960 || 1,029 || ''[[Buster (comics)|Buster]]'' || Published 21 annuals from 1940 to 1960
|-
| ''[[The Rainbow (comics)|The Rainbow]]'' || 1914 || 1956 || 1,898 || ''Tiny Tots'' || Published 10 annuals from 1927 onward
|-
| ''Roxy'' || 1958 || 1963 || 288 || ''Valentine'' ||
|-
| ''[[School Friend]]'' || 1950 || 1965 || 762 || ''[[June (comics)|June]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sun (comic)|Sun]]'' || 1949 || 1959 || 517 || ''[[Lion (comics)|Lion]]'' || Launched by [[J. B. Allen]] in 1947; acquired by AP in 1949; was called ''Sun Comic'' for 122 issues from 1949 to March 22, 1952
|-
| ''[[Sunbeam (comics)|Sunbeam]]'' || 1922 || 1940 || 920 || ''Tiny Tots'' ||
|-
| ''[[Tiger (Fleetway)|Tiger]]'' || 1954 || 1985 || 1,571 ({{circa}}) || ''[[Eagle (British comics)|Eagle]]'' || Published {{circa}} 1,310 issues with IPC
|-
| ''[[Tiger Tim's Weekly]]'' || 1919 || 1940 || 1,087 || ''Rainbow'' || Originally called ''Tiger Tim's Tales'' for 28 issues (1919–1920)
|-
| ''[[Tiny Tots]]'' || 1927 || 1959 || 1,334 || ''[[Playhour]]'' ||
|-
| ''Tip Top'' || 1934 || 1954 || 727 || ''TV Fun'' ||
|-
| ''[[TV Fun]]'' || 1953 || 1960 || 333 || ''Valentine'' || Becomes ''TV Fan'' from 19 September 1959 to 30 January 1960; published 4 annuals from 1957 to 1960
|-
| ''[[Valentine (comics)|Valentine]]'' || 1957 || 1974 || 919 ||''Mirabelle'' ||
|-
| ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' 1st series || 1892 || 1893 || 27 || || Restarted as ''Funny Wonder'' (1892–1899)
|-
| ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' 2nd series || 1901 || 1902 || 49 || ''[[Jester (UK comics)|Jester and Wonder]]'' || Called ''Wonder and Jester'' for 2 issues, 10 May 1902 to 17 May 1902; numbering continues in ''Jester and Wonder''
|-
| ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' 3rd series || 1913 || 1914 || 64 || ''Halfpenny Wonder'' || Numbering continued from ''Penny Wonder''; numbering continued in ''Halfpenny Wonder'' (which becomes ''Funny Wonder'' 3rd series)
|-
| ''[[Wonder (comics)|Wonder]]'' 4th series || 1942 || 1953 || 317 || || Numbering continues from ''Funny Wonder'' series 3
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:19, 15 April 2021

Amalgamated Press
StatusDefunct; absorbed into IPC in 1959
Founded1901
FounderAlfred Harmsworth
Defunct1959 Edit this on Wikidata
SuccessorInternational Publishing Company
Country of originEngland
Headquarters locationFleetway House
Publication typescomics, magazines, newspapers, paperbacks
ImprintsThe Educational Book Company
Fleetway Publications

The Amalgamated Press (AP) was a British newspaper and magazine publishing company founded by journalist and entrepreneur Alfred Harmsworth in 1901, gathering his many publishing ventures together under one banner.[1] At one point the largest publishing company in the world,[2] AP employed writers such as Arthur Mee and John Hammerton, and its subsidiary, the Educational Book Company, published The Harmsworth Self-Educator, The Children's Encyclopædia, and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia.

History

From 1912 Amalgamated Press was based at Fleetway House in Farringdon Street, London.[3]

In May 1949, AP acquired the publisher J. B. Allen, including their comics titles The Comet[4] and Sun, which they continued under the same names.

