Osmia nigriventris: Difference between revisions
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The [[exoskeleton]] of ''Osmia nigriventris'' is entirely black with no metallic reflections. The bees body length can range from 10 - 14 mm long.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Müller |first=Andreas |last2=Prosi |first2=Rainer |last3=Praz |first3=Christophe |last4=Richter |first4=Henning |date=2019-05-20 |title=Nesting in bark – the peculiar life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Osmia (Melanosmia) nigriventris (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) |url=https://alpineentomology.pensoft.net/article/34409/download/pdf/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=alpineentomology.pensoft.net |doi=10.3897/alpento.3.34409}}</ref> Females possess a strongly thickened clypeal margin<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rightmyer |first=Molly G. |last2=Griswold |first2=Terry |last3=Arduser |first3=Michael S. |date=2010-10-07 |title=A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/2362/list/8/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[ZooKeys]] |doi=10.3897/zookeys.60.484}}</ref> and lightly infuscated wings.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838) |url=https://apoidea.myspecies.info/node/835 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Anthophila- an online repository of bee diversity}}</ref> Males however possess reflexed apicolateral angles of the 5th and 6th tergal segments<ref name=":2" /> and subhyaline wings.<ref name=":1" /> Both male and female bees have whitish-pale pubescence over the head, thorax and clypeus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838) |url=https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Osmia+nigriventris#:~:text=Osmia%20nigriventris%20is%20polylectic%2C%20with,ller%202010%20and%20references%20therein). |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Discoverlife.org}}</ref> |
The [[exoskeleton]] of ''Osmia nigriventris'' is entirely black with no metallic reflections. The bees body length can range from 10 - 14 mm long.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Müller |first=Andreas |last2=Prosi |first2=Rainer |last3=Praz |first3=Christophe |last4=Richter |first4=Henning |date=2019-05-20 |title=Nesting in bark – the peculiar life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Osmia (Melanosmia) nigriventris (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) |url=https://alpineentomology.pensoft.net/article/34409/download/pdf/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=alpineentomology.pensoft.net |doi=10.3897/alpento.3.34409}}</ref> Females possess a strongly thickened clypeal margin<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rightmyer |first=Molly G. |last2=Griswold |first2=Terry |last3=Arduser |first3=Michael S. |date=2010-10-07 |title=A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/2362/list/8/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[ZooKeys]] |doi=10.3897/zookeys.60.484}}</ref> and lightly infuscated wings.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838) |url=https://apoidea.myspecies.info/node/835 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Anthophila- an online repository of bee diversity}}</ref> Males however possess reflexed apicolateral angles of the 5th and 6th tergal segments<ref name=":2" /> and subhyaline wings.<ref name=":1" /> Both male and female bees have whitish-pale pubescence over the head, thorax and clypeus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838) |url=https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Osmia+nigriventris#:~:text=Osmia%20nigriventris%20is%20polylectic%2C%20with,ller%202010%20and%20references%20therein). |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Discoverlife.org}}</ref> |
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=== Reproduction === |
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Females of Osmia nigriventris will use their specialized mandibles to excavate nests in wooden substrate such as the thick tree bark of [[Larch|Larix]] or [[Pine|Pinus]] species. Suitable nest sites can include either tree bark that is lying on the ground or attached to the remains of standing deadwood, [[Tree stump|tree stumps]] and [[coarse woody debris]].<ref name=":0" /> Nests will contain from 1 - 26 brood cells, which are constructed within one or several tunnels built by the females. Brood cells are linearly arranged and separated from one another by three-layered partitions made from leaf pulp. The leaf pulp is created from chewed up leaves from genus such as ''[[Potentilla]]'' and ''[[Helianthemum]]''. Pollen provisions are stored in brood cells to provide the offspring with a food source during development.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Depending on the [[altitude]] of the nest, adult bees can emerge from the beginning of May to the first decade of June.<ref name=":0" /> It is believed that ''O. nigriventris'' requires two years to reach maturity in subalpine zones and that the species overwinters as a prepupa during it's first winter.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Distribution and habitat == |
== Distribution and habitat == |
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''Osmia nigriventris'' has a large distribution and is known to live in both the [[Nearctic realm|Neartic]] and [[Palearctic realm|Paleartic]] zones. It can be found living in [[North America]], where it is present in the states of [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[Wyoming]], [[Michigan]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Minnesota]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Minnesota Bees - A Preliminary List |url=https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/mcbs/pollinators/bees-species-list.pdf |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]]}}</ref> The species is also present in [[Canada]] where it can be found in the territories of [[Yukon]], [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]] and [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. In [[Europe]] populations are present in [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Slovakia]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]]. In [[Asia]] the bees range extends through [[Mongolia]], Northern [[China]] and [[Russia]] to far eastern [[Siberia]].<ref name=":1" /> Populations have been recorded up to |