Acquisition by the Mirror Group/IPC

In 1959 the company was bought by the Mirror Group and renamed Fleetway Publications. In 1961, the Mirror Group acquired Odhams Press — which owned Longacre Press and George Newnes Ltd. The group was renamed the International Publishing Corporation in 1963,[5] although the component companies continued to use their own names until 1968 when they were reorganised into the unitary IPC Magazines. The "Fleetway" banner continued to be used for some publications until IPC's comics line was sold under the name Fleetway Publications to Robert Maxwell in 1987.[1]

Books

  • The Boy's Book of Everyday Science (1937), edited by Charles Ray
  • The Concise Household Encyclopedia (1932–1939) edited by J A Hammerton.
  • Everybody's Enquire Within, edited by Charles Ray, published in 55 weekly instalments from 1937–38.
  • The Great War: The Standard History of the All-Europe Conflict (1914-1919), edited by Wilson and Hammerton
  • "Wonders" — all edited by Clarence Winchester, and published by Amalgamated Press as weekly instalments, with a book binding service available to keep as two volumes for each series.[6][7]
    • Railway Wonders of the World, 50 installments (1935–36)[8]
    • Shipping Wonders of the World, 55 installments (1936–37)[9]
    • Wonders of World Engineering, 53 installments (1937–38)[10]
    • Wonders of World Aviation, 40 installments (1938)[11]
  • The World of Wonder: 10,000 Things Every Child Should Know (1933), edited by Charles Ray. Published in two volumes: Vol. One, pages 1 to 732; Vol. Two, pages 733 to 1460. An illustrated compendium of mainly about science and technology with some historical subjects.

Magazines

Comics and story papers

Amalgamated Press entered the comic magazine market in 1890 with Comic Cuts and Illustrated Chips.[1] Other notable comics titles published by Amalgamated Press included Film Fun, Funny Wonder, Knockout, Lion, Playhour Pictures, Radio Fun, School Friend, and Tiger.

The company also published serialized story papers like The Magnet and The Thriller, which published stories by Edwy Searles Brooks, as well as The Gem, School Friend, Schoolgirls' Own, and The Schoolgirl.

In 1959, AP was acquired by the Mirror Group to form the foundation of IPC Magazines (at that point called Fleetway Publications). AP titles that were continued by IPC/Fleetway included:

  • Confessions Library (1959 series)
  • Cowboy Picture Library (1950 series; originally known as Cowboy Comics)
  • Famous Romance Library (1956 series)
  • Film Fun (1920 series)
  • Girls' Crystal (1935 series)
  • Knockout (1939 series)
  • Lion (1952 series)
  • Marilyn (1955 series)
  • Playhour (1954 series)
  • Radio Fun (1938 series)
  • Roxy (1958 series)
  • School Friend (1950 series)
  • Super Detective Library (1953 series)
  • Tiger (1954 series)
  • Top Spot (1958 series)
  • TV Fun (1953 series)
  • Valentine (1957 series)

With the transition to Fleetway, the AP titles The Comet, Sun, and Tiny Tots were all merged into other AP titles: Tiger, Lion, and Playhour, respectively. Radio Fun was continued by Fleetway for a short time and then merged into Buster in 1960. Similarly, TV Fun was renamed TV Fan, continued for a short time, and then was merged into Valentine.

Rebellion Developments currently owns all comics characters and titles created by IPC's subsidiaries after 1 January 1970, together with 26 specified characters which appeared in Buster;[12][13] while IPC currently retains its other comics characters and titles, including Sexton Blake, The Steel Claw, and Battler Britton.[14]