''Osmia nigriventris'' has a large distribution and is known to live in both the [[Nearctic realm|Neartic]] and [[Palearctic realm|Paleartic]] zones. It can be found living in [[North America]], where it is present in the states of [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[Wyoming]], [[Michigan]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Minnesota]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Minnesota Bees - A Preliminary List |url=https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/mcbs/pollinators/bees-species-list.pdf |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]]}}</ref> The species is also present in [[Canada]] where it can be found in the territories of [[Yukon]], [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]] and [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. In [[Europe]] populations are present in [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Slovakia]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]]. In [[Asia]] the bees range extends through [[Mongolia]], Northern [[China]] and [[Russia]] to far eastern [[Siberia]].<ref name=":1" /> Populations have been recorded up to 2250 meters above sea level.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Habitat and ecology == |
== Habitat and ecology == |
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''Osmia nigriventris'' can be found living in open forest, [[Woodland edge|forest edges]] and [[meadow]] habitats in [[Montane ecosystems|subalpine]] locations.<ref name=":0" /> Females will |
''Osmia nigriventris'' can be found living in open forest, [[Woodland edge|forest edges]] and [[meadow]] habitats in [[Montane ecosystems|subalpine]] locations.<ref name=":0" /> Females will build their nests in wooden substrate such as the bark of [[Larch|Larix]] or [[Pine|Pinus]] trees. Nest sites can include ground resting tree bark or bark attached to the remains of standing deadwood, tree stumps and coarse woody debris.<ref name=":0" /> The bee has a preference for [[Flower|flowers]] from the families ''[[Fabaceae]] ([[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]]), [[Ericaceae]]'' (''[[Rhododendron]] and [[Vaccinium]]'') ''and [[Cistaceae]] ([[Helianthemum]]).''<ref name=":0" /> |
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=== Parasites === |
=== Parasites === |
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Revision as of 10:09, 1 November 2022
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | Osmia |
| Species: | O. nigriventris
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| Binomial name | |
| Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)
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Osmia nigriventris, also known as the large black-bellied mason bee, is a species of solitary bee within the family Megachilidae.
Description
The exoskeleton of Osmia nigriventris is entirely black with no metallic reflections. The bees body length can range from 10 - 14 mm long.[1] Females possess a strongly thickened clypeal margin[2] and lightly infuscated wings.[3] Males however possess reflexed apicolateral angles of the 5th and 6th tergal segments[2] and subhyaline wings.[3] Both male and female bees have whitish-pale pubescence over the head, thorax and clypeus.[4]
Reproduction
Females of Osmia nigriventris will use their specialized mandibles to excavate nests in wooden substrate such as the thick tree bark of Larix or Pinus species. Suitable nest sites can include either tree bark that is lying on the ground or attached to the remains of standing deadwood, tree stumps and coarse woody debris.[1] Nests will contain from 1 - 26 brood cells, which are constructed within one or several tunnels built by the females. Brood cells are linearly arranged and separated from one another by three-layered partitions made from leaf pulp. The leaf pulp is created from chewed up leaves from genus such as Potentilla and Helianthemum. Pollen provisions are stored in brood cells to provide the offspring with a food source during development.[1]
Depending on the altitude of the nest, adult bees can emerge from the beginning of May to the first decade of June.[1] It is believed that O. nigriventris requires two years to reach maturity in subalpine zones and that the species overwinters as a prepupa during it's first winter.[1]
Distribution and habitat
Osmia nigriventris has a large distribution and is known to live in both the Neartic and Paleartic zones. It can be found living in North America, where it is present in the states of Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Michigan[3] and Minnesota.[5] The species is also present in Canada where it can be found in the territories of Yukon, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland. In Europe populations are present in France, Italy, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In Asia the bees range extends through Mongolia, Northern China and Russia to far eastern Siberia.[3] Populations have been recorded up to 2250 meters above sea level.[1]
Habitat and ecology
Osmia nigriventris can be found living in open forest, forest edges and meadow habitats in subalpine locations.[1] Females will build their nests in wooden substrate such as the bark of Larix or Pinus trees. Nest sites can include ground resting tree bark or bark attached to the remains of standing deadwood, tree stumps and coarse woody debris.[1] The bee has a preference for flowers from the families Fabaceae (Lotus), Ericaceae (Rhododendron and Vaccinium) and Cistaceae (Helianthemum).[1]
Parasites
The following species are known to be brood parasites of Osmia nigriventris:[1][6]
- Anthrax anthrax - Anthracite bee-fly
- Chrysura hirsuta - Northern Osmia ruby-tailed wasp
- Sapyga similis
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Müller, Andreas; Prosi, Rainer; Praz, Christophe; Richter, Henning (2019-05-20). "Nesting in bark – the peculiar life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Osmia (Melanosmia) nigriventris (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)". alpineentomology.pensoft.net. doi:10.3897/alpento.3.34409. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Rightmyer, Molly G.; Griswold, Terry; Arduser, Michael S. (2010-10-07). "A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)". ZooKeys. doi:10.3897/zookeys.60.484. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d "Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)". Anthophila- an online repository of bee diversity. 2022-10-31. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ "Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)". Discoverlife.org. 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
- ^ "Minnesota Bees - A Preliminary List" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
- ^ "Chrysura hirsuta (Gerstäcker, 1869)". Artsdatabanken (in Norwegian). 2022-11-01.