Notable titles published

Main article: List of AP, Fleetway and IPC Comics publications
Title Starting year Ending year Issues Merged with Notes
Bo-Peep and Little Boy Blue 1929 1934 245 Chicks' Own
Bubbles 1921 1941 1,024 Chicks' Own
Butterfly 1904 1940 1,862 Butterfly & Merry & Bright Title is Butterfly and Firefly for 446 issues from 1917 to 1925
Chicks' Own 1920 1957 1,605 Also published 33 annuals from 1924 to 1957
The Comet 1949 1959 510 Tiger Launched by J. B. Allen in 1946; acquired by AP in 1949
Comic Cuts 1890 1953 3,006 Knockout
Comic Home Journal 1895 1904 488
Crackers 1929 1941 615 Jingles
Famous Romance Library 1956 1961 171
Film Fun 1920 1962 2,222 Buster Published 23 annuals from 1938 to 1961
Funny Wonder 1st series 1893 1899 325 Leads right into Funny Wonder 2nd series
Funny Wonder 2nd series 1899 1901 109 Numbering continues with Wonder series 2
Funny Wonder 3rd series 1914 1942 1,404 Wonder series 4 Numbering continues from Halfpenny Wonder (1914 series); numbering continues with Wonder series 4; also published 5 annuals from 1937 to 1942
Girls' Crystal 1953 1963 524 School Friend Numbering continues from Girls' Crystal story paper (launched in 1935); published 39 annuals from 1939 to 1978
Illustrated Chips initial run 1890 1890 6
Illustrated Chips main series 1890 1952 2,997 Film Fun
Jack and Jill 1954 1985 1,640 (c.)
Jester and Wonder 1902 1912 506 Jester Numbering continues from Wonder series 2
Jester 1912 1940 1,312 Funny Wonder Title is Jolly Jester from 1920 to 1924
Jingles 1934 1954 741 TV Fun
The Joker 1927 1940 655 Illustrated Chips
Kinema Comic 1920 1932 651 Film Fun
Knockout 1939 1963 1,240 Valiant Published 16 "Fun Books" from 1941 to 1955, and 6 annuals from 1956 to 1961
Larks 1927 1940 656 Comic Cuts
Lion 1952 1974 1,156 Valiant Published 767 issues with IPC
Marilyn 1955 1965 549 Valentine
Merry and Bright the Favorite Comic 1910 1935 1,265 Butterfly Titled simply Merry and Bright for 337 issues from 1910 to 31 March 1917
My Favourite 1928 1934 351 Sparkler
Playbox 1st series 1898 1898 2
Playbox 2nd series 1905 1913 105 Published 48 annuals from 1909 to 1956
Playbox 3rd series 1925 1955 1,279 Jack and Jill
Playhour Pictures 1954 1955 31 Becomes Playhour, publishing c. 1,669 additional issues until 15 August 1987
Playtime 1919 1929 550
Puck 1904 1940 1,867 Sunbeam
Radio Fun 1938 1960 1,029 Buster Published 21 annuals from 1940 to 1960
The Rainbow 1914 1956 1,898 Tiny Tots Published 10 annuals from 1927 onward
Roxy 1958 1963 288 Valentine
School Friend 1950 1965 762 June
Sun 1949 1959 517 Lion Launched by J. B. Allen in 1947; acquired by AP in 1949; was called Sun Comic for 122 issues from 1949 to March 22, 1952
Sunbeam 1922 1940 920 Tiny Tots
Tiger 1954 1985 1,571 (c.) Eagle Published c. 1,310 issues with IPC
Tiger Tim's Weekly 1919 1940 1,087 Rainbow Originally called Tiger Tim's Tales for 28 issues (1919–1920)
Tiny Tots 1927 1959 1,334 Playhour
Tip Top 1934 1954 727 TV Fun
TV Fun 1953 1960 333 Valentine Becomes TV Fan from 19 September 1959 to 30 January 1960; published 4 annuals from 1957 to 1960
Valentine 1957 1974 919 Mirabelle
Wonder 1st series 1892 1893 27 Restarted as Funny Wonder (1892–1899)
Wonder 2nd series 1901 1902 49 Jester and Wonder Called Wonder and Jester for 2 issues, 10 May 1902 to 17 May 1902; numbering continues in Jester and Wonder
Wonder 3rd series 1913 1914 64 Halfpenny Wonder Numbering continued from Penny Wonder; numbering continued in Halfpenny Wonder (which becomes Funny Wonder 3rd series)
Wonder 4th series 1942 1953 317 Numbering continues from Funny Wonder series 3

References

  1. ^ a b c AP/Fleetway: A Potted History, Kerschner & Taylor, retrieved 8 January 2012
  2. ^ Boyce, D. George (2004). Harmsworth, Alfred Charles William, Viscount Northcliffe (1865–1922). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ W. O. G. Lofts, "Fleetway House is no more," C.D. #375 (March 1978). [Archived at the Friardale website.
  4. ^ Clark, Alan. Dictionary of British Comic Artists, Writers and Editors (The British Library, 1998), pp. 2-3.
  5. ^ Press Office – IPC History, IPC Media, retrieved 28 June 2010 [dead link]
  6. ^ Clarke, John (2016). "Other Part Works Edited by Clarence Winchester". Railway Wonders of the World. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Resources for Winchester, Clarence (1892-)". Trove. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  8. ^ Railway Wonders of the World tribute website. Retrieved Apr. 15, 2021.
  9. ^ Shipping Wonders of the World tribute website. Retrieved Apr. 15, 2021.
  10. ^ Wonders of World Engineering tribute website. Retrieved Apr. 15, 2021.
  11. ^ Wonders of World Aviation tribute website. Retrieved Apr. 15, 2021.
  12. ^ Bunge, Nicole. "REBELLION ACQUIRES FLEETWAY AND IPC YOUTH GROUP ARCHIVES". ICv2. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  13. ^ Johnston, Rich. "Rebellion Buys Fleetway Archive – Roy Of The Rovers, Oink, Tammy, Battle, Whizzer And Chips And More". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  14. ^ Birmingham Mail article Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

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